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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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; r- Z& ]& s Q" S+ e7 aWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)* M i2 L7 Y) g1 ~' t
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 # {3 t1 j5 `6 M* x* {; \2 ~
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
P$ R/ r. g+ Y4 e* k 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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1 e" r% m- t' h7 d, wBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
( P5 |* E, [, a" y 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
: j. F1 ^- X$ F. y7 n" o" ]$ Q 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
$ }' \; }7 u7 B CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
, x2 _" |2 @% b# C0 A# P 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。+ |$ N: u8 _9 y6 m
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
* o7 [7 u5 j2 G 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。9 D1 U; C6 O& A9 C" [2 y5 z: J8 l
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
# f0 s- V7 U# @ if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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! O' B4 m3 u) i) `& m% D' K3 f! _ IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;' s' y& B( ]: S3 m1 V. L
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
" s# ]$ g7 A8 \3 ?1 K" u if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;$ x& H4 f2 ]9 r y; v
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
9 g2 z5 H' f# Q& c1 P5 X$ K if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)( p" r# T, Q' k' B" K8 p' G
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
" k2 F1 {) @! T- a ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;7 J3 _* o, \) |% x( l! |) q
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;
0 r. M, `5 e+ l' k8 D% D+ u while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK), |' }1 }: h# R
{
3 t+ K! C4 G) j lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");! A# T3 o; @5 D, [! N
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;2 ?: Q* _. e5 ~# E- L
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)! Z% p& U* K6 u
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long vbl, vbu;% f; j0 H' y& B3 w- Z: R
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);& g1 k9 f4 z. l- j6 S9 Q6 ]1 J; O/ {, s
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);' x0 z! m# d! F2 W' S, \; b
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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; I: k/ E/ c7 p: W3 k9 A5 x long aidx = idx;
% r0 h8 h$ t1 [6 ] wchar_t *wsName = 0;
, `& U9 E$ q5 |. ]0 I VARIANT vValue;
0 x4 q/ v8 C) G5 [ VariantInit(&vValue);% f& `: p- G( H% w; `
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);0 Z* a0 n* B O- j! R9 L
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);- }2 B" x: Y' h/ Q! S8 t
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);+ l5 i4 D; p; v7 {% j5 i4 E; T/ J
SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)
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6 O7 m* f- z, v; U1 W L4 m% t& f AnsiString s;# `8 a7 Y5 x- C! Q
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;; r* D/ u) N' A0 }$ m
if(v.IsArray())0 y- z8 a: h# A
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)6 s. P4 w4 K1 w: @0 M
{
4 v) H3 d" |% T, j Variant a = v.GetElement(i);% d- r6 T |# Q7 S3 Q7 h
if(!s.IsEmpty())# ^0 ` j& p+ B, \9 J( g
s+=", ";0 b, K# I/ e/ H _3 Z! O# h
s+=VarToStr(a);( v- l2 G$ l* L1 O/ Z! C' @4 o
}
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else
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# ^$ p+ x, L% E3 D* X0 n s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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6 b* l' V$ r' I6 s( s VariantClear(&vValue);; s* w7 V8 t& H
