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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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$ a4 W* W, Q9 N' c- t5 a; z$ x: _WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
5 y3 _& u1 s7 ^( Z3 @, q( N1 n 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 : S" j% [; N0 S& T9 ]! |- }. ?
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。- c& A3 T; O6 K1 h a
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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" I- {8 O/ R9 v3 \& Z! m① 初始化 COM 接口:$ C! N. \4 y/ P* `1 Z; ]4 b
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
: L: a$ }2 c( y; p' w 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。1 t; i1 Y- K/ O) @( h$ w
) p3 b' N+ W( R p9 M% b. b( F② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
5 \1 v2 h. }5 ]7 J$ { CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);. E, k; L7 n6 C6 N' ?$ e
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。( q {% ^, K9 d- W3 j
5 H+ [# Y- S; J! ~1 ^: x" R- n! T③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
2 R. d1 x R7 t3 H/ V 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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9 x. z; w" m1 ?5 z- S IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
6 W- }+ u, a. b if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;0 T# X* X: u- [' Z
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
4 C9 D, _% d8 p* f if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)1 s4 J+ Z5 S& I3 A3 s" n+ x
{
, Y) {) }8 R0 c$ o) [ IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;6 _: m& s. e$ N/ i1 s. F% G
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;" O1 a5 n7 h) c: } J7 c
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)0 f$ W9 z% p8 K
{
3 u# Q2 z8 J2 L* v IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
3 X% K+ q" Z- J2 g. I7 l1 }5 P& a ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;* x4 o7 C$ P7 b" h# ?( h `! _
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)9 F, g* o" H; L$ A6 J
{
M( Q: |! {) k1 [ int iEnumIdx = 0;
$ A; f: m& d9 Z7 r" u% {! W while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)% }/ f7 L1 d! n6 p
{
0 {' `9 K8 e1 t) s& n/ ~. L lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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& J1 }6 U, f2 N/ m SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
) O9 C1 b8 O, a7 @- K- h* l: I if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;
' k7 P* F, t9 b SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
5 X* e& Y2 o) ^; B( h* g0 U! `. s SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
/ k- S, M8 o5 }* H$ n3 q for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;
8 H; l' D5 J& z* y8 c wchar_t *wsName = 0;
3 x! {4 M4 c& S VARIANT vValue;8 K- ]9 W5 d1 J4 q$ Y4 T5 [
VariantInit(&vValue);
8 P) u. x5 g: b) h SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);1 Z- W% [- K/ P% a# p
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
- j+ s4 G0 j; }7 @ HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
: T+ t9 O+ a5 X SysFreeString(bs);
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+ ]1 [# [9 H$ n- o( Q if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;% W5 {1 D. K* j% u s; g
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;2 w! A, K% Z; \: I4 Y5 e6 i
if(v.IsArray())
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J4 c* [0 s7 J# s for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)* e- W2 }# E3 L
{
t# r. @$ V- [. s# B7 [) l Variant a = v.GetElement(i);0 ~- b% C% v+ E) }; ^; B
if(!s.IsEmpty())" y4 J9 ?: \! r! T
s+=", ";
9 @9 d2 v$ H6 A3 @1 E' z; n: x3 c) [ s+=VarToStr(a);
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% p' h% G! q+ J else
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s = VarToStr(v);$ d1 ~% `/ x# N* ?
}
/ y2 _( k H9 ?. X0 M lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);4 @6 b5 b. B' x3 a2 i
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% t T, n* R9 H3 ]. Q VariantClear(&vValue);3 @- F' l9 W( X, m" \( W2 ?
SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
. C, w. U* \5 l* o# s( _7 {- k% L4 d iEnumIdx++;6 | e y; P( D4 Z+ q
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}
& ^9 @# y+ G0 K3 y if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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% ~9 }% V4 f3 W# A if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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% r. {' @/ |+ \0 o9 E- q) Z if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:$ S0 y8 a; `2 N+ S' K
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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- i: I M& l6 H& t Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");3 J) V7 g2 O- ~5 d1 a) x
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
' W0 Y( ^$ I6 u7 q+ u& u7 p Memo1->Lines->Add("");% W# g T: S) f' e) s
}
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6 s. k' \ q t+ X$ Y) W9 }6 OWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:2 I. [, b# O5 \+ X) n x) ^
Win32_1394Controller. J6 n8 H3 k& |
Win32_BaseBoard
6 F9 h9 C A; Q: M. f Win32_Battery' I2 x1 X8 ~: H2 H
Win32_BIOS
2 C6 ~& {( ]( G# ~ Win32_Bus8 E9 {8 ?9 }' b3 u
Win32_CacheMemory% [/ l- t3 }1 D* B" z
Win32_CDROMDrive
/ N" h" Y2 `0 y2 a+ n Win32_CurrentProbe
7 }6 A0 m! i: b. L( J: U; q4 g! B Win32_DesktopMonitor& u& Y) c3 e6 v* \% ^
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
: {3 W z2 T) B, I Win32_DiskDrive5 Y* S( H, l$ s7 X. t9 w
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
) ]; p) K+ l! Q5 G Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration, h! ?, X9 ~9 g5 h
Win32_DMAChannel8 K5 x9 T; |) g% U' L7 I0 d4 w, L
Win32_Fan
0 N6 R) h ` ]5 H Win32_FloppyController
; ]0 S( O3 c. T0 [, i$ [ Win32_FloppyDrive
* S4 B# T9 v. S4 k& z* U Win32_HeatPipe& F$ _% B5 W, D$ z: `0 S- @: w
Win32_IDEController
) W" |5 @' ?$ ]" Z V) b W Win32_InfraredDevice7 X% N. I# Q" R3 G7 d9 F
Win32_IRQResource
% Z/ A: K. N1 W. Z5 q- i( o7 k Win32_Keyboard/ d& R5 d" c7 Y9 K$ U% b& l
Win32_MemoryArray7 ]- V2 I, n3 W6 T
Win32_MemoryDevice
: Q s1 E, H7 j* z; D0 n& h Win32_MotherboardDevice, [4 X3 {% d, d2 u& w
Win32_NetworkAdapter
7 P* M3 ?! v/ m y* E# I w7 v* e* v( B Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration' f/ X$ U/ f. n
Win32_OnBoardDevice
# S: J) H- u; j" N# Q Win32_ParallelPort
0 C+ u; a5 f1 g# _& p Win32_PCMCIAController
* g; |# l' \4 e% c+ z Win32_PhysicalMemory
$ z$ r/ V& E7 K Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray: A# x' r, ^ F8 i8 c7 n9 H
Win32_PnPEntity- I; |) d9 d$ g/ a( V
Win32_PointingDevice
8 P' T" u# T$ ~9 p6 i' z( n6 G Win32_PortableBattery) X- Y; O, _; u0 @2 `
Win32_PortConnector
, ^; O, P& F6 ]7 |+ M( O$ K Win32_PortResource
/ i8 k$ i0 X1 p1 g Win32_POTSModem# r B. F! r" I& i' G
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
" d$ v8 p+ q9 G' u T- j Win32_Printer( T7 K4 E$ Q5 K% F
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
2 d) V- A S1 s- ?/ f* P Win32_PrintJob
# B7 @8 m( E* V% m0 q% Y% P Win32_Processor4 C8 Z5 \! |3 o/ y( B s
Win32_Refrigeration
) P! } z& L1 Z7 ? Win32_SerialPort- F+ C0 u. m9 H4 g+ t
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration1 h8 g8 l X; G( Q9 ^5 K. |
Win32_SMBIOSMemory6 R3 l" B _3 A, |% ~+ V
Win32_SoundDevice
2 `; Y1 D' \3 P9 E+ i! X) [& n$ q Win32_SystemEnclosure0 |: }$ [+ m3 b* \5 B5 U$ R7 f
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
0 F9 V0 i& J/ e& |& g Win32_SystemSlot6 \, m+ N& G: E
Win32_TapeDrive) {/ `5 Y# \' t# o8 M S! A4 O# T
Win32_TemperatureProbe
; c5 O0 v. L) { Z2 d( ~4 e Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
$ r0 c" a# o V7 T3 V$ r1 F Win32_USBController
# [4 a/ D# E6 I; {& a) P- _9 k; f: Z Win32_VideoConfiguration
6 B7 h8 x! h* \, ?* C Win32_VideoController- F7 r2 S7 H! t$ D/ _
Win32_VoltageProbe
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( j5 d& m. ]: \! ]0 s: H5 l/ f+ {以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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