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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)6 G- n4 G% |3 c3 V7 w4 p* h9 I
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)+ d5 v( A4 a9 Z J; f8 X# h W
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
, s# y* z: A7 t4 M 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
. r1 f6 S3 d9 X- s$ V: |5 ^ 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 & \ o$ z9 u! B
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- e& w! _" P# a: t# pBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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7 ~4 r) U7 f, r6 c: N: [① 初始化 COM 接口:
) z2 Q1 \/ {4 ]" G5 z" H: l+ o4 E 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。3 O3 l7 Q1 k! i
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。$ I. ]6 w1 K' L; Z% k
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:& ], W7 Q" D) C: t0 Y- c6 x R
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);3 X+ \- x3 b. r
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。* {7 R9 p0 j2 w( D/ p5 I
& o' B% o) j' W5 j③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
8 g% N3 M: v1 H' y' v 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。, y( a% a$ {- `7 I' b! y3 R+ {/ Z
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)5 o6 ~/ O( \0 o( S4 K4 h
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
, E" q0 n- e6 ]5 d0 K if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;% c2 s6 r" ^, ^3 B' Y; D
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
0 @: N, a& w1 `; I; a if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;% o" I) k# D# _( O2 B
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
8 @( U1 {1 d! y9 k' k% S+ Y, s& Q if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)' \) z9 C, W% J" Z. l4 @
{
5 [$ j! `3 {3 K$ T6 V; b IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
& [/ Z9 l* p$ Q/ v& v4 t ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;8 B- O! _2 P6 F# Z8 g
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;5 S/ E2 f/ a- w. d- w
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)8 A: A a5 q+ G' ^7 w# S% u2 Q
{
$ a/ {0 A+ j' R1 r3 u8 U% A lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");# _+ c0 E, Q, E3 Z& E0 o
; c; k$ R; j) s& j! c; T$ ^) V SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;: w# E7 @3 L, \( T2 _
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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1 ?/ ?& c4 |. o" ]; ?3 ] long vbl, vbu;* G+ `1 P# {0 l3 D9 a+ s
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
2 u: l( S( ?4 E' z5 L) X SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);9 B% M7 y; F% N( b. _+ ^- d
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)4 R) r$ k2 U1 H A# ^
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long aidx = idx;
$ r7 y: F f( Y2 z" l8 s wchar_t *wsName = 0;- H5 f1 o/ n# ^3 u; N2 @6 B
VARIANT vValue;
) @% q* c; } ^8 M! T VariantInit(&vValue);
0 Q J$ i% J4 y9 u0 D0 `" } SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);; W/ H0 w1 c5 p6 X- h' ]' j
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);( G9 t. m* ]$ m4 S5 v0 _& h$ _, g
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);( c* x0 q- p7 x1 Z
SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)
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3 l$ b/ H2 D! L y AnsiString s;+ Q' A0 m" Z; A8 g) l
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
) M) N2 K+ Q4 y) W. O if(v.IsArray())* M+ a; F. C) K; r; |1 m
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
6 w! M/ s! \% n$ V+ S4 l if(!s.IsEmpty())
- i( X. l2 ~# n) d: q+ w s+=", ";
# K j; t0 d* L s+=VarToStr(a);
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; r! w) q& S; ^9 L, } else
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s = VarToStr(v);( I# P* }* A! I/ x9 C4 P% Y4 E# D
}
: i5 ^, t4 w) w1 m K8 V9 J2 s lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);8 F2 Y8 q, K& ~6 a4 B
}
