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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
% Z3 N' d) ?( Y, w 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 ! ]$ W, d5 I( Z- z* M- j
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。& B" Z$ f s! R, |) Y
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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! {+ U9 q3 r9 {! g* v$ v! X# S2 uBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面: w2 o3 A* A( j, r
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" C% g' c" X8 @+ A6 |① 初始化 COM 接口:* e# b* s+ E) H1 I' Y2 L
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
$ [$ U+ |. t$ N7 _5 y 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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! ?! |6 C& k' Z1 X② 获取访问 WMI 权限:* V: r) _$ V; F# h9 q( p- v9 }
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);( i6 r4 {: \& b6 |1 l4 S3 l: C \3 X
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:# y b! X# |8 p2 }
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。4 h# f+ E4 D2 W. _8 n! z" D- E
- c+ K" h u9 @, X' x7 @+ Jvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)$ Y$ l& D+ j/ A
{
; k4 Y* I. K- a* E# L IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;! g o' F& O- J9 \ T
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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% y* f3 O' s: E$ w5 L% m IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
0 |! t B) ^4 q. j" v$ t WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");( g6 Z5 b# H( u6 L' g) w
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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+ e. b0 `9 m( e* f IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
, e: W' u! ]3 }) |. Y: J4 d WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;5 q4 Z) R7 `; {: M) Z1 ^
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;- ?# Q [, B8 |/ S, ~
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
/ h) B6 b( p0 Y9 B. a if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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/ d, ?4 q' S1 j5 t C3 } int iEnumIdx = 0;) U- O. M9 @8 H0 i1 c/ N+ Q$ }
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)* S; \: E8 v5 c
{
+ `/ G; _! T! N4 Y lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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6 ?+ U4 [" Z, ?/ L- K; n1 l) b SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
2 Z/ J: q: B m$ U if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;5 P( X* K( y& _$ z. G; z9 [
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);% h" x! A" d/ Y; S
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);- o* c' p' p" P% x
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)% p _( d; k7 r4 S6 B8 |- Q
{
. T8 B1 [* K5 R. b( {) i! X( C; @ long aidx = idx;
( K, d, {* \- \+ @) t( s wchar_t *wsName = 0;
+ e( B8 k# d& Z+ ?; I! I VARIANT vValue;
& }" o4 [' I* U. H$ `) S VariantInit(&vValue);
9 r6 C* Y! F) \9 r SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
: n. _1 b3 F# I Y9 X HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);8 y6 P2 b. T! [; \! ~
SysFreeString(bs);. h8 l: T2 S+ c2 I$ U
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if(hRes == S_OK)
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$ f8 h- ?& Q4 t, i AnsiString s;
. s7 {8 }4 e& o& d5 h& ~+ a8 G Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
# {' f6 | u- v1 n5 ^2 w3 \8 q if(v.IsArray())
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; L2 J7 T, w Y: o2 p for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)* B$ O8 U& a# I; A! i+ }# {! h+ o
{
; H: ^4 T+ ?# `# V- y& t2 I Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
* C& [% k* Z6 C1 D if(!s.IsEmpty())9 C$ I$ Q$ |! h+ O" E
s+=", ";. f, i5 J* D" p# Y e9 {
s+=VarToStr(a);
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else
