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这个问题主要出现在XP环境下运行由Visual C++2003/2005编译的MFC程序时，问题现象是XP运行此类程序时，报错"由于应用程序配置不正确,应用程序未能启动.重新安装应用程序可能会纠正这个问题"。这个问题似乎许多人遇见过。在CSDN和微软社区里面都有人提到，但是没有完整的解决方案。这个问题的解决一共会遇见2个子问题：. V1 u0 Y+ S1 y! Z& g( s2 x8 Q$ A4 g; J
最早出现这个错误我和许多人认为的一样，认为是缺乏DLL库文件导致.但是在测试机复制了DLL甚至安装了.net framework 2.0以后都无法解决问题，最后确认不是由缺乏DLL所致，因为程序是纯win32的应用程,非托管代码，所以也无需.net framework。
w+ M+ v4 T$ Z& y Visual C++2003/2005默认的MFC程序是使用动态MFC库(Use MFC in a Shared DLL)来链接的，而动态MFC库使用的是Multi-threaded DLL (/MD)。由于XP对于PE文件格式监测更加严格。就会导致部分使用多线程DLL的可执行文件在调用的时候出错。修改项目属性的编译开关：1 ]3 v% t2 c7 N+ q# ^7 d
Project-> roperty->configuration Properties->C/C++->Code Generation->Runtime Library9 R/ h" W3 y! s
% C: p H) { u& T- G- p修改成Multi-threaded (/MT)/ A1 @7 {0 ]5 r6 l3 ]) w% H
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修改了Runtime类型以后, @+ i2 [6 E, X
" q. U; d+ L0 P7 S' S* C需要将MFC的编译类型也改成静态库：7 L+ u n; j! c# R
Project->roperty->configuration Properties->General->Use of MFC0 A* c4 b& f7 S* I: x
修改成Use MFC in a Static Library9 V% v' [$ ?$ S
8 L9 G( P4 D: ~- D5 X* G: [一部分情况下在这步就能解决问题
0 v# [" X( e6 U% n4 b- a7 V9 z另外一部分情况会遇见如下情况
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编译器报错：
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5 ^9 j$ m% C- m3 u- DCODE:
9 P) n* H" V% s& C4 Q( x, g$ V, Mnafxcw.lib(afxmem.obj) : error LNK2005: "void * __cdecl operator new[](unsigned int)" (??_U@YAPAXI@Z) already defined in libcpmt.lib(newaop.obj)
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0 A* B) E: f' X G& g产生这个问题的原因是库依赖关系：
) Y& Q+ Y9 M0 T+ E5 Z% c$ c在Project->roperty->configuration Properties->Linker->Command Line, \& [: n6 `, ?$ y3 Z- [$ `
加入编译开关/verbose:lib可以显示详细的库链接顺序0 u8 [$ v: B+ w. a" R8 Y
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CODE:2 @+ G6 i, [% L* g7 f0 v% [6 N8 f
0 R) v; l: }0 R2 x4 U------ Build started: Project: PerfMonDemo, Configuration: Release Win32 ------% \0 `8 T- `3 o y9 i" N
Linking...
* A% L% Y3 b p* lSearching libraries
+ h# f- y: U# [) j3 j* @Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:& j& m) D1 N2 p& K' B4 R
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
0 s& A. {2 ~9 y3 ?Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:$ U5 R; p! C- Q; v" N! _! v I( y
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:- s7 i0 T0 a$ |$ l) n7 s, c
nafxcw.lib(afxmem.obj) : error LNK2005: "void * __cdecl operator new[](unsigned int)" (??_U@YAPAXI@Z) already defined in libcpmt.lib(newaop.obj)- Q9 D6 F$ L) d& S7 Z' a4 n
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcmt.lib:
. w q+ \8 G( V. q. |( e& JSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\kernel32.lib:
# @" U' ]8 j* FSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\user32.lib:0 Z! C) q' k P7 u8 k
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\gdi32.lib:; H6 k$ X' N. n: P7 j4 o
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\msimg32.lib:
" S! @7 z% n% WSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comdlg32.lib:
. P5 ]7 U# a" ?8 a: G+ @Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\winspool.lib:
( d6 g! y5 V0 {" o4 y( M: OSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\advapi32.lib:# S* m9 T1 B y' j% k. ?
