[收藏]VC++ 2005编译出程序在XP下执行出错的解决方法

天云上人

  　　这个问题主要出现在XP环境下运行由Visual C++2003/2005编译的MFC程序时，问题现象是XP运行此类程序时，报错"由于应用程序配置不正确,应用程序未能启动.重新安装应用程序可能会纠正这个问题"。这个问题似乎许多人遇见过。在CSDN和微软社区里面都有人提到，但是没有完整的解决方案。这个问题的解决一共会遇见2个子问题：
) j  V6 Z% b4 Z& j8 y3 F　　最早出现这个错误我和许多人认为的一样，认为是缺乏DLL库文件导致.但是在测试机复制了DLL甚至安装了.net framework 2.0以后都无法解决问题，最后确认不是由缺乏DLL所致，因为程序是纯win32的应用程,非托管代码，所以也无需.net framework。
0 m1 X6 r! Q( g$ @8 r9 x　　Visual C++2003/2005默认的MFC程序是使用动态MFC库(Use MFC in a Shared DLL)来链接的，而动态MFC库使用的是Multi-threaded DLL (/MD)。由于XP对于PE文件格式监测更加严格。就会导致部分使用多线程DLL的可执行文件在调用的时候出错。修改项目属性的编译开关：
Project-&gtroperty->configuration Properties->C/C++->Code Generation->Runtime Library

修改成Multi-threaded (/MT)
, `0 t) v5 i) f! a' V6 u
$ S3 C; l, p3 E8 l5 K修改了Runtime类型以后
% R% d: N! Z: l) Z
需要将MFC的编译类型也改成静态库：
0 y4 T$ F& H: n& ], WProject-&gtroperty->configuration Properties->General->Use of MFC
+ b# v0 c' H, i* f3 C修改成Use MFC in a Static Library
8 a/ F* h9 J3 g+ _$ i
一部分情况下在这步就能解决问题
另外一部分情况会遇见如下情况

# I* z+ g0 T0 y/ f. g& U编译器报错：

. M) a# I- \' q6 UCODE:
& ^' [8 E# d; |7 N$ Z' ?0 c; wnafxcw.lib(afxmem.obj) : error LNK2005: "void * __cdecl operator new[](unsigned int)" (??_U@YAPAXI@Z) already defined in libcpmt.lib(newaop.obj)

产生这个问题的原因是库依赖关系：
在Project-&gtroperty->configuration Properties->Linker->Command Line
3 H" A* j' [2 u" _加入编译开关/verbose:lib可以显示详细的库链接顺序

