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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)- n2 }" l# ]0 ^
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 3 {! [2 G5 D6 b# L3 n+ O
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。5 b3 } K2 N5 t
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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& \( T4 J7 R: m( ZBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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① 初始化 COM 接口:& b# `7 b5 H5 c. {6 Z8 E/ e
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
# \, N4 E7 a, b 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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/ C" e/ D6 r+ a- b② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
) E- M) ~( N; U: e( I CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);% E$ F9 J! X6 E3 N3 `
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:& `4 |$ X( k$ \5 h& D
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)- ~3 ^6 A9 u4 {$ u0 t; ~9 @
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;) k* l5 g1 L$ v+ ^ [+ Q
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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0 e2 ~# |; b# _# Q- m( P IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;7 ]* P, G, z( Q" H1 ^" J+ |
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");" o& f' D; f8 |! j: \& a* P6 m" ]
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
" N/ `/ m: d1 ]6 w- ^ WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;% e# k/ g6 ?5 @# O( G: p* J
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;; Q& R* ^/ Z, o1 ?6 i( z0 a
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
" R, L/ u L0 ^2 X if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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c0 \5 |; Z6 L4 d int iEnumIdx = 0;
6 K9 S0 Y( z4 Y; n9 i while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK). s/ P7 o4 C! l
{
( T+ f( m6 A9 O8 f/ { lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;, H$ A$ O& k( f! U0 q/ D: ~
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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% B* [1 Y1 I, L5 M- R long vbl, vbu;
4 k ]9 j4 G) A6 {' n2 Z SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
K* ?" m8 T$ Q% w J" W, n SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);. E: S0 b7 l( W5 l6 j
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;+ D# U$ Q Y# z# K) J7 B, a, O
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
2 d) N- M( x) r% Q( |* ` VARIANT vValue;$ w7 z# F; D: @' W, _ G
VariantInit(&vValue);9 @$ ^9 n& P) w \: N+ p. T
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);! G2 I6 b$ h4 O+ u* ~
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
- v8 `1 S. ?7 i- w( D& J) O0 D" r0 X HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
t$ y% A( l, t4 O0 P7 w+ A SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)
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2 Y& _$ s) E' w- j5 k" j AnsiString s;, M) ^ Z0 I U8 i
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
, u: M1 O7 y$ s7 @- w) p if(v.IsArray())# y8 d- w* [5 ]# W
{
) U7 a* S* ?5 C# c f for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
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s+=", ";* v' E: q. b, O7 e
s+=VarToStr(a);* h h5 U P# r j7 r
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else
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: P( k, @; t& z0 z2 L2 E: p% @ s = VarToStr(v);6 O) @8 u3 N/ A K
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);+ T* M# _5 m/ _
}; ~2 d/ T$ K: N" Y
6 \8 U1 d5 |, r" L B VariantClear(&vValue);
) i" I7 Q( e6 }1 W* h4 N SysFreeString(wsName);
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$ `3 ]2 e- ~* a/ ^5 E. J! o( i" u if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);/ ~4 |! k) E) _( H2 W
