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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)4 `" K' I4 R1 k3 D/ R/ g( }
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( `. L0 L( Z/ rWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
; b1 _- J: ~4 I% _6 {- F, m" h 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
% Z- i0 K' W7 A) N. ] 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。& d" N' P2 d( d) W
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 1 L( j6 J4 g: J* q
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面6 l ~6 O1 y0 L5 W- p+ a
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
% @' E0 O; q( w h# C2 Y 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
5 q b" P6 G! ?! y' `7 M 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。- E1 {- v! x- o3 i+ U7 N! P
- s2 t% r. W# I& i4 r" Z② 获取访问 WMI 权限:! l+ s% F) D9 O
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
$ H% | i9 n. w: o1 ] 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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( K& A& s1 T5 U$ x2 J③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
- X2 H: E5 [7 }9 n' z: o, l2 I. N 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。+ L5 d/ K$ h5 f
0 x. { b3 D+ V2 nvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
( Z- G. N5 Z' R) `; N( o. N if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)6 b! k( [$ }: K3 W
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
7 r% g, ]: X: f# r# u7 m9 D WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");' n! c) j: L2 @( j
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
' {; W6 H& h! ~( \ WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
% s5 d0 |- r) ^' F% y if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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. ~' Z1 @1 o1 } IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;4 q9 [ e( G8 Z7 M. T! b# c
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;$ Y2 u/ {% g5 r3 `8 H
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)+ ?" d5 ^$ V; ?2 {4 M1 @& u/ j; @
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int iEnumIdx = 0;
0 ~$ s. e9 M$ m+ \' i) ?5 ]1 O4 } while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
# D5 K! l5 |. C! O5 [" E if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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# {# b1 i x3 E- G7 d$ L6 U' E long vbl, vbu;, n+ ]& A) n' V4 h
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
# W, Y3 _2 P5 g5 i SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
) |. i) S5 l. P2 }. b( Q( o for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++) j v6 Z& k7 D( e. R
{
; f3 \9 Q: s4 @ long aidx = idx;% f. Z2 J9 E c" k3 ?5 b+ `
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
6 C# O+ T& H7 Q) s3 V5 Z VARIANT vValue;
' p- _) c7 {2 O7 F) ~ VariantInit(&vValue);
; B( B% S, K% C4 R$ Z& q, j# f SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);6 Q& v4 `! a, z( c" e7 A
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);8 q" J M4 b, B1 w* b$ ]- b
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);7 d" h3 u! g/ @- x
SysFreeString(bs);
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* L$ X. `, P# |3 h# v if(hRes == S_OK)$ E8 D( v+ {5 h" b
{
- L( y/ c5 L/ R4 X( \9 Q* r AnsiString s;
2 ]6 ^) {9 n$ B& {+ r3 @5 H- w& L' h; Q Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;. _0 p8 C. ]. B0 R. [& i* l
if(v.IsArray())1 j) h3 C) u! Y
{
$ N* @# X7 K- ~ for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)0 q2 n; E5 H# D
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
1 _9 Z# P- c: n2 S& A0 G# h if(!s.IsEmpty())
2 X0 \$ m3 p, D9 e s+=", ";/ `% L8 _* F' R
s+=VarToStr(a);
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{
8 J+ G5 k/ b9 h- ?: _2 c$ s; h s = VarToStr(v);
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2 p7 @$ a. i+ Y. w8 m% k lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);$ n: R- T. e6 K' C. A
}$ s8 J8 q0 L" }
. d& P& T5 Z, i% ~7 U$ _ VariantClear(&vValue);# o/ R) f, c9 F+ K
