|
Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者). p( f; ~+ ~9 x+ A. H
& z' f9 s3 Y& E; p
6 _4 K& b+ G1 u" T! Y3 U% }. e3 Q' j
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------0 Z6 |: o; l% _
WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
! o z- O% {$ q+ m 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
6 f6 E5 |4 Z; V3 w 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
, `5 a# c2 J% r1 u+ O/ u 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 ; I$ F' p+ X- [2 b! P& Z
5 K: x7 |& ?- ]' U/ c1 C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 l; l2 n+ G& H' W3 OBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面4 C6 m; D- P- O; J
0 j) P. B2 @$ S1 j( _--------------------------------------------------------------------------------, @7 F1 G0 r/ O( a; r+ J
① 初始化 COM 接口:
& |5 N) h: a& A! E1 K( k: a 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。, R# r6 _9 w, f) |) C
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
: O3 }0 S, W3 h/ `0 S* B1 u7 D2 F. T( ?/ l& j3 d$ u
② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
9 q7 Q2 {$ |, P/ ^ CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
7 Y0 L( `+ j. V8 q 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。 x+ h2 } d6 n+ j# z
# I5 ]- A# w. A& ]6 E0 G③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
: o3 k4 S# B0 H% f) g8 j' ? 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
+ d8 C) N$ |# X$ ~4 l9 T! u/ ~; f
void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
( g. V6 C7 O; n0 _+ p{1 _4 Z+ W' s4 T S# c7 v1 _
IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;5 s0 X" ~& r7 l6 E. L0 S
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
* M, `1 F0 Y4 ^5 R+ ~ {
- g% `% A, r" {& C- B2 l IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
3 X- x; k; | y5 V WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
. M: l' \5 [! j6 f! P# o& o if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)3 y! ]: v4 v: i; M
{
" @! s3 I y5 P% G( s9 p$ ~7 @ IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
4 M5 N' g9 G3 T( ?: v( w! P WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
- Y& t) U& n4 l5 ~1 E if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
/ V/ v- c4 D. I9 f) N0 K5 R. L7 d5 P; p {
. k6 s: W* P/ g5 t5 v2 x/ R3 \1 V- [- w IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
2 B) f: x" F3 ~* _) P ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
Z i1 S! e7 r/ V, D# L if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
3 \6 t1 f/ }1 ^% n9 l- a' U {
% c/ T4 S: i Z int iEnumIdx = 0;
6 }0 ?* W* B3 F9 u% f' ^1 G while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
" `8 x2 L. _% `, ] {" p0 g; d2 I j5 f5 T$ |
lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");& n/ P; U: y- S) o
% [& ~; F1 K! N2 F- y1 m
SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
) [) s) C2 k. e v if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)) ~; x, n9 c. \! W$ h
{
: k$ Q8 R( _, E7 e$ y long vbl, vbu;
# m: L, {) _0 r! z SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
: [" `6 R! u, O SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);4 X) J+ ]$ k) X; x; M; J1 c t
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)+ X7 F5 ?3 h' b, _, `4 ]9 ]
{
, T- c( q; O' Q& B/ W1 D; {. d long aidx = idx;, k6 x2 S0 l; q) R2 n: D
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
4 \. n1 M; O& C# A/ T% w+ x. g: c6 | VARIANT vValue;
: e3 \6 {6 M: O& y# g* R% k VariantInit(&vValue);8 m3 ]/ t& {& s
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);( Y2 n8 z# { w; ]6 _) u( ^
% L' C/ w6 L# h; ?+ H0 L1 e+ K BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
3 Q' i O6 |& j3 G' o9 ?8 o4 h HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
0 Q% ^7 S2 ?. w SysFreeString(bs);
) m- Z2 n8 E O F I
$ x) V) ^7 ^+ w, t, I* G: @ if(hRes == S_OK)
; P. z- e: R7 @8 b8 R0 I4 O {! `6 ]0 O, T# K5 @. G& J+ F1 K
AnsiString s;( i& A6 t' r3 f2 ^. H! C! x1 P
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
) G, ^- S( e4 [- n" H6 B* l+ I if(v.IsArray())
$ N5 E; s% o( |+ }9 M6 t4 I$ I; k {
4 \- b- \& M. J4 J( Z for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)8 e) X4 s) [6 u4 g6 Z4 M! k
{
) Z: _: u v; i Variant a = v.GetElement(i); B/ n4 U" A y6 j9 y
if(!s.IsEmpty())
+ R: m- [4 Y# j- g) Q( B' }' D" |' J s+=", ";2 j0 N' M( f8 v3 v
s+=VarToStr(a);
( P- P5 l% P \4 d$ e) r }% J/ }' ]' i# v
}( _- w. E/ [( F8 |* r
else9 d" {+ X( M) ~$ k
{
. i5 K/ L" P! o/ R s = VarToStr(v);
