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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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0 [$ o. T* E9 B; [WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)( s! I. f( L: a2 a! Z5 E$ N, s* J
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 " F4 i, w0 F6 M; D6 Y& b
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
# N0 P& R. _6 m 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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① 初始化 COM 接口:0 q9 O8 h! G1 p9 V* }! d/ `" @
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。: @+ Q+ v X! H: ^
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。0 ?+ m( c9 Z6 O7 R! A* v
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:, c" [# u4 Y$ J( O- ]$ H9 ~
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
" K, S& U; P. O2 P H& Q; X 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
/ }' U7 P2 y; `* ^5 ]$ q! A8 |% S. z- N 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)2 p! D$ }6 ?+ q
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
1 U7 a) t) Q0 h* j( U& f if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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, Y) v4 P% `) G! J0 q3 Z* y3 H& h6 r IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;; y/ P# e H6 |6 u. D% i
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
. l% ]0 _$ ~ V4 K if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK) F- @* U4 z" ] P" u! U+ }/ M9 \
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;' n; i) K/ l- v" a& A
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;& O" G# Z9 H/ I R
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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; {4 g. M& t* q$ N; s3 ? IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;' f* w' z! _, k4 u* u
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
# {2 L M& w" I/ Z3 l" Z9 @2 ] if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)) d$ y/ \$ F; L5 l( d
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int iEnumIdx = 0;
7 f3 ]+ v+ f9 _8 C3 O1 w$ D: } while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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- J, v8 s9 C1 Z) N% o lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");3 v. E, n2 m* b/ @; E3 g+ A( b
. {. F( o- c) z* E& e SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;! F! g+ H2 I& q1 [
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;
* U5 v* H, a8 v6 z6 ?: E SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
& k @ r( w9 k( R' H SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
& W( `9 m1 S! j, s for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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: w! s4 u( A* e) { long aidx = idx;
3 e2 ]3 L' v+ J' f wchar_t *wsName = 0;# Q+ l$ Z4 k p0 {
VARIANT vValue;& \) ]9 t K( H' `
VariantInit(&vValue);5 s4 t3 `; J! N! n. Q. d- n( O/ u
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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" d* ]$ L% G1 K4 h- z( K BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);: s1 @: X4 S/ ]. \7 h
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);6 b0 j5 q. @- I9 `/ i8 I
SysFreeString(bs);* C! ]7 F& D; f5 P
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if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;
' V4 k, ~; u3 E; S Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
4 ^5 |; J$ w* ]9 E, q& e! ` if(v.IsArray())% e9 Z `8 G6 P9 _
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)* Z! @& O4 e9 }% a. h
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
# ?: @" J4 W2 s: [/ o) Y if(!s.IsEmpty())
6 x( a0 O8 t; g9 S N, W! @ s+=", ";
! w9 T) a8 Q4 k: V/ _- i6 e s+=VarToStr(a);; |& X+ S& M5 l0 N" J8 Z
}
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else
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1 Y. w7 R. R- L/ J2 I8 J$ P+ R- j s = VarToStr(v);3 L* |! a: a+ `; G" ~! R
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);