SysFreeString(wsName);5 \# n' m! t# ~% y1 w! ~5 X
}
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);2 p6 Z0 i+ [4 G2 n2 t2 v
iEnumIdx++;7 W" g" J; E9 S/ {+ \
}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();& T2 Z4 J5 K' u' p- o
}
" n7 D+ i |9 F: W- C. s if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();7 \0 O7 L y: I
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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( x; h5 F6 @ R# S3 G3 c5 e9 V3 s if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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9 s2 F: K- d. x+ B// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:( C* U, g U) x
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)" _/ U0 V0 D) A2 ^8 s1 w
{
) r% k% ^. _$ l1 J( o5 B0 @9 T Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");% z: t/ m$ F$ j- J# T# A; o3 u8 @
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
8 h" G" ^- {; K Memo1->Lines->Add("");7 ?8 o3 |& X% j
}
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& G5 B% r# L/ [/ C/ @* u- y2 e2 BWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
1 c. t" O6 o! q' X" J! w Win32_1394Controller& M( x- b) C: k9 D" C
Win32_BaseBoard
0 ^; p, J! T! H) O9 m1 ?/ G7 Q. M: Z2 l Win32_Battery" c+ R% f9 k9 [) w- ]" T7 K
Win32_BIOS
. D4 C, m" q; k! H Win32_Bus
( E3 r x9 M- y- g8 f Win32_CacheMemory! S4 i" {; r/ O/ k
Win32_CDROMDrive
& T( n9 u6 q0 H. L; h' ^- \: P6 u Win32_CurrentProbe* K8 ~, H2 Y! }) i% i
Win32_DesktopMonitor' C9 x, r6 K4 }; n
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress! A% p: j9 { K2 s5 d
Win32_DiskDrive" s: M) d( h4 y6 B& E5 u
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
, M1 T; N1 j+ F" ` Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
9 p6 c5 I% E8 @) z9 [ Win32_DMAChannel
4 }) z- a( R' _: `( B1 ` Win32_Fan
/ P# C7 T$ h7 U |8 i5 D. h) t% m- N Win32_FloppyController, y0 K8 n$ g9 ~- Z
Win32_FloppyDrive' U$ q' ^+ t$ d+ L* [
Win32_HeatPipe; w; }% |7 H8 ~5 V3 a
Win32_IDEController% K# a5 ]9 D/ k N. w9 W
Win32_InfraredDevice) f8 l8 P6 {: K+ o6 p2 r
Win32_IRQResource* J. r1 a+ [9 N1 T. H, D1 D
Win32_Keyboard
; P: |2 y* y; u8 Z" C3 V4 l) ? Win32_MemoryArray
# A" |$ p& j3 P8 o' s Win32_MemoryDevice" k0 g+ Y I9 g1 O
Win32_MotherboardDevice
. J2 q0 R1 r; q, w& _+ p i/ J Win32_NetworkAdapter
( j! |5 N( c' S2 w1 J+ r Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
2 O) i% g. ~( O% G) A+ [5 J( ^9 U Win32_OnBoardDevice3 A2 r$ m; h* _& d; `8 P; a) j
Win32_ParallelPort) f2 V& ?9 H) a. W2 r+ b
Win32_PCMCIAController
& q' Y* Y, ?3 h; G. y$ G5 @ Win32_PhysicalMemory6 }$ L4 M5 C7 T
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
" \: x# a2 q4 F8 s Win32_PnPEntity
: m, M$ k" k% Y- } Win32_PointingDevice
X2 Z3 d8 W8 k2 {! t" G- a2 f Win32_PortableBattery
, c/ V! p% ]9 T. [& i Win32_PortConnector1 L1 {2 X% ~! G# A7 k# L) J# Y8 }
Win32_PortResource5 j4 F- i: m. i- _% K5 a
Win32_POTSModem
; ]6 x* Q# p2 {$ O+ }/ F- H" q Win32_PowerManagementEvent* `8 w) p1 U$ z! F }
Win32_Printer
1 ?( A7 z; ^4 |; N( Q. ]) ~/ h9 D Win32_PrinterConfiguration
1 F6 b4 d# c, Q. A5 I& S$ } Win32_PrintJob
5 x% a r$ i, t+ f$ F Win32_Processor
; K @8 s* x! [ Win32_Refrigeration! x8 n! Z* c/ H r$ |
Win32_SerialPort
' w6 A- w9 d3 p Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
2 f5 T7 m$ h' R* G9 C Win32_SMBIOSMemory" r: k$ u2 s: v/ o2 }- J. u
Win32_SoundDevice
3 t2 O/ X' |/ Q1 W+ C5 u Win32_SystemEnclosure" g) j/ N1 W3 y" G! F! L
Win32_SystemMemoryResource6 M% r0 m! c% w6 c. H) \, B5 e2 O
Win32_SystemSlot! v) C! s4 r+ b" F
Win32_TapeDrive
% l4 M0 X5 c4 D2 d' `5 Y3 F/ ]; W Win32_TemperatureProbe
: D6 h0 y/ n+ R$ _" @* c0 d8 M! D8 ~ Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply7 \2 F- F& ]( I( I& N
Win32_USBController9 R# P! Y5 x/ E2 R/ j
Win32_VideoConfiguration4 N6 m9 z) \' K. ^6 s; U: U
Win32_VideoController
3 s; s) p! Z3 J Win32_VoltageProbe& H# ?! o' s/ {* C) A" _: N4 M& b
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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