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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
% |9 ?$ ~" s( K8 X) K$ e 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 8 o) `( V4 P6 N/ m, a- |
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。' j! W; w$ G: n9 d. ?0 ^
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面5 W- L/ M. C* o+ f
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
9 Y4 r. M U9 } 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
6 G* O' z/ Q* t+ ~' k! {9 b 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。/ a# q: | t9 ^: n6 K
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
2 {/ H; v: V/ l8 ~9 F5 ^( t CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);- L' g) C! U+ ^/ h4 b& Q
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。- i3 s" ]3 ], |; p
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:, ]2 ^+ R/ P5 V1 M b
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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0 [& T. N2 W* D. Z+ v/ l' f8 Svoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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) ?+ n2 A" f! x: A' { IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL; k% P, V* U9 W! e- n
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;7 g/ T2 |7 }6 h5 q
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");* c; m# m7 I( w" f/ J+ v/ w
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK): E( m. V' X6 G5 m! j/ t( u
{
* q/ ?; u a6 @& w+ s$ X5 Q IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;; t5 M+ m4 u2 @) m. \8 e8 |
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
) L8 Q) f# `5 r7 b1 U' O4 f if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;5 p0 [, t4 X# w' i7 u
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;0 J) _0 I# K7 c/ S/ _# @
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;' H7 e4 _1 W- }5 p4 A
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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5 `& Q ~1 {6 e& Y1 j9 F+ @ lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");6 k9 R }0 y; c4 I; D* G+ G
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
, W; [8 }4 ~2 X. ?4 H if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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+ k9 d |( P" u' _" Q: D6 J long vbl, vbu;
# u1 u% z8 R9 e1 L, q SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
7 |8 F, ^: ?% n3 R SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
0 k7 b6 W1 [4 s. a! u' J5 Q for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;
, D2 q- ?" ^4 J wchar_t *wsName = 0;) W3 A; O5 Y) }/ F8 g
VARIANT vValue;2 i4 A* u4 I& i( s9 p3 s! |
VariantInit(&vValue);
/ R7 H% {% B. B2 w! A SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);, s6 z$ O E) v
1 u. w q, C9 l/ i; ^0 o BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
) C+ S) F6 n0 h4 O HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);. V( F+ j" @8 W% i
SysFreeString(bs);
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' x' \8 w" \7 x. v% n5 Y if(hRes == S_OK)* S% c7 C: l+ r% o, ~
{
, x# Y% q' Q+ Y& m AnsiString s;
9 \4 p' g9 H* I1 @& f7 }1 I Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;8 V; h) G1 I5 O% q. p9 E) w3 [. x
if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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$ T) a7 [; G# B: N, q% u2 _& ?0 F Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
# ~' C8 ?, ]- X0 ?" S% z6 [ if(!s.IsEmpty())5 X+ N5 a; o7 F* a8 _$ L
s+=", ";! T) h3 [( \* h3 H: O# d3 M; d
s+=VarToStr(a);5 |9 j; H& R5 J2 E
}
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{
; x W3 q7 z2 @+ s s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);' H: v8 m7 p! `8 o% `! e; T i6 a
}
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VariantClear(&vValue);3 R) `) l/ p. F& b9 T8 j3 q. S4 w
SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
4 s+ V7 i, E F& x$ `6 @9 x iEnumIdx++;
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}
6 h6 [0 b5 a9 K8 c if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();( F t" |& N0 _) W$ k
}
3 U- ^/ W$ s) E if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();" I- R* _; A! R
}
6 w! z4 d0 ?% L4 D if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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0 F7 W9 P* r' Y2 l/ |& y: e// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
; i: A6 _" t) R- v! Dvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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+ e" P! j- [% M: Q2 D3 n Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
, B' m7 I, a" Q% i, v* N GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
& i9 B a) a3 I% W2 J/ j Memo1->Lines->Add("");7 E X0 W' J1 o
}
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+ q& z% n# e) O. P$ C: xWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
% Z5 A6 L" \& s3 ` Win32_1394Controller
4 e: e8 B7 c9 P- I# j9 c Win32_BaseBoard
7 p1 p- c; m' j' a; Q5 ~9 x Win32_Battery
+ Y1 P, s9 m" B5 V9 O Win32_BIOS" @5 _: ]' ]+ W
Win32_Bus
3 p+ |+ t. F* D% h; c Win32_CacheMemory
8 U; q2 h+ N7 Q, x& c( p: X( P% k& Y Win32_CDROMDrive( i4 ^; R! ]. C; s' y% {! x ]
Win32_CurrentProbe
0 o% Z% _+ }% ?3 T Win32_DesktopMonitor
" z& a/ I1 p$ K: `/ e0 _ Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress; h. x2 M( `: t3 \6 c5 G! G# L
Win32_DiskDrive! H; ^1 R; ~- r' V- t& q! b# X- [; m
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
1 T* a7 a/ r8 C; w1 ~ Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
/ u! j. }5 _* ~7 o Win32_DMAChannel1 R ?% j: T' x& N5 Z6 T+ n" m y
Win32_Fan
5 x4 y0 V$ ]# q5 B0 f5 K Win32_FloppyController' P9 ~4 m5 V2 X" ^& T& X, ?
