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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者): y; n+ f8 ^) e' a
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@- U8 Z/ P# jWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
: I3 B1 h2 z# U1 n& ^: ?7 W 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 & G4 ]0 _, v! {- ~. a& K! T5 V
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
0 T% d0 r4 l8 |# g6 c 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 $ @/ F2 o r6 F1 N- b
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2 d- t: f! l$ D# Y. i/ cBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面" z$ k: H- s+ Q0 x" I
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3 J6 \. S- d8 ~9 z5 W. D① 初始化 COM 接口:- f: H) K( \) E3 ~, R0 Q( H
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
2 W; A8 `& T' ~2 O" X3 w# C 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。" O& ?- g$ @) R- K" c
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
; h+ z2 f0 g2 }$ \ CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
+ S9 d7 U$ e$ \- ^ 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。, t0 f# R. ^! k5 U
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:$ `3 S( |: j$ o4 S8 C
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。% @- t |& n, u, b4 v
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)/ X- R# _# s* {4 P7 ?+ T& b
{
2 ~" x B' L" M) }3 t IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;3 M; k' R, D# c4 n- n: |+ y) T
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;+ }6 x1 N4 G) ^% S2 G2 B, n
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");( @7 [: W$ z' K, \% a4 K
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)% d& C: u" {8 x8 T/ w w9 J
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
) e$ \4 l4 B4 i( d* v8 k WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;/ Z3 @3 D0 x& a+ r, z/ M+ I3 V
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)/ W8 p8 g2 ]+ _+ C; P2 J2 t
{
' H2 D; W+ _2 b2 G9 g" D* ~ IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
A5 n- X2 b, q ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;7 U# f0 }0 [4 u6 A& {% f$ _
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;
4 R7 M3 l4 |$ A2 p/ v while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)4 M) N3 ^7 R* c* }$ }( u
{
6 V, g$ |1 Z( g* c6 m; t% }2 E lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
# W4 _* P6 o# Q( E2 @ if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)& F8 P0 x, U8 l
{
1 ~! W6 L' I! S# }; B* s1 e long vbl, vbu;
$ W! G( c) U$ H* V& ~ SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
* T! Y, P- H' Q5 F/ H9 S SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);5 h* X* a6 W2 Y" _& J% ?+ ]
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++), }0 |7 Y! v+ {
{
0 ]9 S5 T6 }) |" Y( @& ^ long aidx = idx;- p! o4 D) B% f* H, M$ j" ~2 w/ B
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
' @( n5 i, g5 m' o, @* B8 D VARIANT vValue;* O2 t& U% S! _
VariantInit(&vValue);
( W2 f T+ p, _% K& g SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
4 D6 \7 T: e3 Q* J$ r+ l HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0); X( u$ i5 Y# I9 C$ {7 p! b7 y
SysFreeString(bs);: {% c* K+ Y6 H# q
/ d& b2 a. }, w* d if(hRes == S_OK): b2 H# j. I7 V" M! W/ ?
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AnsiString s;
* @! u7 K/ g, K0 r! P; ?7 B Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;* w5 _) ?8 F5 Y6 ^6 \* D
if(v.IsArray())% e3 h9 T+ @ V3 C
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)( \- s7 N3 h8 J7 V3 x
{
9 |: {9 X3 D" e2 I: }( \ U- z' { Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
* H* f, ]* | i5 o7 u& } if(!s.IsEmpty())
/ E, A3 j* }* I/ I8 S9 M& L s+=", ";0 s/ P) ?0 x! t6 _7 {* B4 L: F2 j' k0 m
s+=VarToStr(a);) ]0 J4 V s' q" v. r3 g, D$ Q
}
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s = VarToStr(v);6 R) X) i/ l9 i% m
}
3 q; `9 U4 x4 C$ l, \8 m5 t7 r lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);3 j8 }8 s; |- d7 S, x
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, T K6 t- ]& |2 b/ b( {) I VariantClear(&vValue);8 ` {. S0 ^- ]8 a# h+ c' t. k
SysFreeString(wsName);# h( [$ \& P4 G7 f/ C
}
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: D" n8 n% u2 ]. \ if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);) C6 X! y# u, s
iEnumIdx++;
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}
4 d* U: f/ Y, D if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();; _( H9 b o; r E; k9 |' B( Z) l
}
! Q+ v6 k) H f. z3 ?* z if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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, x5 p' B! R% X8 Q; d; o if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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" z5 n0 n) o p9 V//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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! j2 w/ j- J* n* @2 M7 C# ~! Z// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:9 q0 X6 K" u1 [
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");2 e8 z/ w8 A! j8 I% N0 u- e+ T" p
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
7 ~$ U" z9 v/ S9 h# g v1 L4 |+ e Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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0 _2 Q, _% S$ Q* j3 @WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
& ^ r7 R% E9 B" c6 H! D3 P" S) Y' U3 h Win32_1394Controller
: ^. X: n! x' ]# t @ Win32_BaseBoard" U0 u( T4 t6 E4 ` ~
Win32_Battery
: w; u8 d9 w/ P0 V2 B z3 } Win32_BIOS+ M3 E2 p j& ?
