[收藏]VC++ 2005编译出程序在XP下执行出错的解决方法

天云上人

  　　这个问题主要出现在XP环境下运行由Visual C++2003/2005编译的MFC程序时，问题现象是XP运行此类程序时，报错"由于应用程序配置不正确,应用程序未能启动.重新安装应用程序可能会纠正这个问题"。这个问题似乎许多人遇见过。在CSDN和微软社区里面都有人提到，但是没有完整的解决方案。这个问题的解决一共会遇见2个子问题：
# ]% K) [, M5 A$ C$ J4 M　　最早出现这个错误我和许多人认为的一样，认为是缺乏DLL库文件导致.但是在测试机复制了DLL甚至安装了.net framework 2.0以后都无法解决问题，最后确认不是由缺乏DLL所致，因为程序是纯win32的应用程,非托管代码，所以也无需.net framework。
4 j* B/ K/ D7 D# A! ^0 i0 R　　Visual C++2003/2005默认的MFC程序是使用动态MFC库(Use MFC in a Shared DLL)来链接的，而动态MFC库使用的是Multi-threaded DLL (/MD)。由于XP对于PE文件格式监测更加严格。就会导致部分使用多线程DLL的可执行文件在调用的时候出错。修改项目属性的编译开关：
Project-&gtroperty->configuration Properties->C/C++->Code Generation->Runtime Library

9 }  Q! x' W, P* q. K" c1 [修改成Multi-threaded (/MT)

1 S" s3 p( {$ K- n- p修改了Runtime类型以后
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需要将MFC的编译类型也改成静态库：
& t  h( y/ x' m3 t& C9 J" u5 eProject-&gtroperty->configuration Properties->General->Use of MFC
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一部分情况下在这步就能解决问题
另外一部分情况会遇见如下情况

# T% r0 J( |0 V6 Z. ~, g5 e编译器报错：

  D3 d  F7 n* S+ J& X# wCODE:
nafxcw.lib(afxmem.obj) : error LNK2005: "void * __cdecl operator new[](unsigned int)" (??_U@YAPAXI@Z) already defined in libcpmt.lib(newaop.obj)
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& S' Y0 {4 Z0 {9 M" c产生这个问题的原因是库依赖关系：
在Project-&gtroperty->configuration Properties->Linker->Command Line
加入编译开关/verbose:lib可以显示详细的库链接顺序

CODE:

------ Build started: Project: PerfMonDemo, Configuration: Release Win32 ------
Linking...
0 ]7 A- m- j; g7 a$ |Searching libraries
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
& l& _; X+ Y& \8 A( D( X& RSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
2 i9 M2 d8 d+ n5 U' Z" \# X& SSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
nafxcw.lib(afxmem.obj) : error LNK2005: "void * __cdecl operator new[](unsigned int)" (??_U@YAPAXI@Z) already defined in libcpmt.lib(newaop.obj)
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcmt.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\kernel32.lib:
& Y& y$ a% d" a# {2 F1 h  uSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\user32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\gdi32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\msimg32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comdlg32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\winspool.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\advapi32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shell32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comctl32.lib:
8 f% o) o, E) g1 {Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shlwapi.lib:
+ T0 o9 {7 d% ?1 f# g( {Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\uuid.lib:
2 ]% N" O3 m$ x7 TSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oledlg.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ole32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleaut32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\urlmon.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\OLDNAMES.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\atls.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ws2_32.lib:
6 p/ o8 H' I$ W; `& p" e7 QSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\mswsock.lib:
7 |( _, e$ w' O9 t! G5 v3 |Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleacc.lib:
2 f- P; g6 l; J6 N- qSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
' x- y: x/ r) I$ dSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
( q4 r8 W" @) q3 `Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcmt.lib:
' \' J3 y% R" Z2 N7 ?$ c2 H$ ~( hSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\kernel32.lib:
9 Z% p# R! y& s; k$ KSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\user32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\gdi32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\msimg32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comdlg32.lib:
7 U' p1 r: m  w% @$ D2 dSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\winspool.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\advapi32.lib:
5 w8 q6 `2 H7 w! V  w# ^! Q9 P( PSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shell32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comctl32.lib:
9 b8 N1 K% k) q# O1 ?4 L( [4 WSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shlwapi.lib:
6 ~2 B3 o  {+ @& K8 @Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\uuid.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oledlg.lib:
. x( G# V" m6 e  h( m+ DSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ole32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleaut32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\urlmon.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\OLDNAMES.lib:
( _, F0 R4 S/ `, f8 c. N, @/ A! MSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\atls.lib:
: C) q' z; l! }( w! hSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ws2_32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\mswsock.lib:
" R* R& i! @/ x; p9 _& V& j8 _Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleacc.lib:
" d3 D9 q% y- z: ]! \; V0 t* v3 WSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
Finished searching libraries
Searching libraries
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
9 X0 i3 D! I: r" CSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
% u: z" c; n, C4 s2 E6 {Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
2 Y7 s1 t. Z3 f$ z% E, j1 fSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcmt.lib:
- \6 _7 C! A( r) A% MSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\kernel32.lib:
+ d5 x0 ?) M3 N2 |, ^7 ^% ASearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\user32.lib:
) c' W; \9 E# O0 [Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\gdi32.lib:
0 v7 F1 S  M# V* [/ iSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\msimg32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comdlg32.lib:
0 x5 b* A' U. s/ Q0 c' _* RSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\winspool.lib:
# X+ D1 a0 `" ^Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\advapi32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shell32.lib:
- m  }8 S* y+ ~& h) oSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comctl32.lib:
- Z- T& A) E0 |; s& k5 ~Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shlwapi.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\uuid.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oledlg.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ole32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleaut32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\urlmon.lib:
* B  y' C4 {, N2 ^  m) }Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\OLDNAMES.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\atls.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ws2_32.lib:
2 ?: w( ~% [. s; nSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\mswsock.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleacc.lib:
/ d" h& i& _  s, T, D6 |) OSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
0 M" `" x1 U3 r4 C1 ?Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
; A# J1 N7 m7 \3 p* s, ]! pSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
1 G1 I% M' l- X) h# U3 I$ e" SSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
& X0 C9 t3 Y$ `0 ?: @2 f- TFinished searching libraries
.\Release/PerfMonDemo.exe : fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found
) |; P9 z( t7 u* [Build log was saved at "file://d:\Dev\Performance Monitor\Release\BuildLog.htm"
, F* p% |) X4 i! I9 d  k! y# |PerfMonDemo - 2 error(s), 0 warning(s)
: ~2 }. R  G& Q; o# k/ u* P========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========
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我们发现在libcpmt.lib声明过的operator new在nafxcw.lib中再次定义。
解决方法如下：
Project->Property->configuration Properties->Linker->Input->Additional Dependencies
加入
nafxcw.lib
% f7 M) J0 s6 N  F# ?libcpmt.lib
) c: ]) b7 s) V' LProject->Property->configuration Properties->Linker->Input->Ignore Specific Library
加入
8 a% D0 K, J* L; Dnafxcw.lib
1 b0 e* [* D8 h* v6 B! t4 |: mlibcpmt.lib
3 p7 v+ O" H4 o& M- l
  x& l& \; h7 l& n  f# T' l　　这样链接程序就不会先按照默认顺序来连接这两个库文件，而是在最后在加入对他们的引用.这样就避免了这个问题。下面是一张可能发生冲突的列表，若要使用此运行时库 请忽略这些库：
9 G+ _2 H: F2 B+ z. V% x
, O  _. {3 t2 ?1 I' j单线程：(libc.lib) libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
# E. }+ Y% e" P/ I多线程：(libcmt.lib) libc.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
使用 DLL 的多线程：(msvcrt.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
0 `5 r6 X- P& }( k: Z( E1 n调试单线程：(libcd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
调试多线程：(libcmtd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
: ]  S( o6 Q. m6 F6 [5 q8 _使用 DLL 的调试多线程：(msvcrtd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib

天云上人

msdn里面有解决的办法，在重新部署c++程序里面有说明，建议采用以下两种方式来重新发布 Visual C++ DLL。首先，可以使用 Visual C++ 可再发行的合并模块，将 Visual C++ 程序集安装为共享的并行程序集。
) ^+ i1 w3 r; `. u9 K9 }$ `& q7 y8 y$ \或者，可以使用在 Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\Redist 目录中提供的文件，将特定的 Visual C++ 程序集安装为应用程序的私有程序集，
( E, d7 v" N; B, d就是把Redist 目录中提供的文件的相应版本复制到应用程序目录。另外清单文件（.manifest）里面也可以看出是在哪个目录下搜索DLL文件。
, p; ~$ J1 }1 Q2 N; x3 P0 Y楼主的方法容易误导初学者
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2 M7 F1 n$ Y$ W) }4 m  R  ^- h! g( conry 发表于 2006-11-11 17:33:00)