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. r6 t1 l, `# k0 n; j VariantClear(&vValue);6 @1 w) d- {6 i5 z0 c( ]9 N: K& M' }) T
SysFreeString(wsName);* a5 ?7 J9 L n( v8 S
}
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
0 k n$ m3 m* w1 J6 g9 L iEnumIdx++;+ d5 _& ]5 ]3 ?* I' D n
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}
. P. m4 k4 \: J/ d. U6 x if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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* [! h" Q# Z4 D4 B7 i# R if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();% t+ ]$ O9 i' @( q, {
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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5 M* W# K5 L/ _$ |// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
, u- `3 ?9 u! ~void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender) W# p) q. O+ m5 L4 J
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
6 S. S& l* m- d- t9 u/ l) H$ ` GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");5 \4 K: ]! T# r% C, q& i
Memo1->Lines->Add("");6 M+ {, \# T' b
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2 E3 J0 q+ r4 n# BWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:0 t- \ c% P2 K
Win32_1394Controller0 b# k0 j: o5 \. U5 ?6 o" L
Win32_BaseBoard& s: N! c! a0 G3 w+ o: `) q
Win32_Battery/ ^7 E; `) b2 s& [! r
Win32_BIOS5 B1 f! |; t: [5 I
Win32_Bus
, t {0 V7 O5 s0 J Win32_CacheMemory
/ O. O; {1 P6 y) y" ^# h+ _5 f Win32_CDROMDrive
9 _+ V% p( @8 e9 e2 P' E Win32_CurrentProbe. i0 m. ?) c4 \0 G% B' x) Q3 D
Win32_DesktopMonitor
/ m4 k5 ^! E2 P9 C Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress8 T8 X7 Z+ o6 H. ~% `$ U8 p
Win32_DiskDrive$ s9 A6 P8 F7 l. W7 j
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
$ Y2 a, L% x& l& n Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration( [- ~) W7 @2 Q/ h! P% k \; Z
Win32_DMAChannel5 }& x. l) t8 k4 }/ g i
Win32_Fan
0 a2 ~* E1 _/ H- x3 G Win32_FloppyController# P# @1 w2 r$ m/ b
Win32_FloppyDrive
% f1 o. b/ |/ S' E a Win32_HeatPipe0 G8 L! j! z/ i g+ { K4 ]
Win32_IDEController
+ _- G2 \6 n" H5 i Win32_InfraredDevice2 V& {8 p* s6 y9 W0 Z* L7 W# z6 j
Win32_IRQResource
r, _0 i6 l2 e# w Win32_Keyboard
* b5 M5 y8 R0 Y0 e Win32_MemoryArray; a/ Q9 {! H( z
Win32_MemoryDevice
) I# h& X: j5 P& s: E8 j Win32_MotherboardDevice
) _) a9 W- e6 m5 [8 ^ Win32_NetworkAdapter; P. M& v& Z- @
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration0 z* q' j* r* J5 D
Win32_OnBoardDevice
4 Z$ r# i9 f+ O- p Win32_ParallelPort
' S0 H+ N8 b. ?/ x; U Win32_PCMCIAController
m" z: b0 j% F9 P, l- g Win32_PhysicalMemory: i [( ]% a% X3 J4 O5 n6 Q7 I
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
$ B3 q: k/ q2 g/ M Win32_PnPEntity# H7 n! R% r- }" U
Win32_PointingDevice5 p0 a& F& R1 ]9 t$ u/ o
Win32_PortableBattery. q$ C! p2 h& p/ l5 A
Win32_PortConnector
$ e* g) [/ Z O+ o0 _0 Z Win32_PortResource
/ q( T) @. U, J7 A# i; k" L Win32_POTSModem
, }# M9 ~. r3 q" Q" C3 X, M Win32_PowerManagementEvent K o" J0 R/ o1 W
Win32_Printer6 M5 a" ^4 X5 P$ N: `
Win32_PrinterConfiguration8 V) X4 K; V! Q: S; [" O8 v
Win32_PrintJob
4 z: u# N f% l Win32_Processor
# B1 P/ P" z) Z/ @# u Win32_Refrigeration: c5 `: Y l+ f* u* o0 M3 J; u5 ]
Win32_SerialPort& Z1 m0 y9 X' Q0 w* K" l
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
- N( t+ {" ]2 g7 O5 u: Q& d Win32_SMBIOSMemory$ ?, [$ U# Z2 {- V& K/ A3 }
Win32_SoundDevice, F, t$ Z. n" J( \% H4 s, q6 v3 v
Win32_SystemEnclosure
$ I8 Q6 @6 [" l2 c# y6 d Win32_SystemMemoryResource
* \& |% h. s. _# K) ` Win32_SystemSlot! Q. J& q: j8 r% l/ k
Win32_TapeDrive. |; K4 z! D; P6 {
Win32_TemperatureProbe
. j1 ]9 E* I: }( Y Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply( @! ]3 e. _. T! N" M. K7 X h
Win32_USBController
& v" |8 C# a! t3 p) J Win32_VideoConfiguration
; |) I" S/ o* g Win32_VideoController
# ~) f( ]* V! X" [' C- ~ Win32_VoltageProbe
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% I% [4 d% W# n& c% c# D: w) j以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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