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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)5 S& @! w2 [8 q% w
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)# X% n3 j- J2 g& r% L/ V0 V
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
) q9 ?* a0 X& D 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。6 F0 x, {) R6 @( a) U1 u2 N
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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① 初始化 COM 接口:7 l( b/ I) s& j; q9 T
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
# |0 t! x: G n7 _* X 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。) d$ C: v% K4 `. M+ D
5 d: @4 N& ]; k② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
7 C. O3 ]6 C, s CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);, d0 j9 j5 n, x" ^
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:% f% v/ s% ?7 K0 c
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)3 p7 z/ f9 I0 K" Q2 y" ?; `
{
f4 l% o7 R. O* c IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;" `' X4 K* ^" ^' E
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)8 {+ R3 E# P; y9 E( q
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;, ?; @2 ?; r. r; F8 X- d
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
, K5 c& ?- y6 `7 _/ m if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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" @6 c- c6 D, F IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;( d7 R- K/ o7 O& V
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;/ q5 p! S1 g5 P$ n6 w
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)4 u/ {1 \8 X$ P
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
7 g0 [* `9 L) _ ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
) ]- F" @2 x8 Q3 l if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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; d5 v4 I, i6 Z" ~2 D: W int iEnumIdx = 0;5 ]$ r) l7 F# O5 I' r
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");( y* |0 x4 A, ~% s+ P& T5 p* h
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL; u: r- ^$ i) l: ]9 }9 n
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK) X- F; f+ G$ L+ k1 h# o8 `
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long vbl, vbu;
; p" H, C& m5 }+ p9 d SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
7 f( y8 |/ O2 J$ h6 I- R: D SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);. p0 ]0 f0 u F* Z9 H
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)# q6 W9 S) V3 R& B9 @' {- y
{
* c2 Q( i3 ^5 e0 l long aidx = idx;
/ z5 q2 {6 }) ], r wchar_t *wsName = 0;
4 N7 g! F' d& x VARIANT vValue;8 L8 Y. _$ R3 K5 w! q; a
VariantInit(&vValue);/ ?3 u6 X" P$ x. _0 z( e( c
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);( L$ a+ y8 D3 c; s4 @7 T D6 H
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);/ G9 ?' o- |9 U3 O) I5 D
SysFreeString(bs);
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H# w3 k4 M) G0 a% n# ]+ G if(hRes == S_OK)" c; }* k2 b, _* H/ s
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AnsiString s;. t5 F2 Y* H2 u' O" P+ ~2 {$ @
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
- M" h" m5 V& w if(v.IsArray())
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. h% Q& b1 Q4 i4 }, ? for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)' Q; T4 ~# [( P7 W; z5 ~
{
j; J2 a" ]& X; C4 `& W Variant a = v.GetElement(i);" n) A7 p5 G$ I& H# K
if(!s.IsEmpty())
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s+=VarToStr(a);* Q* Z5 N) f$ P
}
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else
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s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);7 q- F7 s! ?6 o. Z
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5 Q7 z* m, X. b VariantClear(&vValue);
