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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)4 M" i' Z" C3 a B/ f3 }) d, x$ K
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)+ l& e' c$ o9 ^+ S
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 # k6 i7 T }- [' ^5 {4 P( L [
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。" r7 ]( e+ R$ p7 h/ m
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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' F8 {' @4 p1 Y7 S+ s% K) B& sBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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+ R! V% G9 g# C5 P& [① 初始化 COM 接口:
3 Y! E% D- X9 u. I- ^0 x 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
9 J; x8 E% g4 g. {9 ?( D4 T# J; S 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
- }/ a C$ n9 G* m CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);5 j) @( u6 T* i" y0 K
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
! U' N y# a- D% [9 q 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。6 m, I# Q/ u9 k$ |
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
$ `! o" x0 J4 v2 U* O& U5 | if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;* ^' t) P8 B. W
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
q) F: g1 c! `7 A: D2 P @) s1 z if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)# V7 z9 _7 z) f3 o5 c! x
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;5 ~* G3 e7 u) Z6 _( l
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
5 s1 v5 u5 Y% a+ Y" s* N" B& l if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
' _: J8 F! D6 a6 s4 f$ k. c; v8 Z ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
) H, D+ E) B1 q5 A1 ^/ |5 J if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)8 Y0 l6 l. ~. t8 x3 |3 t
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int iEnumIdx = 0;/ V+ [9 v o2 Q5 z
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)8 Q" o) y( b g' n
{
! i# S1 W1 Q, m' P1 ` lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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( ]. K" c" T( ~" C( K* L SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;6 B' i) a+ R; o
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)# h+ F, i. q- F) [) a7 `1 V( Z
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long vbl, vbu; O( P7 I7 m( s; h
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
6 J. {3 j: ~9 d j# T9 [( ^8 p# G; [ SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
, l( f, T1 a- _ for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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5 x( w+ V. v, z, J$ B long aidx = idx;6 ^( M" n' ~- l( x* i% E
wchar_t *wsName = 0;7 Q) P& o* i- w' |; @5 {. V
VARIANT vValue;
. j4 f5 I0 P- x$ v0 a: e VariantInit(&vValue);+ |/ @& s8 n7 F& Z q
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);: O6 N5 ]6 f2 C6 p5 g: i
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);0 V2 {; m1 M1 m: R% \6 Q- L( G
SysFreeString(bs);
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' g/ M& Y+ Q+ {8 h) k+ A if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s; D" B* Y0 r# H' W, E$ P
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;" e3 }2 _( J. w: j9 q* ^
if(v.IsArray())! U0 r/ }, t9 b; Y
{
! o9 }- F6 O% _1 Q) j3 l1 T! b for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++). x* r# Y1 `" b1 J/ H7 _3 F
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
7 ]8 m9 _* F# @ v, I1 L$ { if(!s.IsEmpty())5 U" ^" x% O: c$ p8 H7 Z
s+=", ";
* d5 k) r' _+ c+ @" v s+=VarToStr(a);# o/ W8 O" @' Z5 l0 y6 ~) J
}
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{
: M3 x j: Z/ ^% k s = VarToStr(v);
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% m/ c) h" k5 o% I lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);! z" g- c2 M# l% ?
}
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6 R" c; p/ z* d+ P2 I J6 T VariantClear(&vValue);: Z. A" Q. B* Z& f
SysFreeString(wsName);$ l* Q" p1 F; V* i
}
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
' u2 }& R7 f. g! d3 O' v iEnumIdx++;9 |5 H; K1 h6 X& A2 ^
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}
1 s2 \/ A/ c2 y: ~5 r. f8 o if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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2 \/ }# K g7 i if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();/ Q5 D5 f! D6 x2 s
}
. }0 k A% N+ r1 Z9 } G if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
2 `- e. x0 O7 ]/ evoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)/ l$ g. Y3 k, ]/ t# X
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");1 P& v: X2 Z6 r: F" @5 A2 k1 ?* m
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");, u/ w6 h# j7 a! D! E& D
Memo1->Lines->Add("");$ i- w: B) B! w6 U" H9 [
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:+ S- \9 [0 s. y# K) M
Win32_1394Controller
4 p) S) Y, X# ?$ w i3 X Win32_BaseBoard& C# ?3 W) w- T0 Q
Win32_Battery2 R. W6 F3 g6 `' f# \0 ?