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shell32.lib:2 |# X4 b2 w5 s0 B" O
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comctl32.lib:/ L* }7 U9 u1 m! C
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shlwapi.lib:% X7 W8 J0 ?# }: J' x3 g) p+ n
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\uuid.lib:% U+ Y, L3 ^5 p4 G5 p7 m
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oledlg.lib:) l# f+ h: H; O8 T- ^
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ole32.lib:
" k% u) W9 p+ d, a8 `Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleaut32.lib:
9 O3 @5 i& {1 }/ d! w9 R$ @/ xSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\urlmon.lib:# K0 {$ v# [3 S6 _" x# P6 H
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\OLDNAMES.lib:' }* ?5 X- s, y6 X' I" Y5 H
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\atls.lib:
7 m( P4 Z; {' L+ `7 M8 f4 M3 V3 CSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ws2_32.lib:% }* S% T Y5 E
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\mswsock.lib:
/ \/ ~5 E9 Q1 T. w% ySearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleacc.lib:; e, A6 g+ U# c" o) o
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:( W( U8 f4 Z- f0 z$ A% A
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:' j$ `5 U! d9 B. k3 H* N
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:9 | m" ~! {, O2 t
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:2 e1 E3 i. X7 L$ Z' s, a R* W
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcmt.lib:9 f+ G/ b2 E3 ^8 s; C. c" @
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\kernel32.lib:* _/ t- R. P y" x
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\user32.lib:
8 z# h! G2 T+ j1 i- j uSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\gdi32.lib:, j+ s1 v) t t0 x
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\msimg32.lib:, Y& ]7 b8 M u8 u- L
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comdlg32.lib:6 k) g d: i0 m ?" s1 Z
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\winspool.lib:) b; P8 v. Y; Z& v$ {' k, a
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\advapi32.lib:
, x5 G9 s3 V! [( g% aSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shell32.lib:
# ?6 t+ S- t5 A$ u* ^9 j2 {2 \Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comctl32.lib:6 B) C- l6 D5 O( U1 Q1 u6 N
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shlwapi.lib:
% D2 p& i. y% wSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\uuid.lib:& U3 J6 m w4 t' b( b0 ?5 A1 t! v
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oledlg.lib:
* p" o4 `6 a4 |$ z3 I* u. z7 K) LSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ole32.lib:: e# d2 [' B3 C b7 z4 f. |
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleaut32.lib:
d Z: _: i' ?; S; y. S4 MSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\urlmon.lib:* w r7 c' x- z
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\OLDNAMES.lib:
" V, E* \' H' v; lSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\atls.lib:
) L6 H5 O+ G6 p6 w/ B( [2 BSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ws2_32.lib:1 A8 Y4 P6 N9 B3 l" T* q2 W# J
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\mswsock.lib:5 h2 v, W) f* [3 u0 B9 R* b& o7 |4 Z) F
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleacc.lib:. C1 o- S1 \6 W1 z% Q4 }4 l
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:7 f) Z2 F' M6 c
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
! z2 H) H: ^3 YSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:' K S* J; O+ u: {$ o2 y+ b/ ?
