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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)7 e2 h* ~' T. h: S5 ~& ]' ^, P( Q6 P
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
+ \" [; i$ x# D- d& o# H, W 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
4 N9 r5 u' Z0 |! x 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。: j, y" R4 Y z9 N; d+ `6 W% Q! x' N
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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% Y) m) C0 c( F! u" t! t' {* |BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面7 F: ?! b# O/ g1 { z
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' ~ z2 ~+ c4 c" g① 初始化 COM 接口:
; y4 {: d4 @8 a" x: x4 ?) e4 m" L 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。7 ]" \. S; A' }9 A1 B, Z6 D
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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( X) |% q' F3 W! G- W② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
/ J2 | A8 [/ ~" K% E/ ^ CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
$ i+ N4 R: A- \1 C& E$ s6 R6 z3 G 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
0 A# x+ X6 h" f5 X2 }/ s 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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$ F G& p4 f: [# Z% Rvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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% c- G# M, Y6 Z! W$ t2 S IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;1 H' E* @, z; n5 Y! Z+ f. j% h
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)' p( U+ K; I5 M. f; o7 R6 d
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;6 B. i/ n! i' m* l
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");( Y* x4 `# u+ R" k4 Q
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)& b' x8 n0 Y* N; d# E. [
{
3 F" H+ A( P9 a+ H. o+ _ IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;# m' M) D" k3 I* G
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
6 j! Z8 x1 E3 e) M, {4 ?2 d if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)' K; U4 q* U4 D9 m! T7 ` E. p
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
4 y- B! V) b. E0 t N ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;0 H" }: y, r O! d, }/ u
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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" R' @# A: j5 K4 K$ v1 r* G int iEnumIdx = 0;. K( R+ V5 p7 G7 w7 J
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");: B2 v B V' h& r& i0 u! c
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;- d N1 M. z# }2 u
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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' [9 P% a1 T. ` long vbl, vbu;( E! V8 v4 C6 P* @3 r) ?8 b
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
/ o$ x, d' B# H" ^. C SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
, ^; M! A0 ^, y0 }; r1 [+ a& Q for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)5 e2 x$ h$ K0 X; e
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long aidx = idx;! l9 b9 F: g7 j, f
wchar_t *wsName = 0;2 W% d' o/ d ]+ z7 E
VARIANT vValue;) b; s/ n" ]; J( X
VariantInit(&vValue);! }5 F; o; T) c( R- X
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);+ \4 q8 p G3 Q1 `9 g. F* d
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
* G- L4 m; q* d3 z" W( y HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);. I2 i4 i4 X% W
SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)$ {& {4 l/ `: L8 f/ K: l2 z+ n0 e
{
* Q6 {: `% A0 J! Z* e$ q AnsiString s;, m/ Q/ O" j! d& V* h0 z3 L
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;% ?+ m% h2 H1 M
if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++): N9 ?* R6 A' a
{
( c) }5 e) J2 T0 [6 C Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
; C( k9 y1 A0 K if(!s.IsEmpty())
/ C: U# P7 P) p2 P s+=", ";
, I# x2 ~' _' j( s. X( [" s9 U. V4 B s+=VarToStr(a);- ^/ M( P2 @/ B* A8 n
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}
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s = VarToStr(v);& P& G; w* k2 M: Y1 D4 I
}
$ g$ I5 \* [9 A3 ~! I% i( z lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s); ^& c, M/ }3 Z