7 ?! j% v) ^7 Z SysFreeString(wsName);! {; K( q; D0 S, }' ?* M& B: D& i
}
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* d9 e9 V, K7 ]+ p/ m% K; P if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);0 g) ]/ C" q2 { [- R; q
iEnumIdx++;" ? ?. K+ _0 N9 b
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}
' V- o$ W7 B6 E; g if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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) I% B/ e9 [: H if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();1 K, m: a* y5 F' Q) }1 A6 W
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();, g# ?3 j) e) y0 a* f
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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[) O7 s$ o# F7 j) A$ U//---------------------------------------------------------------------------$ X$ U, E3 F+ l3 W! L& i2 {1 z+ X
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:7 E, x+ u. C( Z
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)7 H& B' P& m* l# l! y& V
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");* {3 Q( |4 f6 y8 E7 i& _5 |# o$ ~
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");! Z& d4 X0 ]: X8 y
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
& x7 K3 X' D: V Win32_1394Controller$ n$ Z K# u7 K4 @
Win32_BaseBoard+ J5 }* F% M9 X- L: l6 C) L4 }
Win32_Battery
3 p$ F# n& v' C! e Win32_BIOS
! l! u' B8 j& e0 z Win32_Bus! S, Q9 Z" Q/ n
Win32_CacheMemory
) b; [9 @. m/ i; M Win32_CDROMDrive8 |6 A3 N/ y' f) T5 w
Win32_CurrentProbe
* c: b- z! D) u* b! a Win32_DesktopMonitor7 l+ D. m& F$ C: g- ]1 V
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress5 r& N5 u7 F. ]* F$ F" V. V1 F
Win32_DiskDrive5 x& h1 p7 H9 c" Q& D
Win32_DisplayConfiguration' C& z9 w9 d5 [4 @. O
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
. F8 U) R* B! z0 y9 ~1 A v Win32_DMAChannel
9 I8 O3 f7 [* K1 s+ f Win32_Fan
% q$ y# W3 n( l/ }4 M Win32_FloppyController
! K! M% A! K& j Win32_FloppyDrive6 y5 T4 e0 [% G: E. }; ?8 O' m
Win32_HeatPipe
" \7 Z+ d. V" t Win32_IDEController
) w! ]7 V; W5 i; X; [7 | Win32_InfraredDevice% F. ]! I6 {( ?% q! @/ [9 |" }
Win32_IRQResource9 ^( f0 e0 y: q8 ?. N, t
Win32_Keyboard* N1 ?3 }+ o7 a8 M7 j" _+ T& k: f
Win32_MemoryArray
/ g! u0 d( ?; a# n3 ^ Win32_MemoryDevice/ F' S) C# J0 n# y5 o0 W! O
Win32_MotherboardDevice8 f/ j7 F" ^7 C' L1 i# Y8 t; O
Win32_NetworkAdapter* G, J, Z- ~$ D! y6 l' N* M- f2 d3 L/ @
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
! K1 _! o7 r4 y- d; J& R- d8 j Win32_OnBoardDevice
4 U) w2 J9 v$ D# q Win32_ParallelPort
" ?" A2 ~5 V. ^. [# ` Win32_PCMCIAController) j: K+ f6 x8 j5 e
Win32_PhysicalMemory- R2 p# j- u6 X- B& X$ o
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray) M, S/ K$ R7 l; T4 q: z
Win32_PnPEntity4 x! R/ C. f# X- ~: P
Win32_PointingDevice/ G: f# V1 N6 q! K) j; h6 R7 D5 l2 i
Win32_PortableBattery
5 q0 u+ \4 W$ z# ]0 X7 ^ Win32_PortConnector
+ T' \/ r. y$ ^. Q7 e Win32_PortResource3 I% b2 S5 l. n; F5 E
Win32_POTSModem; z6 _; ~# {# N
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
8 T2 O+ _8 v3 j: p+ R" g Win32_Printer
% |! @6 X' ?* K1 c$ E0 M Win32_PrinterConfiguration
, K, _0 G8 T7 Q2 o u Win32_PrintJob0 e' n# U' [) ^3 [+ O% n& i5 I8 u
Win32_Processor
S0 q/ e2 K# ~+ E Win32_Refrigeration3 V: x& l3 _' f4 |
Win32_SerialPort* \3 _7 @( l/ z9 x4 |. l$ u6 t/ u9 h
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
$ T. ~7 z: _1 ^) Z. S' ~ Win32_SMBIOSMemory6 M+ W( C' v& f2 J/ D
Win32_SoundDevice# r8 e2 V X7 u* C+ E4 e% E
Win32_SystemEnclosure; v6 W% _% \$ l
Win32_SystemMemoryResource; i% t( K+ l2 y
Win32_SystemSlot
+ _( V# V9 B( F0 q6 H3 `& U Win32_TapeDrive
6 T; j6 K5 f# e! j: X9 h& w Win32_TemperatureProbe
0 {* C8 C( ^1 Z9 g/ M& u Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
t- y" r6 p4 N! h+ ] Win32_USBController
/ @5 i( `$ O% _ Win32_VideoConfiguration
5 D. W. m' {& ]- z Win32_VideoController
8 P- d# Y- ]" q: a7 L, q$ \ Win32_VoltageProbe, F/ A; U) j7 F6 x) q* w: _+ u
8 |/ s/ d; x h. a5 b$ s/ l以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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