Win32_FloppyDrive
, i1 Q0 a5 z [ Win32_HeatPipe: k' g$ B; l) t9 H* B$ ?
Win32_IDEController' u- e* F- n2 {7 y4 f! N
Win32_InfraredDevice
, b7 J6 U! M @% X( ~7 }0 G7 _ Win32_IRQResource. `+ a8 U: B+ I- I( g5 V2 @- t
Win32_Keyboard z2 \) E7 z1 f5 n! r- N! y
Win32_MemoryArray. U' [1 ?1 t0 N0 _& x
Win32_MemoryDevice
m6 r3 }4 P5 g; E Win32_MotherboardDevice6 s" S q) G; p3 B, s5 o. [
Win32_NetworkAdapter2 E+ X9 n+ t: G) P/ W# x
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
9 q( e6 l0 H+ Q f+ a Win32_OnBoardDevice
( X2 K: L, b5 |% D( i! D Win32_ParallelPort
9 i* J% w$ |& E$ l4 U Win32_PCMCIAController
# P: k$ k4 k; R Win32_PhysicalMemory
P+ N) J' \ w/ w r% p Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray. z6 E3 I8 ~- C) F& N3 z% K
Win32_PnPEntity. Y, x7 D6 W; t" p& w
Win32_PointingDevice( s$ w& X* V: Z7 k
Win32_PortableBattery
$ h, h, G+ \( n1 C4 W! f2 r% a Win32_PortConnector
( j% _! u, ^) c" m, [ Win32_PortResource# g; I, B: H! u7 I) U; B! _& [
Win32_POTSModem0 n4 P2 W" ?/ @( z. l' l) p! \
Win32_PowerManagementEvent& N+ {$ {- G4 M/ s; B
Win32_Printer& U+ c4 S% H( ?
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
5 F$ V: X0 v- E5 } Win32_PrintJob" \ o8 M2 I% V1 Z
Win32_Processor
0 U7 ^' H- M1 ^- S! y Win32_Refrigeration* M4 s, B. M! m a- V
Win32_SerialPort
( [- a+ D! c/ w Win32_SerialPortConfiguration/ p+ g- c7 }6 z0 J& G: i, ?
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
+ d0 I+ ^5 O- o8 y5 y0 _ Win32_SoundDevice1 ~4 z5 n- K" G, H/ ]
Win32_SystemEnclosure& T/ Y" |' c- v9 |7 y% W3 u
Win32_SystemMemoryResource- N3 o& X: S$ @( w V
Win32_SystemSlot! j# l7 s* C8 P# I1 L R Y5 x
Win32_TapeDrive+ M8 Q, [& q# x5 m
Win32_TemperatureProbe
1 d& r9 }' l" |* h2 f Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
7 g+ @' N5 t; \# |% c Win32_USBController0 @0 r8 G7 G- e/ A; x( Z
Win32_VideoConfiguration
; e4 w. N7 r, w" H% |' Z Win32_VideoController8 v# c R& Y8 u$ q' X: ^
Win32_VoltageProbe! k0 p( D; n$ g& y8 T
7 t4 a6 G9 y6 U% o- n以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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