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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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g/ ^* u9 l6 H, v8 [WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具): A" A% s, E5 U K# y; y' H# s
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
& ]4 R3 I6 H, i) [ 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。! i" \" P. w i0 ~; H8 P0 \
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面' {3 k" [$ V1 J" E! i$ v3 @0 s! I" b
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
; i* N) w z& @' u! T4 m 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
0 v) K$ o( j' H5 r0 n 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:! s! `5 I6 v' \/ ]2 s0 ^8 |
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);! V/ H, I) ^1 e) D% [ ^7 {; d: _
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。' P# }: m' i4 k2 ^: `8 G7 g
% O' h! ]3 F0 O: A2 [9 ?③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:" e& w4 i0 n3 l. f8 f* z. q
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。! O0 e! h0 T# J5 M! I7 F4 A
( j x4 ^: O" {( t) Qvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)" F8 K& Y6 P' Z
{
! D8 G# _* T8 s F+ W+ Q IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
$ d8 j9 |+ R: q( L+ d2 E7 w; a6 x if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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0 L9 t, u z! Y: {! q: Z4 Z! \ IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL; W7 f3 R# C. v6 N
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
( K# a- P, B- m2 g' G A if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK): X+ R1 J$ L, E: a
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;; W, Q6 x. w; s4 b5 y9 v+ d& a( K
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
% ]5 ?1 L- `4 M! O* P) P. W9 n9 O if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)( m' N0 _9 Q3 ]* Q# z$ Z
{
6 j2 }; [! ?9 j: `3 Z! i* M* ~ IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;5 T ^; z( _+ ^; V- ^
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;: n+ S- T' s9 p9 D* h" r# b
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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3 h) y; G! ^. _1 o! h; g- @6 v+ k int iEnumIdx = 0;6 R& J9 A9 o! }+ e& M
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)9 O- d0 S1 [) F
{
7 G" ~3 M: w6 t% C9 G lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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1 v, T, Y5 }, W( M9 M1 R SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;* M# x9 x& e+ y* K2 S' g* \
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)$ Z v/ i* g. K) b5 ?
{
2 Z' [' M+ }7 O1 @+ h0 U long vbl, vbu;
/ L: ^) j7 x4 C4 L) V# d) { SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
# i! r% @) p- N6 s SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);5 `) K: K# O7 f- f3 A; S
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)9 e; }: p1 ?( n0 r% h
{
- X3 ^; h# l$ h7 g$ N$ s1 Y' Q+ C1 k long aidx = idx;0 P c# R; A% f h& n
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
}4 c, ]* ^: b3 s9 \8 @: y VARIANT vValue;9 z7 l8 U. o1 D4 k- G0 y
VariantInit(&vValue);6 a) N) @, i5 N
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);( r1 p% @/ K. W, B( G
8 k' m# a2 v- \5 }" t9 _/ G3 A0 i BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);8 J3 M y9 _1 W" b* U0 F
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
7 A/ T! n3 r4 _ SysFreeString(bs);
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2 j6 X K; b& o" c" h1 Z# J l if(hRes == S_OK)* V: J! h6 z9 V/ n' i+ l
{
& d6 M; K# f9 S3 | AnsiString s;* u$ \3 E% k7 `/ {9 a
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
9 h8 O: A$ f2 A6 U if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);) N, t" v; k! U" I( o
if(!s.IsEmpty())
8 {/ U; g& Y4 k s+=", ";
% A: Q' t0 @4 s9 @- O# T m: E s+=VarToStr(a);6 u: Q- r$ m s: i" Z2 z
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s = VarToStr(v);
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8 Y/ Y" m5 Y5 V8 Y lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);' ^( o' p. r$ u
