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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)' R# a; B& o! j( x' _
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* ?5 `9 \1 m1 F8 [3 [WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)8 G3 \# @5 j% J8 f1 w
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
6 e* R6 q. H6 O 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。/ C* x: j. D1 v3 i7 J
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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7 a( }- e! e5 k7 ]/ mBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面& B, ?$ w/ k d; z- P6 V5 c
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
* W; B/ o8 N% H, f 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。7 G6 g+ u! [5 F
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。3 K$ }3 u" e" |" b9 K" ^
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
8 U" J y& v( Y! ^ CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
2 a: q% ~- _5 G+ L' R3 ^$ f. B/ p 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:; z4 m- Z6 ^- O o
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。4 {2 X; D3 |3 z
$ s: q0 S0 n% N, a2 Fvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)# A- y# x |' c- c9 z H3 x0 A
{
! V1 ?; A9 n$ |* C& ?) U! M5 m IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
. i6 g; F& ~! j) d' Z if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK): m4 g* c/ o; i& l
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
0 Q$ O$ _6 i4 j7 K, C4 X; R9 t WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
* H% v% \8 }, q3 k if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
6 W+ |' U0 O( g WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;( P0 G8 x7 g" q3 `& R! F4 R/ Q
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;8 ~7 h, ^2 Q2 k& `
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
( m! e8 J2 a6 n, l1 S if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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8 X6 a9 h" G* C4 u! N c int iEnumIdx = 0;
* ~1 `. g+ S1 G/ R) ], I# `: p5 n while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)0 |6 R9 J& F$ ]: U
{
3 o) z% }3 V% o2 e% v3 C! q2 ~% U lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");% C- x& e8 j4 p) X
" w \) F F6 R SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;% R Y6 E H+ M' }
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;+ ^ {: i8 t% k: ~ F' c" j* d
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
& z# w# I; x5 Y5 W& U' n SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);1 ^ f8 o! N8 ?1 Y/ A1 w( s; x
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;
5 I2 D8 i4 P: o8 F# | wchar_t *wsName = 0;6 i Z7 _6 m, K0 a: c
VARIANT vValue;3 N$ z1 Q* v3 v! ]- A, q
VariantInit(&vValue);
0 b/ E& k: Q! w7 x5 f& l SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);- P; n% g7 q6 |" ]
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
' m' {# u! Z& h SysFreeString(bs);% C1 c Z% }6 {* v; ^
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if(hRes == S_OK)1 W1 d* S5 J; G: C- x% `3 k
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AnsiString s;' d) F, p) |* x+ T7 W- A+ b$ ?
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
% p1 B, R, ?: R5 U4 d if(v.IsArray())
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4 o |5 K+ N6 I- }' G3 h3 I for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)% q9 }. ]. i: l* b4 R
{
6 f# O+ Y1 _8 U$ t( ?, n Variant a = v.GetElement(i);) C1 g1 S# u6 S
if(!s.IsEmpty())
% L" f% A4 F: [4 u2 e% P2 g; T s+=", ";! Y! }& o( e: {3 ?
s+=VarToStr(a);/ k1 D* U% u1 ]/ R$ e% R- l: r, B
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{
( G. v. Q: P( q. @1 e4 ^: V s = VarToStr(v);: N( ]% _/ k0 V3 M j* r4 T
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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5 c- s" F7 q9 J, r VariantClear(&vValue);( f1 I4 c0 Z4 P" H* ~2 j) w