5 y9 H ^0 ]! R! t* P0 J4 U, H }
# p2 j+ q" N/ f+ F8 x lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
- z) O5 s* C6 D- T& R6 f* F6 o7 o }
& w i# p) E$ ~$ F0 a7 I: |8 g W2 n! P# @8 N% p
VariantClear(&vValue);8 N. w; {& D9 K# D- H0 l" E
SysFreeString(wsName);7 s. `7 M+ K. g
}
% J; W" }' [+ l( }( e }
2 i; e( Z+ Y0 [ if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
8 B/ ^! c" G* y8 h3 N7 a# z iEnumIdx++;
$ ]7 q/ M( ?( z% K& I& n }. T4 I. |7 C. d; ^9 d
}, |6 f( E$ Y2 G# W
if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();9 g: _( S, E$ r4 j& b# ?0 A$ C3 p
}& e" H0 x1 o4 ]+ i" E
if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();8 P% k, W' E; A' k
}8 G# n9 \4 q1 _' M6 c2 ^9 u/ K
if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
3 ?' s3 o0 }" E; }+ [ }6 F. p- F1 t% q/ B3 ]1 ^
if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();- N7 S4 j# v) D2 b% Z. ~
}0 E6 F' a5 n7 B! `& q) z! B
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; y) s9 J0 Z8 p$ ~( ?1 L
& Z8 c& P2 L) r) X0 |) \" D// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:6 W4 y1 e5 `. f6 S0 f
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender); _) G) |3 {3 j( }( F
{
# m6 p2 M8 {* [ Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
' t9 `% y( J7 ~ GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");. T- b2 u# {) S: ]2 R
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
6 B* O7 W& v2 w% g% j" _. }}
( y. Y) }( A' D, M& ], v) w2 t. h2 o0 g
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. ^! m U+ o4 X. `, u- e/ m
0 p) x- v P m6 L* }. QWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:, G. O: D0 u) J0 z5 ]9 _' x& e
Win32_1394Controller- o8 w# V* i6 [! L- j3 o7 Y: A2 H
Win32_BaseBoard& h" Q# c9 b) Q ?$ T
Win32_Battery
; d& t( r) x0 h Win32_BIOS3 A2 Q0 L" x# `9 l; r v
Win32_Bus, O3 \2 g$ H* @8 @; M" v/ V
Win32_CacheMemory
6 q3 \" f6 i8 ~. m/ E3 X Win32_CDROMDrive
0 b5 M4 p4 F2 p9 e# Y L2 I6 x Win32_CurrentProbe2 G, m& g3 w3 y0 H
Win32_DesktopMonitor
( a: D) @9 a, S" e* l; V m Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
5 l8 U; @) a; u9 ]/ [ Win32_DiskDrive
( U0 E& O- u7 Y# T Win32_DisplayConfiguration
2 H+ I) [' f" M& M Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration7 T% U6 b; _1 y4 L1 D$ ?$ P8 H
Win32_DMAChannel9 M# w1 ]* r5 A& _' B2 `
Win32_Fan8 m! L# ?( i" D/ m
Win32_FloppyController1 m* h7 Z5 Q0 H( `
Win32_FloppyDrive
- U, P% C9 O- m Win32_HeatPipe
: p8 u) a$ o( i. S6 G! y Win32_IDEController$ c& \2 B( O# i1 I" N7 E8 u
Win32_InfraredDevice
2 }6 _7 `: _. g! |5 u( L# a9 ~5 C Win32_IRQResource6 w6 X2 l( J% c
Win32_Keyboard1 d' k) O+ s, x/ `8 s
Win32_MemoryArray
; j- [( N" C5 |5 Z- ^ Win32_MemoryDevice: l6 o, g+ n: K! e3 o
Win32_MotherboardDevice ~$ w! ~5 D+ c4 u
Win32_NetworkAdapter
3 g! Z6 @! n9 K/ T+ X4 Y: L Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
" q8 E% p/ L7 g' q) y- i/ n/ Z Win32_OnBoardDevice
7 j: m& k; _! _7 P1 D$ q; A Win32_ParallelPort1 M4 n8 }0 P6 u2 e1 Z4 v
Win32_PCMCIAController9 i# j& W. ?# E2 h$ S
Win32_PhysicalMemory% A" y* f0 ^; X$ h9 j$ d0 {. Q/ z" ?$ R
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
6 \4 N5 D! Q9 \& W$ M l6 Z1 ~0 @ Win32_PnPEntity
0 p# @, D. X8 Z. X7 Y0 ]% b& R Win32_PointingDevice8 q, n# _7 g% P/ F
Win32_PortableBattery7 m/ [( M1 {) G; y5 j+ Y
Win32_PortConnector0 J- b" H& s/ `
Win32_PortResource
2 j1 S- l' ]( a8 U ` Win32_POTSModem/ r' I3 o! J' M7 Z- n
Win32_PowerManagementEvent# i3 G* {- D3 G& J" Z: T
Win32_Printer
- x" d% R" F- p8 W1 B7 k Win32_PrinterConfiguration
0 ^0 l5 w9 ]9 |$ l* a% z9 W Win32_PrintJob# D8 U$ y4 S& S1 D5 D& {1 U+ `
Win32_Processor
9 b/ g5 h+ [4 |; w* Y9 F Win32_Refrigeration9 V0 c! a7 L% M; v
Win32_SerialPort7 {$ [9 z8 b ?" t, l; P7 S
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration: m$ E* q. R" X7 o ?6 k
Win32_SMBIOSMemory: ~/ \ J6 J) ]4 u* k( d
Win32_SoundDevice/ ]1 s2 o$ ^7 G; S! y& K
Win32_SystemEnclosure
$ N, M2 Q, B7 Y' ]* n# {" g' | Win32_SystemMemoryResource; F# a: B6 }& g0 |5 S6 F& m/ N/ L
Win32_SystemSlot" a! D# I* q+ ?, c5 m
Win32_TapeDrive5 N m! N1 Q# b( F, [# A9 |( ^
Win32_TemperatureProbe
. H. L5 r9 p. s/ i% k0 m% G; @: E Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
3 ^: t1 ]$ h2 u' k% O" x; j6 Y Win32_USBController+ ^' B F4 k3 R1 ^8 ~, x9 Y
Win32_VideoConfiguration& @6 e* `2 d, R0 {
Win32_VideoController3 k* L# h. u1 D3 X: H* ?/ P; M
Win32_VoltageProbe) C7 U; D! e n; Z
/ T; u: o1 ?) J1 m t: N; Z以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
|