Win32_Bus
6 n0 b) @, E# O5 U Win32_CacheMemory
( A1 z |4 M) V( C6 U8 K# Q' T Win32_CDROMDrive
- o1 L4 C% \3 [) |: c Win32_CurrentProbe
0 @/ F) D( z* E) t& f Win32_DesktopMonitor. ?$ s9 y" Q2 d9 K/ u
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
/ k) O; R5 T* n Win32_DiskDrive
2 o+ J4 N4 l R7 x Win32_DisplayConfiguration
% K" u$ h* I, A Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration, R% ?' T2 O- m
Win32_DMAChannel6 @1 w* G$ w5 r6 E! W8 L% @
Win32_Fan
' ^! l' N* |5 m3 O Win32_FloppyController2 C, G! d3 m' I5 ~: `4 r( T
Win32_FloppyDrive% o/ a6 n2 s* P" ^; L; `
Win32_HeatPipe
1 I7 }$ F0 [% I- x! l8 ^ Win32_IDEController
# o+ m- [1 }/ E' m0 Q& l+ u4 N* l Win32_InfraredDevice
8 s1 u+ t* u+ S/ R+ {* l. T6 L Win32_IRQResource; _, ^8 b6 G0 y% y' g( \
Win32_Keyboard, O. N% |$ J$ p$ }
Win32_MemoryArray
- x N& U. R) p; `! ? Win32_MemoryDevice$ F( T; F, V3 Q4 @8 }) U
Win32_MotherboardDevice# `& |; q" `0 L* a
Win32_NetworkAdapter% ]5 V8 N/ g) A: B/ i9 Z* }
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration9 ^( r) k" u7 T$ m8 c
Win32_OnBoardDevice
# Y z* c. r' C7 p Win32_ParallelPort* Y* c" g9 f" G0 o) H/ w- {
Win32_PCMCIAController
! g5 I5 p/ P: I, ?9 u Win32_PhysicalMemory
6 q& ]* k# l4 h7 p6 c" S9 r! x Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray% b) h$ c+ G9 _) t; B
Win32_PnPEntity
, M) M) [0 H! U$ k+ J2 I0 h/ d Win32_PointingDevice
4 ?0 e( D7 z# e Win32_PortableBattery2 e, G+ W8 _- K% d; [6 H
Win32_PortConnector) s3 v. t [, q9 B
Win32_PortResource9 h+ n% ]1 j0 S+ D! `7 Q5 [/ W
Win32_POTSModem$ M# i( r: z4 |$ Y+ y
Win32_PowerManagementEvent$ G) b( M8 B9 R$ E& J: p& f
Win32_Printer
9 ]) j# W8 f8 r6 N# S Y Win32_PrinterConfiguration' m' E( m/ f. M: B0 [# O8 v" n) Y
Win32_PrintJob
, L' ~0 u* u% E1 G0 d7 y Win32_Processor" [, U2 u% V7 t% I% l
Win32_Refrigeration
W8 u& V) Q, U& S9 N- d: d( b; l; z Win32_SerialPort( H/ o$ M6 z! ?) t! ^( G& I' t3 N
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration' n9 F) U1 I* N& X, N- C
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
) y! m0 W; |" a; g3 L: U Win32_SoundDevice) P% m9 J; u( r" f; X
Win32_SystemEnclosure0 F. O, d/ I* j) v- t, w3 T6 x" d
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
* c: Y' Q( f! }& n* {1 G Win32_SystemSlot$ G% T9 X- c A D( Q% p
Win32_TapeDrive
$ W' j4 E3 e p: O Win32_TemperatureProbe
8 M w$ A9 q7 p4 g8 n Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
! {5 r+ k4 w. K0 @2 F a- m2 U Win32_USBController% x! X: ]3 c4 F8 V& i
Win32_VideoConfiguration/ }2 |( q5 @$ M9 i | |
Win32_VideoController
9 s7 V' R6 u& e0 |/ _( Y \+ z Win32_VoltageProbe
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0 ?) o% u1 X1 `6 m& k$ N- y以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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