[收藏]VC++ 2005编译出程序在XP下执行出错的解决方法

天云上人

  　　这个问题主要出现在XP环境下运行由Visual C++2003/2005编译的MFC程序时，问题现象是XP运行此类程序时，报错"由于应用程序配置不正确,应用程序未能启动.重新安装应用程序可能会纠正这个问题"。这个问题似乎许多人遇见过。在CSDN和微软社区里面都有人提到，但是没有完整的解决方案。这个问题的解决一共会遇见2个子问题：
　　最早出现这个错误我和许多人认为的一样，认为是缺乏DLL库文件导致.但是在测试机复制了DLL甚至安装了.net framework 2.0以后都无法解决问题，最后确认不是由缺乏DLL所致，因为程序是纯win32的应用程,非托管代码，所以也无需.net framework。
　　Visual C++2003/2005默认的MFC程序是使用动态MFC库(Use MFC in a Shared DLL)来链接的，而动态MFC库使用的是Multi-threaded DLL (/MD)。由于XP对于PE文件格式监测更加严格。就会导致部分使用多线程DLL的可执行文件在调用的时候出错。修改项目属性的编译开关：
8 L4 Z+ Y4 ^+ X, l9 P7 N, JProject-&gtroperty->configuration Properties->C/C++->Code Generation->Runtime Library

修改成Multi-threaded (/MT)
/ _% {+ g, d% f" {  ?# f' C9 ]
4 ^) G$ E* y+ f. w$ ~* I' `修改了Runtime类型以后

5 }6 z, m+ v- A  |# w需要将MFC的编译类型也改成静态库：
Project-&gtroperty->configuration Properties->General->Use of MFC
6 C0 ~/ b+ m6 K/ f) G修改成Use MFC in a Static Library

7 ]5 }# L( j- t! U一部分情况下在这步就能解决问题
4 e6 t4 |6 R3 n, y3 C另外一部分情况会遇见如下情况
0 \4 O+ ?. x( G( A8 P% ?6 [& r! \
- P% m" v8 K) P' b编译器报错：

CODE:
$ K* `9 {; t7 Y! Bnafxcw.lib(afxmem.obj) : error LNK2005: "void * __cdecl operator new[](unsigned int)" (??_U@YAPAXI@Z) already defined in libcpmt.lib(newaop.obj)

7 N$ d$ |7 L; @0 c" R产生这个问题的原因是库依赖关系：
在Project-&gtroperty->configuration Properties->Linker->Command Line
加入编译开关/verbose:lib可以显示详细的库链接顺序
' {/ ]% `4 ?7 J8 x1 z7 D8 N* K: W
, u. u, E4 ^2 W2 \1 T$ A! T# R" QCODE:

( K. M0 S& ^0 ?+ x! m  ]------ Build started: Project: PerfMonDemo, Configuration: Release Win32 ------
Linking...
" V. m* p) Y+ I: R5 \! e2 KSearching libraries
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
7 u- d" }# ~; f" A2 u" _  f$ lSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
" \  a) o3 q/ J# o" S9 OSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
, o6 i( J1 V+ B3 P3 _2 [Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
' W! B6 n: e8 |2 Inafxcw.lib(afxmem.obj) : error LNK2005: "void * __cdecl operator new[](unsigned int)" (??_U@YAPAXI@Z) already defined in libcpmt.lib(newaop.obj)
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcmt.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\kernel32.lib:
; J& u& y: G& Y5 f, lSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\user32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\gdi32.lib:
$ f  b+ g2 e$ hSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\msimg32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comdlg32.lib:
) Z3 E3 w% K) d6 Q  Z2 vSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\winspool.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\advapi32.lib:
% C( C8 w% U+ x* D+ B3 kSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shell32.lib:
7 R  R" Y9 Q1 v& e9 MSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comctl32.lib:
! a- q4 }6 n# u, |, w4 dSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shlwapi.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\uuid.lib:
3 e2 L7 W' v8 V, |: N  v, V7 PSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oledlg.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ole32.lib:
9 G3 N/ `' h& |" dSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleaut32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\urlmon.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\OLDNAMES.lib:
: q* [8 {( b$ ~* n8 qSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\atls.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ws2_32.lib:
& V1 w0 V) s9 @: j$ o( L$ BSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\mswsock.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleacc.lib:
; v7 n& B+ ~$ _Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
% ]5 n/ n! p$ ^Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
& x- T% G( c# k$ h/ i/ C5 XSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcmt.lib:
0 H, W9 |  P& ?/ a2 |Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\kernel32.lib:
& ]/ M  x9 F" Y# P+ rSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\user32.lib:
8 J: w6 M: J' d  u2 USearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\gdi32.lib:
  [  B( ~: h& n" ~" FSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\msimg32.lib:
: T7 K; N* k2 C2 p3 U3 e0 x5 eSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comdlg32.lib:
9 W8 n9 p4 U9 a) U& K+ PSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\winspool.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\advapi32.lib:
5 m% |3 K; Z- O, KSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shell32.lib:
5 `* ]  V3 ?' K1 y; hSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comctl32.lib:
0 F4 }5 ^: V7 J- v9 h9 gSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shlwapi.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\uuid.lib:
. c) s: O& u! d2 hSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oledlg.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ole32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleaut32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\urlmon.lib:
% j: m  k. k5 l0 v2 s0 VSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\OLDNAMES.lib:
! g4 q6 e: q5 X6 m5 M* D- aSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\atls.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ws2_32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\mswsock.lib:
% c/ |4 v6 v. m* @Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleacc.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
. R( P0 C* [" }0 W1 rSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
Finished searching libraries
: r% b' V/ N! t0 USearching libraries
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
" Z4 m9 c6 V" K/ }: Y8 y, x& xSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
" a* v8 S4 p4 M5 W7 vSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
6 E( z5 x" Q3 ]  w6 `Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcmt.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\kernel32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\user32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\gdi32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\msimg32.lib:
2 N6 t3 n* Z( }6 F* F' o% RSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comdlg32.lib:
$ \8 O  {, d; C1 x4 E! \5 fSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\winspool.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\advapi32.lib:
' T$ v6 }5 x. |1 Z$ W- W, JSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shell32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comctl32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shlwapi.lib:
- a  t, I) x' D3 _( u% OSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\uuid.lib:
2 x6 p& ?& F1 D$ N0 u! q, g; o& USearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oledlg.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ole32.lib:
( E/ t0 S( S7 G3 k: XSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleaut32.lib:
% l  V0 Z/ |8 H. ?, r7 D' \* a9 `6 uSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\urlmon.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\OLDNAMES.lib:
, [- j) c% d+ G6 |  |. M4 ?Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\atls.lib:
  }5 F% ^( f6 s6 A' e- iSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ws2_32.lib:
* N9 X: [+ A5 p3 O7 Y8 O; ^3 ESearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\mswsock.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleacc.lib:
, W) x, M7 x# p/ XSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
( ^/ c" w4 w% P$ C0 FSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
Finished searching libraries
+ c1 f- v" J8 ]7 t) h. k# K8 @: t3 B.\Release/PerfMonDemo.exe : fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found
Build log was saved at "file://d:\Dev\Performance Monitor\Release\BuildLog.htm"
PerfMonDemo - 2 error(s), 0 warning(s)
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========

8 S" h5 q6 }. d+ U, G: o; P" K' |我们发现在libcpmt.lib声明过的operator new在nafxcw.lib中再次定义。
解决方法如下：
8 j* [( a/ ?- a( ~Project->Property->configuration Properties->Linker->Input->Additional Dependencies
加入
nafxcw.lib
6 @+ z7 r" ^% ?$ R- flibcpmt.lib
  K' A( |8 e0 e( D& K2 V2 @Project->Property->configuration Properties->Linker->Input->Ignore Specific Library
, i7 l  Z; z6 L1 R# I& r/ ]加入
nafxcw.lib
libcpmt.lib

　　这样链接程序就不会先按照默认顺序来连接这两个库文件，而是在最后在加入对他们的引用.这样就避免了这个问题。下面是一张可能发生冲突的列表，若要使用此运行时库 请忽略这些库：

单线程：(libc.lib) libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
多线程：(libcmt.lib) libc.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
8 x0 ~, O# r& r! o使用 DLL 的多线程：(msvcrt.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
1 r- @* ^5 i/ y6 Y调试单线程：(libcd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
- D" I2 A0 c) A% `3 [调试多线程：(libcmtd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
使用 DLL 的调试多线程：(msvcrtd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib

天云上人

msdn里面有解决的办法，在重新部署c++程序里面有说明，建议采用以下两种方式来重新发布 Visual C++ DLL。首先，可以使用 Visual C++ 可再发行的合并模块，将 Visual C++ 程序集安装为共享的并行程序集。
或者，可以使用在 Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\Redist 目录中提供的文件，将特定的 Visual C++ 程序集安装为应用程序的私有程序集，
就是把Redist 目录中提供的文件的相应版本复制到应用程序目录。另外清单文件（.manifest）里面也可以看出是在哪个目录下搜索DLL文件。
- }3 V( d/ n- m4 ~& Z  g楼主的方法容易误导初学者

) }! |' L. f. B0 S" d( conry 发表于 2006-11-11 17:33:00)