Win32_BIOS
/ ?2 Q* ]2 V* ~' J: a3 P) e Win32_Bus
3 K. H8 {4 }8 ^" R! ]- \ Win32_CacheMemory c2 A7 D2 F1 u( K9 k7 t. x
Win32_CDROMDrive
$ ^; _$ S1 q2 b- Z Win32_CurrentProbe2 O! s# m k( t4 i3 V
Win32_DesktopMonitor
* P8 a# o* N. x/ k& j- d5 @ Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress9 {+ l1 m- f: J& ~8 D
Win32_DiskDrive
* p1 r1 h, K) h& i) B$ @. X7 c Win32_DisplayConfiguration
: E+ b. t, G% j% B4 _ Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration& g8 b/ t% W# ^: e( ^
Win32_DMAChannel
, x3 M; E( d1 E# ~0 \9 h Win32_Fan* @" ^% t$ I1 n% v0 ]
Win32_FloppyController
6 d+ q& G+ O6 \5 x( {4 T Win32_FloppyDrive5 x# G. ^: g a' s3 ]; }
Win32_HeatPipe
/ Z* j2 T( @7 e Win32_IDEController
9 V+ }# d1 P' J; n3 M4 j Win32_InfraredDevice
4 g3 w$ c% ~9 N& }7 N$ p [! w% M Win32_IRQResource
. T! r; c, z, ?& i( v T# u Win32_Keyboard
0 F2 C6 f: u; V; `' V9 i Win32_MemoryArray. t5 |' h7 Q3 [" b. u! n
Win32_MemoryDevice; ^8 j0 u# f* W
Win32_MotherboardDevice/ @1 j$ m3 i+ h! N8 V0 R$ W
Win32_NetworkAdapter
+ i) N- f) Q4 x Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration7 ~5 T+ b5 Y0 O4 M3 D( ^. D- }( n; |- L
Win32_OnBoardDevice
) i& K6 ~% N* d5 ?1 i6 K8 C Win32_ParallelPort
; q, H* n u+ ]( T+ Z! x Win32_PCMCIAController1 E# k( z# H+ u' L2 z! l
Win32_PhysicalMemory( k3 J( u) t4 L
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
" z3 B! s; }: R- M' X8 P Win32_PnPEntity/ o( S! r( o ~) w/ r
Win32_PointingDevice
; f+ l) p t3 i- B0 d' L- M Win32_PortableBattery
P; [$ N+ Q6 ]/ `# g9 ^; f* O/ |/ e Win32_PortConnector
3 l. i3 K& H: c* t y1 m' a2 S8 y Win32_PortResource& A: ~- B. f) M( m# @. H
Win32_POTSModem3 ^( D7 y j! b, |: G. N
Win32_PowerManagementEvent. J- c# S( H. |9 E
Win32_Printer& r6 H' T" j- A. K+ l
Win32_PrinterConfiguration% w3 D7 Z8 W0 u5 y$ n1 h# }
Win32_PrintJob
& s' c0 [; ~5 m9 C5 B Win32_Processor
q: F* ^& W$ g- W/ o% r$ T Win32_Refrigeration7 ]) }8 t: E! U+ J. `
Win32_SerialPort. e* M9 n6 P) ?: f! t# w& s
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
: V# g$ U. ^/ O6 b Win32_SMBIOSMemory
1 Q; p, \2 _2 _ Win32_SoundDevice3 C! W! K* a; z! v
Win32_SystemEnclosure
$ R( ]# M, V. b; C8 \ Win32_SystemMemoryResource
5 }# p, g/ }% z Win32_SystemSlot. V/ I+ T+ H# \ Y& p' C( m$ M. Q
Win32_TapeDrive: X- y! I! G$ ?# b8 c
Win32_TemperatureProbe' e* Q$ `+ r( _9 N% H5 D' L
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply9 Q' e0 e' e. H, D! [* D* y
Win32_USBController2 O0 W; Z- [4 N4 ~: b
Win32_VideoConfiguration
# Z9 a4 L" n X3 b( T! y Win32_VideoController* z+ A& e& i+ C7 V1 K
Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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