Finished searching libraries" b. U" h/ M& ^; e, u
Searching libraries4 |* f3 B: e9 z+ W/ ]9 T% u5 \
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
6 h9 r4 [6 V$ g9 zSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
+ o3 ]' O9 k2 A0 \8 d' FSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:1 Q6 e3 r0 D% t! n
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
" d P1 N ^$ O" _( ~. p$ ISearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcmt.lib:+ ~, G, `* W4 ?) F8 b; K; R% }
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\kernel32.lib:0 Z6 t9 {7 t7 O
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\user32.lib:" a& J% ? w9 U2 r3 ]5 X
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\gdi32.lib:
! {4 f0 e. [. v k/ _/ ySearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\msimg32.lib:& D8 v1 F( y2 i9 n8 {
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comdlg32.lib:
7 n; ]1 w1 E9 l) B t3 W) j ASearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\winspool.lib:2 g- o0 D# w- R+ h" e' Q0 ^ _# W
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\advapi32.lib:$ Z- _$ u& w/ ?. J- Y8 h
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shell32.lib:
$ m. k- O6 H8 N% j+ s# [ ?, qSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comctl32.lib:
) h) y g B6 q* MSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shlwapi.lib:
" {3 @" b4 F2 Y- ]+ _% m; b4 ZSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\uuid.lib: H# }- B! }+ P: @# c7 g
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oledlg.lib:* a: A/ @& e+ t9 i+ c6 H2 o0 }
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ole32.lib:9 V- Z- [0 |* f. H# r# ]
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleaut32.lib:6 Q6 N9 d' _' t: L! V( b
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\urlmon.lib:
- `% y! K1 L/ P& dSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\OLDNAMES.lib:
7 E( h8 m) G, w3 a6 WSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\atls.lib:" q# O. n0 N& _6 u: ~
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ws2_32.lib: d3 E U: h) Q. ?
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\mswsock.lib:
! M2 n/ }' E+ I$ [! r( o dSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleacc.lib:
. p/ e! }. t/ W, ]+ c# h6 mSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
' B: X; f' `$ |2 E* {" MSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:0 {2 X+ q. h6 O* r5 T; ^$ w! A
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:; L% z% c: r. o( R
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
1 ~+ U5 C2 ` U. iFinished searching libraries8 k2 k4 J, N' ?4 X
.\Release/PerfMonDemo.exe : fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found
" w2 }4 x5 ]6 P. A( w+ LBuild log was saved at "file://d:\Dev\Performance Monitor\Release\BuildLog.htm"1 o- ]7 z- |4 v x% ?* {
PerfMonDemo - 2 error(s), 0 warning(s)
4 f e8 Q& L4 ]$ U( e========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========6 D9 l S% q6 g! Y
) j" l5 U' `& p我们发现在libcpmt.lib声明过的operator new在nafxcw.lib中再次定义。7 l& y1 {: _* t5 o0 F- L! A
解决方法如下：; E$ x9 h9 K5 Y# p, _* K
Project->Property->configuration Properties->Linker->Input->Additional Dependencies
3 ~# m/ @8 K, o/ B! M加入
6 ]* q3 O2 H3 z# V( d8 Unafxcw.lib
( g+ U) N9 L* K# Flibcpmt.lib
+ z; v( p$ T- YProject->Property->configuration Properties->Linker->Input->Ignore Specific Library3 n6 j% F6 K' k X
加入7 k; V6 ?% n+ D: [# c/ D
nafxcw.lib
: w. s- c2 ]# B1 R% B" T+ {. zlibcpmt.lib
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: f/ p+ b- d& J8 [, \ 这样链接程序就不会先按照默认顺序来连接这两个库文件，而是在最后在加入对他们的引用.这样就避免了这个问题。下面是一张可能发生冲突的列表，若要使用此运行时库 请忽略这些库：" W: _& u9 n& |
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单线程：(libc.lib) libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
" J8 U! M+ w' o# {多线程：(libcmt.lib) libc.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib ; Q _2 H9 B. V
使用 DLL 的多线程：(msvcrt.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
$ O4 d3 M1 S0 B7 F1 \/ B5 {: Y调试单线程：(libcd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
$ f8 p0 z% G: N/ W% G! ^调试多线程：(libcmtd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、msvcrtd.lib . U- W# J$ }7 H, l
使用 DLL 的调试多线程：(msvcrtd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib |
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