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s = VarToStr(v);6 M; @1 u$ X6 x: I
}
% N6 P. S) `' G& q lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);
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}
" s' s j) g# D) t+ e1 b if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);# [1 T% o/ V/ n# `6 z6 Q
iEnumIdx++;
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, d) p! l3 G1 L, `1 r* y2 l if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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0 |3 B# M7 Y- I& U7 | if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();$ p: O) L; Y5 i
}
( |3 B& u c1 x/ W( s# B1 {% I if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();3 b5 `& S" x) O: e6 L
}
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]1 K. r# c+ u+ b; h" _// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:3 j+ V. F) A5 C6 `
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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. c* D# ^2 G0 D" K3 S! |" B GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
9 j' f$ A; t0 W8 B Z Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:% ^# n" C X3 U# O: u6 Z; x
Win32_1394Controller
- y: p4 c+ P {$ X Win32_BaseBoard
; C4 {1 E. }# F3 m Win32_Battery
6 v9 N/ S, w( O! ]* Q" V$ E8 ~ Win32_BIOS5 c( _) \3 `2 _% B
Win32_Bus
7 B1 c" l( `6 o' D$ X+ g5 t Win32_CacheMemory
! ?: C n- W$ `6 b; C! ? Win32_CDROMDrive4 `0 K% c) }+ {* m% h7 q$ W
Win32_CurrentProbe0 I% z/ o/ B" `' r! ]) v
Win32_DesktopMonitor/ x3 y$ d4 z( g
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
# f) k* Z& n1 D' V Win32_DiskDrive+ f% G: ^& v9 c5 z: I- Q
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
) g E! S8 V+ F3 `: }5 J, W- p Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
% R- R3 |# K+ o5 s, z- v: a Win32_DMAChannel% B* F7 c( }* k/ F" z
Win32_Fan
9 x3 |+ B. e% g, B2 C Win32_FloppyController
6 m9 Q" ]: ^4 q- B Win32_FloppyDrive
" k) V& I* ~; p$ u Win32_HeatPipe7 _. Q7 K. X0 G5 ~9 h* Z1 P
Win32_IDEController
0 }( [( n5 [- |5 e# v Win32_InfraredDevice b5 W# Y" F4 P) H
Win32_IRQResource
( E8 S7 J) l/ K1 e: u2 o Win32_Keyboard: M" @: c% D) A1 f O& d
Win32_MemoryArray( u7 u' o% S; u- e
Win32_MemoryDevice
$ p; ~- \ o$ u( F( x' w: J4 t Win32_MotherboardDevice
! A* h9 C6 c$ Y* ] Win32_NetworkAdapter8 Y- V: T4 o: Y* t
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
% o' k" i! t4 K! ^. U& s, O Win32_OnBoardDevice
3 I8 X2 h3 P0 q6 e. z: o: { Win32_ParallelPort Q5 i( [6 `9 G9 ~( H& `
Win32_PCMCIAController
+ g7 k8 n& ^0 v# {$ X! s Win32_PhysicalMemory
8 Q- t8 K6 A) ?7 c Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray. F. u8 Z, L' U& L* Z, o* f
Win32_PnPEntity
. u" e. X) W+ P( N* k) } Win32_PointingDevice
) z6 ?* v3 Y* \ Win32_PortableBattery1 O3 p* v7 H. m1 W0 h
Win32_PortConnector
5 E! u# Z& i* M& z1 s8 ~3 D Win32_PortResource
/ S0 q; N( r4 y6 y1 H1 m- L Win32_POTSModem
2 l4 n+ j$ Y+ r) s: T Win32_PowerManagementEvent
# n$ V3 B+ C; q6 S& T/ C0 V0 p% k Win32_Printer
5 ]) m; l4 k6 O0 ], y Win32_PrinterConfiguration+ d) u. E( ^7 T
Win32_PrintJob! x p# M$ ?* j' k8 c$ c( m
Win32_Processor; y. l G4 S# f$ v$ f
Win32_Refrigeration: a, b; _. j' a) B5 ]1 q. L
Win32_SerialPort9 E# w% }' k3 U8 \
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
; R" ]0 m6 X' {' @ Win32_SMBIOSMemory7 y5 n# g- i" a
Win32_SoundDevice
1 N- l" D! `) J1 ~; P2 \, a Win32_SystemEnclosure7 c7 G1 Z3 w X$ a3 f+ a" }* @- e
Win32_SystemMemoryResource4 o$ I O8 ?3 z7 a
Win32_SystemSlot' M0 w+ S$ z2 z
Win32_TapeDrive9 `# |% R% L8 t1 j' {4 l9 z
Win32_TemperatureProbe4 ~" j. h( b/ F
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply8 S# k9 |" e8 _$ s
Win32_USBController. [; s1 ^ r7 @+ G) J$ }
Win32_VideoConfiguration2 |& U, G/ L3 } O5 i4 ~: V" c
Win32_VideoController) E% M$ z4 t& o* _0 w% v
Win32_VoltageProbe! c: s; f5 U: q1 J8 F1 f
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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