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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)* E6 j1 Y+ q4 C8 t, Z
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 / U, _0 X$ ]8 ?, u+ G3 W
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
7 }$ f, x+ p U) q, m 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面7 Z5 U" {, j; `
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
$ N5 r; Q8 ?7 B0 v 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。$ f/ ^, b1 a4 h# G0 D7 k3 U( X
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。( N1 q; z# m: D& `+ o1 A8 w
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
( ~3 K* l+ T( a: B9 ] CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
* P4 E1 x2 k' o' k 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
' X) f7 L; o' q+ a) O 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。. A8 ]2 N8 d, J0 a5 G$ P
/ O" o5 } o' rvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)9 O/ |( i: ?+ {' {7 n5 Z
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
' v2 q$ ]" w; X m if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
2 R9 V+ Y3 m* R/ i* s {
. T7 E1 a6 N, y" D0 q2 U/ S IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
1 |4 w2 C4 W$ a3 `3 x5 S0 p8 q8 p WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
1 e5 b$ N% }* U if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)& r- L& ~7 O4 }* V4 p, V! l% w
{
3 ~$ G4 L+ Y! n0 D2 u IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
+ o) T( c( A* e: S: ? WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;* I$ L/ H) b2 p l9 @" U: N
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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2 S% f6 U3 \$ w0 V7 M IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
& T% H- g' ?$ e ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned; g$ a9 f" [( j9 _. l( U
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)8 H7 C1 ? m5 A" T
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int iEnumIdx = 0;: q* i& p" M( S* g* a0 \ k
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
! z" w4 e/ N& |2 N$ z if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)0 q' x7 {% B F/ `* L9 u
{
1 n8 U+ t9 u4 q6 H; @ long vbl, vbu;
5 v* X; L. C: {, w# q SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);4 [0 N9 p: U; `% _0 o0 ?1 p
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);: m3 s( g# C& Y( _
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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& C3 I2 a+ w- w, Q) n. f long aidx = idx;1 t2 u3 H2 r+ }* Q% r, e
wchar_t *wsName = 0;) r0 V1 X! u; M; L1 y4 C3 E- u
VARIANT vValue;' Y' s, E4 i0 Z
VariantInit(&vValue);
( n+ Q+ C* W; G4 A6 b8 v2 w s SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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' a, `) E8 j5 F- _7 d BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);' a q7 Y0 N2 u) K: g' E |
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
. K: M a+ j4 |; T P& a! p2 G& b SysFreeString(bs);, J0 X2 _8 r; X: g7 C( R
6 d) t( y- [# x' q- Z) i6 z if(hRes == S_OK)8 d' f8 {2 E# x8 |7 H
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AnsiString s;
m# u% c6 i5 {$ l' `# h Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
1 R* T) @7 O: t, ~! e* H3 K, v) _& W if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)/ ?0 f* I& M: s+ T3 |, ^! X ?
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);, Z5 i: v9 E* y7 a' j
if(!s.IsEmpty())
5 \5 f: o4 w {0 s3 z: ]! | w s+=", ";
" f2 p- P* R3 h1 K4 m s+=VarToStr(a);
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{
8 w/ x% K( I4 L) p s = VarToStr(v);
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" G& l. h6 Y7 I# }4 g. X( X lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);$ ^- [0 G5 A7 z5 n' s, b# ]; s. R7 K5 o
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VariantClear(&vValue);
% s- T& ~* k" z L SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