SysFreeString(wsName);
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}
0 H. {# d( o) v8 a4 N) z3 S if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);& `# O) @; e1 O5 o
iEnumIdx++;" {- h, [+ N; Y7 m
}
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- o. C& ]8 n9 d% u% ~( _ if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();) q0 u }2 M( B$ S% t0 t# W
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();% W# p4 {2 U" l1 Y
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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! M+ V7 |. p; l9 Y$ g% r% a//---------------------------------------------------------------------------$ S/ \! A5 `/ N" a4 B
I4 o* {9 _3 h1 H1 |9 N# d2 M// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:* K9 H+ R2 P( ^
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)0 n" K! b2 m3 \- N/ J1 V; w& n
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
' e/ Q% o) x3 H: l, a0 Z GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
/ B% }+ b" |9 z' `2 v Memo1->Lines->Add("");& }# u1 [+ ~4 V. g" T) B% D
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
4 |6 @; T+ _( h) N0 b& j4 }, Q Win32_1394Controller+ k; i2 Y( M$ D) Q* v _7 M- I3 V
Win32_BaseBoard
' w- C( f8 m3 ?) S$ r2 E. {9 ] Win32_Battery
* B+ @) }: C" B% i( p1 L3 j Win32_BIOS* f4 n l7 X- t" o5 R1 M
Win32_Bus1 E9 S' z! ~+ c7 l- }; o N7 d
Win32_CacheMemory
# ]4 j0 D* `6 u7 D; Z% W Win32_CDROMDrive; j. ]- p9 ^# w6 |# J+ @
Win32_CurrentProbe
! W) k: e) L' c$ o0 T Win32_DesktopMonitor, e+ e1 \$ C/ t( y4 y7 [' p
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress8 Y1 }5 k& |, M: i9 B
Win32_DiskDrive
* f6 N* b5 f& Y* B0 H Win32_DisplayConfiguration
& Y7 u2 D @% Q0 S5 f Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration: H, z( V" u0 {6 ?( ^
Win32_DMAChannel
* ^$ K. Z( _4 z' m+ S Win32_Fan# x# W- G5 R' b, _3 s6 G
Win32_FloppyController
1 Z" _8 A% L1 [ Win32_FloppyDrive
' r" r, i! r, e0 Q/ e Win32_HeatPipe2 G' ~- z; W! @ l9 y) V, e
Win32_IDEController
' a+ C/ q- B) v1 C Win32_InfraredDevice: B& T# Z6 i" q
Win32_IRQResource! U- F1 K& z, {. z' q$ j
Win32_Keyboard
! M& P- c ~7 z, t9 M) K/ {" l/ g Win32_MemoryArray
3 s0 P5 D2 r* g# J: \0 l ^1 I _! @ Win32_MemoryDevice2 @2 k$ x/ S& `
Win32_MotherboardDevice) {) C; ^ W: s$ a! v
Win32_NetworkAdapter
8 v. Y1 E, y2 C2 `( e1 F Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
1 e! m/ C. o7 Z: p Win32_OnBoardDevice+ B1 G3 T: g4 {2 d# v
Win32_ParallelPort
$ d }; [) O' u% r" V Win32_PCMCIAController
C8 @+ k4 b1 S! Q# F# a0 g: D: q Win32_PhysicalMemory G5 Y" j. [' S% \) f7 k
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray8 C% q) R7 G0 j; x) k
Win32_PnPEntity
: Y# T. E; v& G5 o/ h! w3 I Win32_PointingDevice; ]% ^2 i B* o2 F! F# ~/ D
Win32_PortableBattery
8 M+ u# \$ W2 P Win32_PortConnector) j6 m$ v/ Z% B. k
Win32_PortResource
3 \+ J& F7 O- Z' D& L- T: V Win32_POTSModem
0 z8 ^, j5 \& G Win32_PowerManagementEvent
" r; L2 A0 A9 L( o7 U( q. a Win32_Printer; f* j6 s4 { \! g
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
: \/ a$ N" h7 V, z Win32_PrintJob
- f- W0 b9 @2 x9 ?6 x Win32_Processor3 |* Y( i1 v! U$ g- z+ f
Win32_Refrigeration
; M* k7 u: ^3 v' B% |; ^ Win32_SerialPort
& I" r. x; W" M" Y6 t Win32_SerialPortConfiguration; k; h4 A$ T! O3 U9 Q s
Win32_SMBIOSMemory7 x4 A# M- r( {, O5 M" R; T V
Win32_SoundDevice! H) [# M+ M( q3 m/ `
Win32_SystemEnclosure
8 R+ G3 d8 d W! q8 n0 F Win32_SystemMemoryResource3 M, h5 a8 d, q+ {
Win32_SystemSlot0 y- X9 E! } J8 q7 u8 J! k# d
Win32_TapeDrive# r+ I4 c; W$ C0 I: R" ]- C% X
Win32_TemperatureProbe0 F" }( P* J0 k. v& @
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
) R2 F1 f- O3 N! b1 N Win32_USBController$ d; N/ E' j) T' t
Win32_VideoConfiguration% C8 ~. |6 ]/ [; z1 Q% l8 T: |) s
Win32_VideoController+ K. e7 m, E% P
Win32_VoltageProbe8 v$ J8 [* S/ B& C0 d, r7 C
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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