' a! D" U) g! YCODE:
" f2 u2 a' o2 E" S
------ Build started: Project: PerfMonDemo, Configuration: Release Win32 ------
8 Y1 o9 n0 s7 J2 {4 F) _) RLinking...
Searching libraries
, A, o0 S' M" `+ i+ o; f! qSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
4 l  I' g* q' |3 HSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
3 p0 G: [, B3 ASearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
: M# D6 U3 H1 i4 E% K. }Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
nafxcw.lib(afxmem.obj) : error LNK2005: "void * __cdecl operator new[](unsigned int)" (??_U@YAPAXI@Z) already defined in libcpmt.lib(newaop.obj)
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcmt.lib:
4 d  {% l3 J- M0 DSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\kernel32.lib:
  C$ k! H4 [5 r7 [: r2 S9 s5 vSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\user32.lib:
: u2 B" _6 O) ?5 Q& X1 hSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\gdi32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\msimg32.lib:
9 {( ~" {6 t: o) e5 q. kSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comdlg32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\winspool.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\advapi32.lib:
+ |) F# n5 V& e7 s; t: d# ^! ^. v5 PSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shell32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comctl32.lib:
+ e" @4 _, e2 c. B% O6 b" {' _1 JSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shlwapi.lib:
+ r/ t) t/ q$ C$ G8 ASearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\uuid.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oledlg.lib:
: G6 v: O- Z; N( g! ]; @- J6 O5 ]Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ole32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleaut32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\urlmon.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\OLDNAMES.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\atls.lib:
- F5 r) R7 z( |! [9 ^# A  A" LSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ws2_32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\mswsock.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleacc.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
# r; u2 m5 ?+ r; QSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
' V" H7 D6 m) k, lSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcmt.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\kernel32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\user32.lib:
8 S, ^; C) N6 l9 }8 f# FSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\gdi32.lib:
$ I* k  |- S! C% H- GSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\msimg32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comdlg32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\winspool.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\advapi32.lib:
! Z! E0 G- N. F8 b# XSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shell32.lib:
0 g$ f' e3 d5 m& s, s! R3 A2 xSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comctl32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shlwapi.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\uuid.lib:
# m1 I5 v3 Y4 G: j5 ZSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oledlg.lib:
" R# w: L+ X/ U+ [Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ole32.lib:
9 H) q5 p) j2 v+ f, e, Q" C0 CSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleaut32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\urlmon.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\OLDNAMES.lib:
, k% w& k3 q4 f5 a7 ?) G7 K4 {' uSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\atls.lib:
/ o+ h& |. B0 T. v* M, \  DSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ws2_32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\mswsock.lib:
' Z- ~' U. A1 v9 H' f7 }# fSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleacc.lib:
& A0 A) M+ q0 y  L  H$ f2 DSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
- E$ x7 i5 J$ J/ L) a) t' aSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
  P- G* V  g* ^7 }9 V, ]5 y3 xFinished searching libraries
; t: C. h; A, M- n  RSearching libraries
+ O/ k  h! x8 v  w" ]  tSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
6 E3 H0 }: \7 O* Y. }3 q4 BSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
) n  y( E: K. ~  t* N6 }" d; t* ]; KSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
) S+ H1 a) K0 `% {0 A  r0 g+ R7 }6 ZSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
4 H1 |4 j7 Z8 I  H, y( vSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcmt.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\kernel32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\user32.lib:
" X' u- b  {- R; m' l" R8 ISearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\gdi32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\msimg32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comdlg32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\winspool.lib:
! a0 R, _8 T; c/ c* dSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\advapi32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shell32.lib:
) q8 D) q* B8 P; NSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comctl32.lib:
, f2 p" j  Z% D! w; rSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shlwapi.lib:
# q: p7 d1 \- ~% BSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\uuid.lib:
8 A9 r9 m* Q: G9 i. K% FSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oledlg.lib:
3 q+ r' H4 S+ V% jSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ole32.lib:
7 X# `3 V# C7 s* t" Y0 e1 `Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleaut32.lib:
/ q/ v" e7 k" @( n2 q& {% d$ LSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\urlmon.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\OLDNAMES.lib:
( S  w8 x0 S2 A6 V5 NSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\atls.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ws2_32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\mswsock.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleacc.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
4 F! u1 V% y7 q8 |, B; BSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
: w$ A; p% T* \& I6 R+ l0 ~! fSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
Finished searching libraries
.\Release/PerfMonDemo.exe : fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found
1 \2 w, F  V8 j) u7 |Build log was saved at "file://d:\Dev\Performance Monitor\Release\BuildLog.htm"
1 z0 C4 w5 v# _PerfMonDemo - 2 error(s), 0 warning(s)
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========
7 W: ~2 v+ V; @
% E8 h3 g5 o. G2 ^: G9 I我们发现在libcpmt.lib声明过的operator new在nafxcw.lib中再次定义。
解决方法如下：
1 S1 r- [, G4 m/ x: e+ U5 D) PProject->Property->configuration Properties->Linker->Input->Additional Dependencies
加入
5 m6 N  z" |# i% G, S; xnafxcw.lib
libcpmt.lib
5 W# J3 D/ l# g: n" G1 KProject->Property->configuration Properties->Linker->Input->Ignore Specific Library
( V9 n1 d4 o% k3 |* S% F加入
; Y  z& Z9 C6 h; g& Vnafxcw.lib
libcpmt.lib

　　这样链接程序就不会先按照默认顺序来连接这两个库文件，而是在最后在加入对他们的引用.这样就避免了这个问题。下面是一张可能发生冲突的列表，若要使用此运行时库 请忽略这些库：

6 z2 U  \/ u  V2 z单线程：(libc.lib) libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
多线程：(libcmt.lib) libc.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
使用 DLL 的多线程：(msvcrt.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
" ^" ?9 P: U1 z: G6 N# K) c调试单线程：(libcd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
调试多线程：(libcmtd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
9 U* s6 Y7 @7 ~( l0 ]" x# v使用 DLL 的调试多线程：(msvcrtd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib

天云上人

msdn里面有解决的办法，在重新部署c++程序里面有说明，建议采用以下两种方式来重新发布 Visual C++ DLL。首先，可以使用 Visual C++ 可再发行的合并模块，将 Visual C++ 程序集安装为共享的并行程序集。
或者，可以使用在 Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\Redist 目录中提供的文件，将特定的 Visual C++ 程序集安装为应用程序的私有程序集，
就是把Redist 目录中提供的文件的相应版本复制到应用程序目录。另外清单文件（.manifest）里面也可以看出是在哪个目录下搜索DLL文件。
楼主的方法容易误导初学者

( conry 发表于 2006-11-11 17:33:00)