9 r) B4 f$ n1 f: s' m iEnumIdx++;
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W/ i9 L2 t. Z9 G/ k: Q& S if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();: X7 S2 X( @ S( c- Q6 t
}
( z2 @0 a$ B- ] if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();) F$ {' s. }) q' d+ w
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();* }8 N+ ]+ C* k% p K
}
. n' Q7 G* k( ~4 g if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();1 J; E" }% o2 w$ b2 \
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------# P, a$ b2 i* F
/ Y, g) C9 Z2 m4 H$ _// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
j8 A7 [3 Q# o3 r. bvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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' a% t" f* h4 P; j) V( N$ A Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");! s/ W ^2 L" j, g
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");6 J, J6 B9 M E( Z
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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+ }( f; G9 K; q% DWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:7 g( ^, {% ^) r
Win32_1394Controller
. V* v* Q8 L1 Z! b Win32_BaseBoard
( ?+ v9 w& ?7 G( a- t Win32_Battery5 b8 K6 R2 X6 Y3 e
Win32_BIOS
9 k$ H# c1 |% D4 l+ {0 |. M Win32_Bus* n6 R' T. r. J# [! m
Win32_CacheMemory6 O6 U* j9 O4 X% W. i
Win32_CDROMDrive
3 e+ V' B1 ~. h5 ?. F: i/ O5 x Win32_CurrentProbe1 V2 R9 i$ q# V! o; Z( [
Win32_DesktopMonitor* o; S+ E2 J# k
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
* |, h; u% B# L z& f1 v: e3 Y1 p Win32_DiskDrive
5 o) \) v+ C1 s, {/ { Win32_DisplayConfiguration
( z' Z' E4 k. }6 c Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
$ q8 t# I# u9 `0 c Win32_DMAChannel* X, W8 y! z* y X ` d2 W2 m
Win32_Fan
% V# _) `$ o# i6 y3 B" T% s Win32_FloppyController3 U" c" j0 Y% v% x, _
Win32_FloppyDrive
5 }4 K o- n7 ^( n Win32_HeatPipe3 ^* Y$ U' K# W7 i' K
Win32_IDEController
1 _( F _8 l; z Win32_InfraredDevice
# o5 x- V9 s8 h. _! v" i) Q* E1 U Win32_IRQResource# H2 t1 E& I' T) ^# u4 D
Win32_Keyboard4 ~8 [1 h+ H: ]
Win32_MemoryArray
- q5 ]. K; e7 J Win32_MemoryDevice6 |# |# ?% h( I# T/ c! `6 H% d
Win32_MotherboardDevice4 }* J& u5 M4 I; Z/ D* ^
Win32_NetworkAdapter
4 E. _6 Z9 m {6 U7 X0 \( ?1 m Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
0 x; `. _/ a0 t! t8 b+ O& ? Win32_OnBoardDevice
" Y- Q, t+ z9 ^0 P, P$ i Win32_ParallelPort
; _$ i/ Q! H& v" I7 z6 [ Win32_PCMCIAController
( S) s; @$ f' } Win32_PhysicalMemory
8 B! ?1 d+ w. E0 y- y Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
4 P6 D# I4 \8 R' x Win32_PnPEntity
2 r- t% q6 w! n Win32_PointingDevice% i% }' J! T9 N6 Y W1 l8 s
Win32_PortableBattery# `5 A( C$ L1 {3 \. q2 ?0 n, s
Win32_PortConnector
6 C. u1 U* Q+ |) M Win32_PortResource
- S1 k( J/ W- K% c7 a Win32_POTSModem4 z" o; J* H4 @) ], n
Win32_PowerManagementEvent" w: J) x" [$ p% D# p4 G
Win32_Printer* d. V7 }5 R) y' M
Win32_PrinterConfiguration, s7 l0 ?4 j$ B( s: R6 m3 S
Win32_PrintJob
+ E, a# C' a# H Win32_Processor
; C- h* d4 N' g. R, d" Z Win32_Refrigeration' a% U" f8 J. |9 ]) i
Win32_SerialPort9 ~/ l1 x) ?1 v L# a
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration8 m7 T7 i. H8 w6 Z+ V2 r
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
) G. d) S5 C. a* ]; U1 M Win32_SoundDevice( ~% I; L" d( Y Z" R
Win32_SystemEnclosure- `+ P x1 X1 @) H8 t! l& @/ O
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
6 m1 v5 c6 u6 H Win32_SystemSlot
( s2 z0 Z: ?7 {- R! g Win32_TapeDrive6 o" p7 n! j9 L& Q. }
Win32_TemperatureProbe% R/ R7 `% p: j" Z' A. |
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply; Z4 @& W$ q K& e- a# b- C/ M |+ P
Win32_USBController
- \9 ?- ]1 L7 t5 D8 H h% o9 s Win32_VideoConfiguration; ]' `; c# H9 i% E
Win32_VideoController# P! K) m; z. k( s; d4 R5 b
Win32_VoltageProbe' M2 U" q }3 e$ m" R
6 _; `, u- b3 e& D- ?以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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