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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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# i. S1 A' [3 r0 a8 U7 B. i2 BWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
; M3 f2 ^$ m0 A2 |) t: ~% f: E 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
$ P8 T$ i0 o5 S* M! D: [ 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。2 D! {3 U/ h+ n x
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 , W: q( x" c: h
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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! R8 C' O& [& N5 L' z① 初始化 COM 接口:3 ~) p: l* C7 f6 F: i. a' {6 K
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
% a8 C2 ]2 p. U6 ^8 } 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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7 p# b1 T3 [ b. n" v' Y6 M② 获取访问 WMI 权限:' y5 A$ E3 B, a1 [1 G: o
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);8 {. G: A' f: N4 g+ e' }
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:) d4 m" O% u2 f- e
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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3 w, R9 r: H1 C8 M9 tvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)! q. J& d# C% `1 `
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;8 }4 ]9 A8 M* q6 |/ C Z
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)/ o- j! k1 `. G& D9 N
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;6 W8 {6 g4 X1 P- u
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
$ {5 e, T2 j/ ^9 y if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;8 O* G" v1 t% l P# g
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;; D/ i# m8 ^# ^5 i3 f# Y
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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) o/ D* s& _6 g6 H2 x( [5 \ IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;& Y# y) y" g% a6 ?$ `6 A) q
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
8 ~" S& E' ]7 k1 c( c- F. j: Z if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;
4 ~" P7 A8 {# a. r while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");& t+ p$ M% y6 b a& x
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;" G& e$ C% M; m# n- a
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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8 V3 b9 Q* N2 i5 v; L! r long vbl, vbu;
0 T0 c4 |" S7 h T+ w8 U/ R# @; Y SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);# J" X2 N g* G. r' J A# L
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
) a6 u. b0 n9 n4 a for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++), g1 c. b" f! z3 D' [ `
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long aidx = idx;' o J+ d; B, ?8 A/ |- `
wchar_t *wsName = 0;: u$ u4 j" c" c
VARIANT vValue;) R9 ]2 y, \8 p2 ^( I! v ^8 {) F
VariantInit(&vValue);2 H# n" P) L" T% e
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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. o, {1 P& H+ I' I) U1 }3 T) z* x4 { BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);' y" z7 A- q: ~5 X
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);* ?( m5 a$ v5 T' Y+ a/ ?: l! v
SysFreeString(bs);3 K4 @. K1 z3 [! R* _2 p# \
. u. K+ ~* S1 [9 \, N$ B3 ~# J- F if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;, ` j4 o# r& Y
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;" {' |; @. J1 @3 @* U+ I
if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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: u' P; `8 v# F. s# k- B Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
1 S8 U. [7 ^" d# X6 M. z" d9 W if(!s.IsEmpty())
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s+=VarToStr(a);! L$ J3 f" N8 m! j5 z
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else. z5 W( y; |+ m9 R
{
7 ]' ?: g! {* V7 m' m7 N s = VarToStr(v);/ [; E/ n8 x1 I
}
; h" b7 }; S/ k6 ?: ]) p: G0 y lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s); P$ Z3 Y2 d( q3 d6 h4 c0 m
}
