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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)9 U% n- X1 U! E- o7 `/ B- z
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. \+ K/ m4 V7 N3 y/ ^5 D UWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具) h/ w5 ^6 H" k4 {6 I) f! h
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 ) o. E' I7 J1 D1 {, F5 }7 A+ n
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。+ T8 c0 _: [& R6 q, S* I2 g# s$ U
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 3 |. h* `3 h5 h" a. o, ~( Z& P. Z: N
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
+ ~" t- l4 P* M b' Q: h" L 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。1 X3 g: l9 g6 b9 L% Y' X M
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。' X! m6 ]+ u# ]' t2 A4 `5 Y
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:: N2 u, ?2 F5 L1 w# v0 r
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
+ X* N( T! H! @3 b+ k2 r 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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0 g, a2 ]; Y3 R9 I3 ?③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
i8 n7 H8 n' }5 B" e6 n 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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% t8 }. a- r: rvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)8 {1 L( n2 @1 D
{
2 g4 ?& L& i+ X5 ^7 ?6 W" f IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;& b4 Z/ ]+ | w7 ?
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)( G$ ], p6 p, M& o
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
$ l. g7 z" p y- t WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
. c- h8 X- |( ]( q9 T: F { if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)0 T! E$ C' G. s( d1 g; I* o: F
{
# B; d, f- K( { IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;. b& Y4 j1 E# R) I; |( w8 [6 J' U
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
: ^0 b* P9 f3 r0 S3 B' F/ i# |+ D if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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# S6 q% D5 k, M2 g& m$ U9 v, r IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;4 r, {9 F ~ n! x
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
, o6 M! ~) W8 p+ B, [9 H( b; E if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK): }% M& L3 g2 g
{
! ?$ o* {, [! N: q* Q8 j) |# k int iEnumIdx = 0;" I& a4 A8 Y5 z
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK): x9 Q0 `, n* r
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");' H0 T- b* g3 B( S# t
6 E+ I9 z3 K2 C# j+ n/ G SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
3 j$ a5 n: ]- V, K1 F if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;
$ {6 d @/ p0 k* s g. w: b% _ SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
9 A0 |6 l% Q! ]$ l- t* `0 \ SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);8 V: f" a6 e* ^' ?. ~# Z& X
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)* X+ n1 _* _8 _+ K: |
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long aidx = idx;5 h! D+ c/ x% i4 N8 m7 {
wchar_t *wsName = 0;/ C0 e+ |4 F. W
VARIANT vValue;8 F+ k ^! c0 K6 S p7 U+ c' B
VariantInit(&vValue);
9 ^7 w9 x3 ]* o( i5 {6 O1 L SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);# U2 W7 S' p5 Y
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);/ O! W& }+ C, m- V
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
6 H: h+ D# c, C; t; X SysFreeString(bs);+ A/ `# w) [# C) }
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if(hRes == S_OK)9 O1 y/ J2 U2 o. Q! r8 B/ y
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AnsiString s;3 g0 _8 | R4 F# Y* I. ?( K
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;4 A- u! Q, `% \- L/ P& f% R
if(v.IsArray())- R0 g0 ~% u6 c7 F! f
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)8 a8 _6 I9 j: g9 m$ t
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
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s+=", ";
; A6 _; S7 N3 b s+=VarToStr(a);& b3 e9 n$ s1 _7 ^( ?5 o
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s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);! X4 P( O1 b% ^: w" y) Z