SysFreeString(wsName);" Q7 J( R; E( a* k: R7 m) H/ K
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}
0 l7 n7 v5 e7 U# M- {( M if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
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}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();9 v7 c2 T; a! w
}
* V* R) O# H& X& r) e4 A if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();; f" [* t! M5 Q! [2 z
}
; M) z9 S! `- d9 o6 ] if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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% ^" x& h' Q* P//---------------------------------------------------------------------------4 u4 I% e) @( v( `
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
' I% r# p; ^0 s G, P1 Ivoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)8 E0 U; e/ j" T7 H" J
{
% ?% T* L% l+ P2 C; j- k Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
# R3 y8 N6 s& Z2 i GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");" U. n4 o; g% }; }, @1 C
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:% U3 A" p, r7 c l
Win32_1394Controller& `! D4 Y4 w' L2 k$ X6 \
Win32_BaseBoard
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: c0 K- A" l$ \; b8 l" M9 `, z$ i Win32_BIOS8 v) O- ~; ]! Q
Win32_Bus. J; w7 ]: M- o( q& l; H6 {
Win32_CacheMemory
2 z8 ^6 z) g/ F9 b3 E Win32_CDROMDrive6 I5 q1 g0 `5 n/ p! e4 r4 X$ O
Win32_CurrentProbe
8 h a R( _2 H" Z Win32_DesktopMonitor
/ b/ s( F p. ]- d Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
3 T# {$ Q9 [ R9 N- V0 y" B' @$ B Win32_DiskDrive& I* [; v/ c- z( ^: O6 P7 d* U
Win32_DisplayConfiguration' g6 ~ r2 o) X! H
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
6 _3 f, c( S9 y7 U1 F7 J$ h8 i Win32_DMAChannel
2 k' ~' I; ^4 c* h, Z Win32_Fan
8 _5 Z' A7 s! S) y( v Win32_FloppyController: p. O* Y7 v% i
Win32_FloppyDrive: n+ w) [! e! q1 n8 w5 b
Win32_HeatPipe
" w! c+ C0 r ?. e% j. E9 [ Win32_IDEController. g/ @+ [% M9 c, h- R% F
Win32_InfraredDevice) F P: {( o; V' P8 s
Win32_IRQResource
7 O0 w6 M9 y8 \" S( h4 S& Z* x* } Win32_Keyboard, M+ d7 G) N/ h2 n" t$ Z5 S P
Win32_MemoryArray1 U3 p& B k4 q; D
Win32_MemoryDevice
, |$ J6 B+ q& E+ p5 i1 Z1 R Win32_MotherboardDevice; q2 P" c/ n; [6 g( Q) A/ m5 a
Win32_NetworkAdapter
: u( @+ _# L% z# F Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
) O( M, Z' P0 ?! {6 g Win32_OnBoardDevice$ i. A: ^5 O4 s% n w" I w
Win32_ParallelPort
: s7 n* u/ U1 B3 u V Win32_PCMCIAController# V+ A( N8 a8 O( \
Win32_PhysicalMemory0 }6 [, E* k! n* g' D6 i6 n2 t
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
% Y* `% Z1 H2 I0 Z Win32_PnPEntity
/ N+ a( N) g! l+ ^ Win32_PointingDevice ] U, F K5 h) w5 x4 y; Y0 a
Win32_PortableBattery
9 Q$ M' y& Z, k Win32_PortConnector
+ h; y3 q7 x# N Win32_PortResource
+ H8 ^9 u' ?; G Win32_POTSModem
* U, ]9 q; ]$ f, S Win32_PowerManagementEvent
: d' n. i8 W6 e: n* O Win32_Printer
. \3 y' j4 H4 ?' g, k Win32_PrinterConfiguration) `% G$ |' a8 _) z, b( {4 F) v
Win32_PrintJob
: s4 x) `6 `6 y) P* [0 A Win32_Processor
5 O) m# U0 V9 m3 n5 g' \ Win32_Refrigeration2 t, {4 J2 }* M; f& v5 |- v; X0 R
Win32_SerialPort
0 p' C5 \0 d" u6 S Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
1 L' G: @6 Y. _( z; A5 H Win32_SMBIOSMemory2 Y. b. F0 P# E# S2 @
Win32_SoundDevice
0 h4 i! J* n8 U- H5 g9 I Win32_SystemEnclosure* ^6 x3 d) ?5 C# N1 _
Win32_SystemMemoryResource* v0 j7 B# @6 S% }7 W% ~5 g
Win32_SystemSlot3 `* p7 a5 E& ^2 s4 c. V
Win32_TapeDrive6 B) X& S3 R' n$ ~: R% e/ R( F
Win32_TemperatureProbe! o' \ e( Q9 ?
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
2 ?! G8 g( M' c) \5 o Win32_USBController$ y0 j6 f, i3 \' t% A- v
Win32_VideoConfiguration
" J% e5 S9 r, ^2 j" B# A0 y! s a0 H Win32_VideoController
, a. @" i/ e8 Y5 x: W4 \ Win32_VoltageProbe& N$ S( d. c5 @! x3 R' X$ m
* B) A7 S5 p7 z2 R$ L以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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