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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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; W) L; P, J% Z3 fWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)$ l2 w/ e7 d+ I" @/ h
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
. O$ K8 Q9 S/ j, X) m f. ^4 l 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
% M" ^ ~0 u: d& r, k7 S% u 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面* l9 o* S0 U/ x5 p1 f" b
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
+ O6 K5 V8 N' p 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
& B1 y, Q/ u' t5 M" G( S$ ] 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
' d4 ]2 z7 j+ H( W1 j+ c2 ~# ~& s) { CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);" r2 t( b' O3 }' E# Q
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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* ?1 d2 f7 t' L; Q③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
6 G! C& t, Z: O7 X5 f" Y 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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* u7 y/ N3 J$ K; B7 Rvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;3 {! `8 V& F' ~9 L' B0 o
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)) O1 F8 ?' _8 S
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL; K/ s, o; s0 g1 @9 D$ q
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
) \/ E; B, k) j3 I9 \8 [( Y if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)5 K1 m* P" ?3 l1 A8 L1 b, ~7 c1 r% y- R
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;7 M' ~" R! @. t; w+ \
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;9 c; H/ _$ l3 m* x) F* v) t
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
% E+ L, {- p- A, ^ ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
1 i) m- _8 L- X ?! @5 e. z7 \ if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;2 D: A9 z, u5 h; `7 t
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)' h9 t1 D T, E) A
{
; x% e3 ]/ k8 X8 A! j6 A lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");& O% G: N) n" U) ]& b6 [9 ^: d
4 u' Q3 H6 b4 B SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;' `; V/ P6 r) z0 o
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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3 v2 x/ s+ q6 c1 p; z. U, B long vbl, vbu;
5 t4 ~5 ?! D- h& L+ E3 S( N SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl); z. Z9 D2 ]; \- S
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
8 D0 D7 f6 t8 \ S for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)( o8 C$ H# Y9 {0 w, E( s4 N1 h! h
{
8 l) y# e0 t$ S; e3 G( g long aidx = idx;5 H/ {3 T3 |. c; [; ]/ h, L
wchar_t *wsName = 0;/ T# ^7 {) ?4 c* d$ _+ C' b
VARIANT vValue;
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SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);8 C$ `: m9 `, ?/ _# Z
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
/ [. s# \& g& m- g. I4 ^* F HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
2 `5 a9 \! F) |! K SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)4 X7 k. V% n- a# U; l5 U0 S/ ~
{
) y2 h) d0 A* b! Q& M2 o# z AnsiString s;
$ {. N7 U0 W, W1 l) q Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;: I l1 D6 F5 V7 P0 V
if(v.IsArray())# Y/ b7 g2 m) J) v
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)9 p# f$ j- C |/ y" J$ K4 k. H M
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);1 M1 ]" w) D2 Y1 `# H Z
if(!s.IsEmpty())3 E3 ~2 Y+ D p) s: f
s+=", ";
1 [- c+ x0 _4 F l O" z s+=VarToStr(a);0 [$ n7 i' }3 ^& e' A+ P
}
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s = VarToStr(v);% I9 Z8 j3 x5 |- e/ g0 \/ s+ e1 X
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);$ q3 t+ U: n1 y+ O, {, z
}
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VariantClear(&vValue);+ A) A5 {0 P2 G- Z- Z+ M1 n