}
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8 N9 Z, x8 M5 J* y) Q VariantClear(&vValue);; z) R& V' X# A' L' B
SysFreeString(wsName);! f$ T7 w1 A% U# G* r. R3 ~ v
}
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6 ~) Y9 l% |$ d. L0 D- g if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);* L" j9 t7 x; ?; ~+ W
iEnumIdx++;6 U1 J1 O/ b% J. d# D( F I7 [
}
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5 ]9 i9 c' L% f) \8 U4 _ if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();5 P9 h/ {6 G E7 S3 z
}
. `% S9 Z& |$ S. q$ b5 r- Z# l if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();0 t. D. h, H5 `* c4 ]# _: j" @
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();# X5 H! J6 u8 ~/ i! |7 R" p
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------% \, y. R) ]! T$ ~
, @ d" Y6 J. `0 S// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:. u# y5 |% y3 f0 b) y* B
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)' [/ C2 Q; j5 X/ q7 q
{
* d: M7 l' Q% b# V0 Q; Q Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
/ ~6 q- i' b5 l- d GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
3 I3 x' U( Y9 K# O6 t' C7 D Memo1->Lines->Add("");* t0 y$ p( H8 X! x* R. ~: G. x- P" T
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
5 C6 P( l& l1 Y$ D& S5 L+ P Win32_1394Controller
- a" t# A: K$ }4 S+ I& T Win32_BaseBoard" j' n6 c& L6 r) L3 s
Win32_Battery
d# C: E6 n( A: B/ ` Win32_BIOS
; M3 \1 a5 C" {+ u+ l3 V: F4 C Win32_Bus3 |8 s$ q t3 }
Win32_CacheMemory
% b! Y- G- [2 c Win32_CDROMDrive$ s3 e, b9 B- M2 _ P e/ H) T
Win32_CurrentProbe
* _8 f Y4 ]! `6 O4 N Win32_DesktopMonitor
) q5 U. h7 R( E0 Z0 ] Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
' V3 u9 D. H) S( g Win32_DiskDrive
, R, Y; t. P* t7 \4 V Win32_DisplayConfiguration
- q7 `# r/ [2 o6 J7 M7 s* b3 J Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
9 K+ ]- C$ f6 q& @; w Win32_DMAChannel9 R o8 g* \) F- U/ c! m$ T1 W
Win32_Fan6 |. J. h) h: o- l( Y
Win32_FloppyController
G, }" D7 e, z2 K Win32_FloppyDrive
0 ?" U9 p6 C2 v' X8 l7 {3 T Win32_HeatPipe
+ c6 y6 Y* g1 Z$ h, v( Y/ \" N* _ Win32_IDEController
_# B" r" P. ?- Z- T) S/ t+ Q Win32_InfraredDevice" z8 M$ G+ F* t7 x' \8 s& Q) _
Win32_IRQResource
7 t1 X. Y9 V+ y7 A7 Q: M6 p Win32_Keyboard
6 F- x" f1 G4 E! V+ u- I Win32_MemoryArray) A& p5 Q7 K6 m5 o% F6 W
Win32_MemoryDevice4 u+ t2 O& F- J, }& s
Win32_MotherboardDevice
1 }3 j4 Y- S% t/ l" J5 W9 k Win32_NetworkAdapter# q' r, A$ Z2 K7 s( Z: i
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration/ q: p5 `0 J! |! F* r: E1 E
Win32_OnBoardDevice
+ a2 @. ]& h( o3 C Win32_ParallelPort1 q! @8 z5 b) b
Win32_PCMCIAController
' J( G- R6 `4 @8 }" H8 \ Win32_PhysicalMemory$ x+ J9 ~2 y/ ^* F, ^; |) U
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
6 F7 i& |2 z9 s h1 c Win32_PnPEntity p" l; a- L" o
Win32_PointingDevice
+ ^. a1 ~& [) _" }0 u y Win32_PortableBattery
$ w2 H9 m2 r- Z# p' [. d. g Win32_PortConnector9 J: q: }5 p9 u5 m* g
Win32_PortResource
% b' v1 p, i& D+ f: V2 f) ?, K Win32_POTSModem
% [$ M+ n% |6 I% a1 A7 [ c Win32_PowerManagementEvent
: U) r% \- H5 E2 [ Win32_Printer
- ]3 c5 n+ d# Q7 T Win32_PrinterConfiguration$ e3 f- I" X) s* d0 X8 Y9 V1 d; [' C' o
Win32_PrintJob4 q: A K' N+ Y% A( O) n
Win32_Processor& H: u z+ w* Y8 y& T1 x; z* _
Win32_Refrigeration
) G# s2 x8 }5 [/ \5 x Win32_SerialPort* a- |( p! O9 y; L2 X
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration1 l/ t/ u. ^5 n/ K
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
$ A1 [& X! l/ K E$ ? Win32_SoundDevice, s. g2 G+ j; ]2 @; x+ D" g% j' ~
Win32_SystemEnclosure* m. }& G0 C0 I5 m ~- s
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
( g R% |2 l% ?8 [& L6 Z# C5 k Win32_SystemSlot4 B2 A7 {; z) N1 @& H0 C; m
Win32_TapeDrive
; {' F; a7 r, V5 B" G0 A Win32_TemperatureProbe# m9 P9 O4 ]6 H8 \ E
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
- y$ |! c, ~" X) R' E' a Win32_USBController
/ ~) \. H" U% P2 y0 I+ w Win32_VideoConfiguration
4 _* z Z! A* |8 }! k: m Win32_VideoController
# S1 X1 L5 C$ t9 v Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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