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VariantClear(&vValue);
: c& W4 u$ J5 V7 j I: M: L4 J1 L SysFreeString(wsName);- d9 [' |/ s6 C
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}
* a& b: k! f+ J! W if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();: E+ [0 d1 M; J
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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" S$ y2 V0 o( {# h if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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. ~' Q/ e. Q# c//---------------------------------------------------------------------------8 h6 r! i. `+ W4 t
) h* y: U, B- Y' a% Q* g9 M// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
+ R$ I$ l' A# W6 s% Z9 J. evoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)0 G/ N. }6 m- Z6 \) P6 c1 M" Y$ O
{
1 ^. f9 h! X) Z; H6 Z! z* W9 u Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");. ^0 \4 ~" r7 x' C+ `7 I `
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
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}
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
! o+ w, s8 B) e2 f: [& e+ Y; C Win32_1394Controller: J4 R/ j* ]6 Z3 j0 t% W- R
Win32_BaseBoard
) ^) \7 `* @+ T& z; f Win32_Battery7 e- p) t- M: \% g k" s
Win32_BIOS
/ f" @( a: H7 r) G3 u' | Win32_Bus
% Z o$ m/ |3 n: Z9 L0 [ Win32_CacheMemory
* d! X1 d9 X' H- g4 h6 K Win32_CDROMDrive; m' P4 D. v" H9 E* l. Q& t+ m7 m
Win32_CurrentProbe
' c3 Q0 k: F0 A; t! S6 S. f Win32_DesktopMonitor
. y& [9 U/ X7 l) j6 {5 y Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
! i8 ?5 _9 q, A8 E! | Win32_DiskDrive( T6 Y6 b0 k6 I: X8 H# b
Win32_DisplayConfiguration. z) r' `$ y+ f2 U
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
0 \ E' ]* d) C3 o3 r: g9 ], K5 C! l Win32_DMAChannel
4 y3 B! ]# i; ^/ N( }. J" b0 Q" I Win32_Fan
& B) X/ b- n( Y# @* ^3 E+ N' x* [ Win32_FloppyController% q( v7 m1 H m. j% V: t: v' W
Win32_FloppyDrive8 T1 g! X4 ]; P g. \" q( F
Win32_HeatPipe. F* \0 _$ T- h) d3 m! ~
Win32_IDEController4 I" r6 o' t. ?) q [$ p' y8 i5 Q F; f
Win32_InfraredDevice
" z3 u' s8 Z, \4 ]7 U3 @% t' u Win32_IRQResource2 f& v | v! _5 S
Win32_Keyboard
* U, W* W$ p/ [) F Win32_MemoryArray$ I4 L. z- Q$ W! l1 T" ]
Win32_MemoryDevice
8 m3 e& r& G0 z. b8 r Win32_MotherboardDevice
0 l2 K- r' l8 W" }5 G5 v Win32_NetworkAdapter7 \7 j# a g) @; d2 ]/ t4 f5 u& D
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration8 D8 T( ^' }( f. q; y$ i
Win32_OnBoardDevice9 G/ E+ {+ A* h8 V. J B
Win32_ParallelPort
/ z" v3 _; r) h Win32_PCMCIAController
1 [: j* u1 E. n$ l+ u6 I1 i Win32_PhysicalMemory( X4 p4 a- P6 ?8 N( A
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
! r5 N k6 }4 K+ ]+ H Win32_PnPEntity
6 Q0 R: o# d/ Z. V3 ]- D Win32_PointingDevice9 ]4 d" y6 f. J
Win32_PortableBattery/ J/ `! S @, y* l
Win32_PortConnector
0 F5 ?* i: w8 l) ]/ { P- [: ? Win32_PortResource9 Y X: D9 o0 p3 w
Win32_POTSModem" y$ R& U3 b2 Q+ c# m1 G$ G) n/ |
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
8 S- T; G4 L( X5 C* n Win32_Printer# ~4 S% d1 P& e* H; B
Win32_PrinterConfiguration9 K5 @1 h" I. c: H
Win32_PrintJob
+ L5 H) X& G( x Win32_Processor
( }( p. y( v- C _; ] Win32_Refrigeration! C0 f% q, V/ n1 x5 O! T
Win32_SerialPort9 D9 X5 {: ~" L) ]* K- a+ B" F
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
" Q7 {0 Z, z+ U) S+ L Win32_SMBIOSMemory. k% A" Y3 N, V1 b4 z$ }7 T9 C
Win32_SoundDevice) L t/ u4 b+ L- j0 t* j
Win32_SystemEnclosure+ m; ~; f, S D8 ~; x: P+ u
Win32_SystemMemoryResource& w8 M& v2 v. @$ Q1 F; d! F6 _0 _
Win32_SystemSlot% G' x ^9 K1 g7 U+ D" S. p
Win32_TapeDrive+ c8 T+ I/ d. O7 P! v7 K. Y
Win32_TemperatureProbe+ V. `6 ]2 r0 i! i
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply5 C% @% V, s) ^! A0 ^+ A
Win32_USBController& T; Q/ D/ ~: \5 g) Z
Win32_VideoConfiguration
+ Z0 X) w6 d! R; B4 r Win32_VideoController, }7 V! J0 @; {; ?7 h- s& R0 L* T2 W
Win32_VoltageProbe H% C: v5 ~" E3 @
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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