SysFreeString(wsName);# p1 ?; [# q# n' C: r9 d
}
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1 A* U1 Z% x% p8 B- R if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);# T* Z, i D( t0 s5 S& S- B2 g
iEnumIdx++;2 @6 O6 |* {% A7 k% q! ^
}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();5 @1 y0 D, _6 w5 i
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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8 M! [) l; J7 q if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();+ B8 R* y7 ~' z$ N6 ]5 k' V
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------: R5 j( Y: j, ^- a3 s+ b0 O
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
4 f6 d! V4 l) t GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");% y$ W1 Q: f. j# w K
Memo1->Lines->Add("");, E8 C7 x4 J4 {) l
}
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; P) B. r: Z. P. [. ?WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
- h9 ]: [4 o, K( ~ c- ] Win32_1394Controller
; a5 V* [" X! v0 e# O, [0 W" R+ X Win32_BaseBoard
! h8 {; Q4 \ B9 a+ a, o% X+ j6 W2 x6 ]# W Win32_Battery# R* S5 x! \$ ?$ }% ^; I8 U5 H
Win32_BIOS
! P6 {; l/ }; q4 u Win32_Bus* Y4 z; u$ S$ J" w0 o; o" _0 q; ~4 X
Win32_CacheMemory) z. f9 p7 Q3 _: l
Win32_CDROMDrive
7 `5 m% ]3 e# v6 b1 n Win32_CurrentProbe
9 _/ Z( {3 s; W# m Win32_DesktopMonitor
d( J3 i9 J* v, Q6 N# ~' X Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
1 _9 [ B, i0 D: T( u Win32_DiskDrive
% M+ A$ t. O2 w- |* g0 z Win32_DisplayConfiguration
" z, y8 b T# N" c! s1 I: v6 o! B Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration0 q7 c) O1 t t. @( f
Win32_DMAChannel
' t3 n, J+ l; |! T Win32_Fan
6 P" p7 |1 d) c$ C' ~ Win32_FloppyController
! Q' Y; w% h0 i0 `, A Win32_FloppyDrive
% L1 u, t. V( S; ?% o* Z9 ]7 k Win32_HeatPipe( @8 W) e. \ `
Win32_IDEController' W6 k$ p- _8 M- R# z
Win32_InfraredDevice- ^- |+ ]9 r# \! J, @2 u2 v9 X
Win32_IRQResource; m S: X! E* M" s
Win32_Keyboard
7 l! a$ M# Y6 D, ] Win32_MemoryArray7 [& V }0 ~* N1 A
Win32_MemoryDevice/ r3 b) X0 w/ n# f1 B; K+ l
Win32_MotherboardDevice
7 G& u8 R7 z* T. B Win32_NetworkAdapter. q# y# R, H. Y& A# P4 Z0 |1 p
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
1 D2 l- w& A2 ]* L5 L& A% ? Win32_OnBoardDevice
' P. y* O0 y* n% O. j( r, P8 Q& ] Win32_ParallelPort
! x+ u, B' D! z Win32_PCMCIAController
' Y" ~) Y. G* _* |; p) M; h) m Win32_PhysicalMemory- ^0 u3 N- O3 A
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray) p7 J+ R) h& `9 }0 A) g
Win32_PnPEntity L' G' q/ E( M, g! |0 b
Win32_PointingDevice
9 K3 j5 B& x$ K9 y! O$ A' V# `3 P* H n4 R Win32_PortableBattery
$ h4 a4 W7 C, }( `/ x2 [ Win32_PortConnector
; J6 [. E9 e0 s5 p. W0 @) ] Win32_PortResource
: F0 E6 `) G) B, w8 S9 U" j Win32_POTSModem9 Z# Z# O- ]; d# V
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
) w$ ^3 m& ~5 Z+ x5 C' M Win32_Printer
" P" m+ m1 }' y$ m$ c3 y! c Win32_PrinterConfiguration
( [) z V: `3 r3 p7 N6 P( l- i! U% D Win32_PrintJob
! [1 ?5 H3 `8 X/ S4 s; D3 ~" D Win32_Processor9 l) i {: z+ [3 {
Win32_Refrigeration
( s$ x' V- u" Y2 Y2 l# G Win32_SerialPort
# o7 ]6 y$ W' }! z0 W/ O: C& P Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
% m* \( T$ R: _4 I- @! R Win32_SMBIOSMemory+ o( H+ W- z6 M
Win32_SoundDevice
( l F7 J3 [2 T, { Win32_SystemEnclosure
$ G' H. Q1 u) p! D( R% y Win32_SystemMemoryResource0 x8 W$ T" [$ j' h
Win32_SystemSlot9 ^/ _' h ?% ]$ g0 J9 z" }( h
Win32_TapeDrive
5 q0 G- I- L+ a( `. b2 I2 v# d Win32_TemperatureProbe
3 F4 i, B/ [$ G9 x. e Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply8 I+ [/ g9 `# ], i& W
Win32_USBController
. ^! ?# N! r! [3 |. a Win32_VideoConfiguration
5 o* B: C. N6 Y' E0 }4 W Win32_VideoController" }! \: e) Y1 b. C. \) p" }( n7 t
Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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