}
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VariantClear(&vValue);/ X9 c3 p+ e( u) x% P9 B
SysFreeString(wsName);
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, P8 x9 M, e7 M* d" L" k! G if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
7 d1 }7 j: W8 @- q0 L iEnumIdx++;
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6 X2 ~$ N6 D( V- \( Z1 e if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();6 u5 v+ E" y- K/ A+ m# ]
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();" _) e5 i# z& g+ C0 @, u
}
8 n/ M8 P" Z2 q0 g% q; b if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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* a1 s0 ? ?/ Y" }8 ^ if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();) @2 N7 F8 `! A# _5 e
}
; P& f1 r' |( ~" E. t/ ]//--------------------------------------------------------------------------- j) H2 b$ U6 R# G. J7 m, Q
% G1 y" s8 {5 h6 O1 W" ?7 Q) K// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
' r1 \/ k6 k: n1 R) ~void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender): \3 ]$ d" z6 Q* _) G
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");, ?; n' P7 r0 ~% Y/ r% v9 A
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
; {0 o7 S2 e( ~ Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:) Q$ m7 l4 e% v. \; ^
Win32_1394Controller
6 y& {0 V1 v) r' g. l. _ Win32_BaseBoard0 m2 [5 |$ I. S3 w2 n0 G) z
Win32_Battery6 h6 I' K2 W' q
Win32_BIOS
% L x4 P( |3 I! y) |. ]8 Q9 N2 @" ~ Win32_Bus
7 S: q5 j7 y) I* P( |; T. ], J Win32_CacheMemory
% w* e V* [- e0 K8 m; E" _% f$ R Win32_CDROMDrive3 e6 z1 }# y. o1 Z% X+ b
Win32_CurrentProbe
1 I3 @) U# I; q! @2 F9 c7 a( p1 _ Win32_DesktopMonitor+ n4 g5 _* ]5 P r' L" k
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress- ^' Y- G9 F, k2 d# u; B" R
Win32_DiskDrive
6 Y& A. r2 ]. N* D Win32_DisplayConfiguration
+ h3 i0 f4 E. u) q* Z Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration0 c& @- t7 E$ P8 N; T
Win32_DMAChannel Q8 t! L' G+ m# S y8 t0 z/ w
Win32_Fan6 x& {: g" F7 F( y7 ~
Win32_FloppyController
" A L6 b& B5 x# A n0 i Win32_FloppyDrive
, g; O8 c) K) z. j# M7 E7 X! ~! C2 b Win32_HeatPipe
, ^2 h$ `7 m& R1 J9 X Win32_IDEController
& o. P9 Z% x8 |" b1 H Win32_InfraredDevice) {6 H' @- n. ^2 O B8 Y+ Q
Win32_IRQResource# a) B C- y( K4 c7 ~7 g: {
Win32_Keyboard
8 c! z. r4 z+ \9 `+ s Win32_MemoryArray
6 s+ m# E. O8 J- T Win32_MemoryDevice
?3 B( T0 G# W/ ? Win32_MotherboardDevice K5 ~. X9 X' R O0 [# F
Win32_NetworkAdapter7 G9 R/ v: R5 j
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
" Z8 v3 i) L s3 ^( X ^& F8 A Win32_OnBoardDevice
% l; P( ^+ b2 ^# |' i; [% U Win32_ParallelPort( e: L- v; w, `; H0 Z n
Win32_PCMCIAController
: P( c8 L, b. g* U; F0 g: R Win32_PhysicalMemory
0 Y+ z$ c: n+ J- q z/ `3 Y Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray; ]" _( g5 X0 G2 Y
Win32_PnPEntity; B) E6 Z# {' p% z* ?
Win32_PointingDevice; \7 ^& Y+ K/ K- p5 c1 Q
Win32_PortableBattery* w, A4 s ^; A: t
Win32_PortConnector, T8 }! ^( @8 r
Win32_PortResource7 l9 X6 l+ s) ~9 A1 S# v* q! l0 i
Win32_POTSModem
5 \! _/ F2 G9 I( G+ y1 z3 z: { Win32_PowerManagementEvent! S9 [3 K" {: y% s8 W, q
Win32_Printer1 O( i/ N7 p0 @
Win32_PrinterConfiguration; f/ r* |* F4 ?
Win32_PrintJob
/ {6 _1 ]; X$ c B) _ Win32_Processor
9 j) L! l' T* p9 M# N' b Win32_Refrigeration
' A/ a/ [( V1 X5 t1 h" b Win32_SerialPort
9 S$ c0 c F u! {- m* v Win32_SerialPortConfiguration _% `% s" \. _4 e
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
8 L" j q6 B i6 U7 i$ V Win32_SoundDevice
# f0 Y; G5 K/ o" H* j5 ~, r Win32_SystemEnclosure9 t. b5 Q( O) ~4 K
Win32_SystemMemoryResource- F2 W+ A$ a V0 s+ D
Win32_SystemSlot2 @8 c. Z$ `$ }6 s- A) e+ ]
Win32_TapeDrive5 Q: F, Y5 G3 H: X/ z% t% V
Win32_TemperatureProbe
) G/ S" G9 i9 Q6 b/ X0 X1 t Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
+ |. k2 Z, l* N4 F Win32_USBController6 r+ r6 v. h8 F6 x) i7 w9 D
Win32_VideoConfiguration
4 l$ Q) Y$ A5 }6 g6 M" R Win32_VideoController( N2 O$ ^) ^8 J2 j& E, G5 p0 A
Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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