iEnumIdx++;
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}
4 _' w) | t: u9 ?9 p if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();3 b ?- b6 f9 o' f/ @% d" F# h; h
}
# J4 X3 V& J: l2 G$ _6 j& } if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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* L; Q* h) b. B8 g if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();* j3 V+ d' m. g$ y
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:/ T2 a; d) K1 q/ V( l: J. C
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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- P+ B* s4 W# x/ H& b: h Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");2 W1 C" G9 W- ]5 b' i
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
4 J U' e0 x' l1 w Memo1->Lines->Add("");6 m3 F; M% s7 g, `1 f+ w7 G! B
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5 ?# M+ d+ ^' P2 J* m4 E! Q* \WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
/ z3 i9 }% n/ L/ X Win32_1394Controller
1 K8 U$ H3 D. t9 m( r- S Win32_BaseBoard
, R0 s( A8 l; B) ~+ { Win32_Battery, K- `% C$ r* j3 }
Win32_BIOS) h e+ V* W* E% h) ?9 O8 i
Win32_Bus
( s" O0 c; N8 r4 v% x# g& V Win32_CacheMemory
5 x0 C5 q* |& V- M8 ^: m' S Win32_CDROMDrive
. Z0 I* o) z1 s" s( O% w7 T( } Win32_CurrentProbe& ~4 D. X/ A+ M* H4 ?0 N
Win32_DesktopMonitor
4 p8 J L! e2 e$ x& T: q Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
& U& d' ]5 ]0 q) F Win32_DiskDrive
" n, N( y9 L& A8 n F) } Win32_DisplayConfiguration
1 a' Z7 \6 H3 S* q% w6 Y Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
( F1 U9 e; P$ E, S4 `+ X( ?) _$ S Win32_DMAChannel& V+ @1 g" f3 q8 ^
Win32_Fan# o$ J9 T E! p0 y# h" w$ V
Win32_FloppyController" c: h- e4 J( ]9 n
Win32_FloppyDrive. ^; w, p" A5 y4 N4 u7 I
Win32_HeatPipe
" B' m! H0 T: ~1 ?2 V* u% x0 Y Win32_IDEController
* U2 |+ t/ U+ u4 {* K/ B Win32_InfraredDevice
5 t: O* w( V1 f% T' r4 H1 E Win32_IRQResource) I" O) U; b3 B1 A% n, ?
Win32_Keyboard
$ L" }2 O( g2 P+ N; A Win32_MemoryArray
) }5 F" M7 R* a: O/ u Win32_MemoryDevice
; O3 \( S5 e5 j. L# ^( G Win32_MotherboardDevice
" ~. _2 x% e( c Win32_NetworkAdapter# S' E A- r* F) G' G3 M" T6 G
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
0 c7 q, w1 R! u A* l0 Q' E5 y7 m Win32_OnBoardDevice
" N J2 v. @* ?/ t* E. ?* b- B Win32_ParallelPort: K6 v* R* Q/ A6 Q
Win32_PCMCIAController; l2 p( I4 k+ d' Z6 ?
Win32_PhysicalMemory8 O) m& l$ ?8 J& `
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray+ \2 Y% k$ ~0 v7 h0 p! R& ?" r% m
Win32_PnPEntity
; E9 w+ d: J0 m' P' @ Win32_PointingDevice
. }1 k8 u# n s4 Z0 Q Win32_PortableBattery
( k, E1 ?, Q0 [9 S& g Win32_PortConnector
0 t6 x. L4 B& H1 }" ? Win32_PortResource
, r6 m% J3 Y' U8 h } Win32_POTSModem
/ s1 k) g4 N+ f4 r: T' A) A& n1 f Win32_PowerManagementEvent
( c' ]# @2 d" w$ ~* S6 f& d7 {/ n5 C Win32_Printer
& K2 O7 R* j" |3 z' @( T Win32_PrinterConfiguration
& F- N/ [$ [" [ _ Win32_PrintJob9 V# W. _& r4 {4 u2 g- Y1 v2 | v
Win32_Processor2 \. j: B4 a$ \) g0 X p
Win32_Refrigeration0 ? s+ R1 o: Z$ |& D, ` o
Win32_SerialPort( U* X5 L$ {, Q h* w4 `) y6 m5 r
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration1 V: C- R+ }& Y. x" d
Win32_SMBIOSMemory! _% B$ q$ x- Z: u
Win32_SoundDevice: A( ^1 U- d. H* j4 E% _' G a8 G
Win32_SystemEnclosure) f& B' n. N% g7 [0 N& N
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
, o9 b) x- X! Y Win32_SystemSlot( w, s# G* F& p; a( M' u
Win32_TapeDrive
! K3 M: {. h! q* t" B* M6 U Win32_TemperatureProbe
, k; ?* B0 i3 q6 U6 i Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply1 m1 U) S7 _% ^6 y# {
Win32_USBController. {) ?$ r ^9 l, `. m. w
Win32_VideoConfiguration
( F; n) C, d2 }* A Win32_VideoController
3 L+ I8 W$ `. A- l& }! h Win32_VoltageProbe
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8 V% d( {$ u7 j以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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