2 b9 t( y' ?, y+ Z SysFreeString(wsName);. Y( R) }( R& m7 Y
}
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! L2 L- o. f0 w) z8 t if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();! h0 L: h7 @) N7 S
}
2 j9 v4 F( T( G0 E; h- A6 A# n if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();! c1 q6 I4 {( l$ @
}
; L1 j! L' B! ^ if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ _* @) e9 K7 k# ]1 i
6 d3 y8 e7 H _1 E) u// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:( {0 J/ z8 w5 {5 u
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)1 B6 [7 j v" x0 L: _7 I) F- b
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
6 ?3 Q' f2 p0 _. E# _0 m# D2 A8 h3 c GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
8 a0 \: o* ]* ~9 n Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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) X( a! w6 a" a7 v# T3 E# [4 aWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
% F" z# d9 e' @# L# Y& y$ l: j& Z$ ` Win32_1394Controller/ j! V! k: _5 L; w: L0 w: {
Win32_BaseBoard7 I4 O; f6 }' X& S7 K* P
Win32_Battery
# X8 U _; I& `! w Win32_BIOS, r& G0 I5 m7 u3 w( f
Win32_Bus% h/ S% [, X; U' j) s# v5 L1 S
Win32_CacheMemory
( M# u, E* C& f( f0 Z Win32_CDROMDrive
- O$ T: ^6 A1 ^ O- c, ?( g Win32_CurrentProbe/ R( h$ X( e* X" L. j! ^+ e, t6 {
Win32_DesktopMonitor9 j+ t- ]' U K# A2 e6 q0 a
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress; y9 X |: U) G9 g& q! ~: j4 R
Win32_DiskDrive0 [9 W, w F: A# `9 W. X9 R/ K5 p
Win32_DisplayConfiguration Z; n, O. m2 L! e6 n( v, |. F
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
) S/ g# u% F' f: @! k3 Q Win32_DMAChannel. A1 w8 u7 g) E" i
Win32_Fan' f9 H ^; Y' T/ W" d) S
Win32_FloppyController
/ g: E3 v& v2 {' _$ Z U4 d4 a Win32_FloppyDrive3 u$ G+ w' `7 d$ N7 Y- A
Win32_HeatPipe) {1 g. E9 Y8 A! t# A* z( J
Win32_IDEController
1 R% m% g1 H4 } Win32_InfraredDevice6 V7 J* {" D% b5 Y2 w4 T
Win32_IRQResource, s" a0 O/ o3 s8 k
Win32_Keyboard1 F- C" ~3 A( S0 C1 [* P! h* X7 P
Win32_MemoryArray
0 B i! E8 H) T$ J0 X Win32_MemoryDevice
- I: z3 L4 y4 K7 A. F0 v Win32_MotherboardDevice2 I: \$ W9 L' b
Win32_NetworkAdapter+ s; c: H1 Y( C( E& X7 ]
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration, n1 o' e- n0 _2 b. T) [1 U; n
Win32_OnBoardDevice& w" f. A; U; b+ Z, N
Win32_ParallelPort
$ j& j2 G3 m6 i- s Win32_PCMCIAController
: w' c5 r; N" q2 Q$ C( w ^' x6 L/ h Win32_PhysicalMemory, X# J' y: f* u7 N x" c, J( c4 w( q
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
7 V+ H8 V k: }% e" L Win32_PnPEntity. d5 p& I& R$ x
Win32_PointingDevice
8 w) i* N7 ~# g& z7 q! x' ?% q Win32_PortableBattery2 Y3 k: a1 J7 W9 ? e- a
Win32_PortConnector
( m/ |9 V: S m6 a; [5 n' X3 E+ D9 ? Win32_PortResource
/ r: k( ]) `8 q& x4 f Win32_POTSModem
; h: i( P- U7 B7 W' U: P Win32_PowerManagementEvent' Q4 K. y+ \7 p2 n0 K
Win32_Printer+ V; P, h& V3 \8 N6 t/ g9 i; J
Win32_PrinterConfiguration' f+ d h8 p; d1 n8 M' y7 [5 m
Win32_PrintJob
4 s8 S& E- I5 m: D: j Win32_Processor$ ]# N( b) {' R, P+ Q
Win32_Refrigeration* } o0 @; P' T& P( L. ^1 B
Win32_SerialPort3 N( Y+ [/ M% P0 u
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration/ X5 ~3 d( l! H- Y7 s
Win32_SMBIOSMemory+ W* w6 f& T# L- [ a" G
Win32_SoundDevice5 [4 `& O5 v5 ~- ?, y- h9 j
Win32_SystemEnclosure, l7 S/ ~( b. q8 E/ |
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
# \# ^ c" k7 a Win32_SystemSlot7 c" ^: a+ A. L' `. ?+ w) {/ C
Win32_TapeDrive* P7 `; {$ S+ S# L2 y2 T0 O
Win32_TemperatureProbe
0 O1 [: u0 C" ^& ~( r Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply& A' ?: k+ l/ `
Win32_USBController
3 B$ z5 k: d# g6 w4 u Win32_VideoConfiguration) G: J! N2 g( X9 v
Win32_VideoController3 R/ L+ Q2 k5 |7 `
Win32_VoltageProbe* Y5 {& J4 J. b5 R$ X: z( J
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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