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2 [: c6 a" X; {( i$ N VariantClear(&vValue);. o/ t+ {) a* V- k
SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
! G# x: ?- n( A! V3 Y iEnumIdx++;
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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3 m! I+ }# P2 V( d; e/ f" G if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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7 c6 M6 p& U7 }$ b if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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X! k3 l$ H6 R* G3 R8 U//---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ~- X0 S3 X$ J2 [
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:) C! T, U* s- h/ a9 c# U
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)4 t( [) u' L9 R. }# Y! s% F
{
H0 u- a1 b2 m: o/ n Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] ================="); D/ r$ @7 m% S5 n
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");8 q/ @. I. \- [; P7 ~
Memo1->Lines->Add("");, F& P x8 |, Z R3 ]5 H2 B- N
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# o' X9 O) e) D' e2 v- [WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
4 B: W( l" y& d6 m @5 ]$ D Win32_1394Controller
j# ^6 H$ r2 t: I! l Win32_BaseBoard
- T& i5 f6 u2 e# o: B7 \ Win32_Battery
7 {5 T. \- _2 T; J$ v8 T. | Win32_BIOS" R9 w1 u$ J9 B8 j8 O1 @8 |! {
Win32_Bus& t+ P- Y3 h3 u+ ^9 q, L
Win32_CacheMemory
, y: ~$ ^$ K9 I y Win32_CDROMDrive
# ]% b/ r- r0 a% ] Win32_CurrentProbe
1 [3 E7 w* q1 b" A- L0 l Win32_DesktopMonitor
' Z0 C$ Y) O2 n! V9 V. ^ Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress2 h8 u" Q1 P& U; ?8 a; {
Win32_DiskDrive
1 U6 [6 d0 u8 x9 ~, Q! X Win32_DisplayConfiguration
1 l4 H( w- q4 c2 B1 S. E6 @ Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration/ x0 H5 a0 h" a7 D r
Win32_DMAChannel/ q& w- d& o! \% h4 E
Win32_Fan
" e3 X7 j( s1 h9 L% w" i: i/ \ d Win32_FloppyController1 [; Q+ P, Z- t; t* x' @ K, q! z
Win32_FloppyDrive
+ ^' B, f2 J3 ] Win32_HeatPipe4 Q* @8 k! b7 z' f$ c* e
Win32_IDEController
% s/ b2 J. u" P# k7 g. z+ r& U" K Win32_InfraredDevice
7 {! ~! Z# X& u- ]& {( T) x: M Win32_IRQResource
8 V1 G: q: \; T. ]9 B Win32_Keyboard- v- R3 e2 d/ b. g7 M
Win32_MemoryArray7 s% j% b! j9 i1 d% |
Win32_MemoryDevice
6 F- g* ~% H2 a: @. ^ Win32_MotherboardDevice3 O8 P/ N A3 q/ ?
Win32_NetworkAdapter3 G2 S8 a/ p% r- J8 A/ ?: t* y
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
( i: `/ \% m! J ] Win32_OnBoardDevice
! [+ X' {: b' M% B Win32_ParallelPort
- Q3 W# P* L# _+ H: y- U6 H Win32_PCMCIAController
I- x9 d3 z) y( e& ^' [ Win32_PhysicalMemory
, D. [; @/ @. c7 ^! L) c Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
2 z; a+ [' `* N& B, ?1 L8 c! k4 F Win32_PnPEntity5 f: c$ z# e- }" k$ }$ `
Win32_PointingDevice$ y! V1 C( l* }1 J! s
Win32_PortableBattery
: ~, z0 V+ f8 p0 m5 V" m Win32_PortConnector
, a5 J5 t. r9 t O& U Win32_PortResource
( h+ z% ]9 c1 o! `' b, ]) ? Win32_POTSModem- @: U0 s* O) }: m* }8 K7 n
Win32_PowerManagementEvent+ M. K! z# ]/ W% K9 b
Win32_Printer
5 a# J* }% q; p/ p8 t1 U D6 F Win32_PrinterConfiguration
* `0 |& X, Z! n9 r+ m! ?& O Win32_PrintJob8 m6 Z* O) Y" b2 K- F G
Win32_Processor" H' L! x. {6 k' C& l$ w
Win32_Refrigeration9 d4 P& P5 ~- ]" b( x1 _, Y
Win32_SerialPort
; Q! G. ]& F, @ Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
' m/ }9 Z0 ?" B, d$ Q& E Win32_SMBIOSMemory! h9 {9 Y1 J* ^* ]/ j5 Y
Win32_SoundDevice
% h( D; M1 H- q4 f, L. a Win32_SystemEnclosure# U! I0 ?* |/ H& i$ y
Win32_SystemMemoryResource/ d0 k4 f W$ u2 K* ~+ o
Win32_SystemSlot5 u9 Z- u% A. i' h
Win32_TapeDrive! q. i8 ~- C& e! w( I9 |
Win32_TemperatureProbe
) r/ J# {! r2 R6 Z+ T1 e Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply) Z" L9 Q( C, B
Win32_USBController, v5 @# ]: X- w" c- m* M
Win32_VideoConfiguration
4 C6 G$ P3 T1 K3 l) @) q7 q4 [: @& R Win32_VideoController! ^# g4 @$ A8 y0 I
Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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