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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)) t2 P$ B0 C& X5 J
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% D! B+ r0 C' S% C6 f0 NWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
B8 J K9 z; F0 u 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 6 i2 V1 X0 `7 ]3 s
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。+ _/ f/ j( l b; c' O i& |
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 # H7 U/ A2 ?. @, i* D
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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& ?3 X. Q3 x, c; x① 初始化 COM 接口:
- |2 X$ z. @9 S8 d6 e/ J3 ?+ O- I 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
+ g( J2 ?" f3 d1 y1 x( W0 b 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。) n+ |- I2 b% O& @
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:% T4 }7 N) B0 {( d8 W6 p
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);8 s0 o* J2 Y" G6 M% d
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。+ v- }' n9 Q t+ V4 ^' h
3 n" `! {1 `' W) x6 I③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
, ^! Q3 I& D, i3 Z 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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' C2 a& c' o3 |4 M6 B0 B8 v7 Bvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
: U" h3 v/ h! G if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)" n* w" ^' X4 k# N, o7 G4 x
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
5 M$ @1 o; b/ K$ o9 D WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");) [( k' p6 E" e& |& ~
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)9 \( q$ j d+ z# e' h- P7 |7 x3 U
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;4 w0 f4 s. Y3 ]6 Z. W& A* N: B
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;& h" v. a8 g* T* ]
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;( R9 D( D# c# p3 t5 J0 s# [2 ]
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;# F" U+ {3 X J, j. m
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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: Y4 R6 S/ b; |8 M* e* M int iEnumIdx = 0;7 F# \ _* F! a) K
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)/ G; l5 e, H8 s7 J
{
8 M; T N: x$ s( O ~3 D- M" ^8 L lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");1 }0 U# B; Q9 y- R
$ ^) k( c, j M* g c) n SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
2 f9 e E- D: O- O0 X' B% d3 s0 o if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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7 `" \% @& s. H X3 Z s long vbl, vbu;
2 [& R7 L6 P$ [ SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
0 L% \+ J6 t7 y% _, W) Z. s& J SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);, G# H: `: C: j! p
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)+ |4 u' a0 a# ^: ]
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long aidx = idx;1 c, a- @, {/ [; Z9 N9 e3 q& z4 t6 u
wchar_t *wsName = 0;1 J/ G# Q/ x3 J. ^9 S
VARIANT vValue;
* [9 W. H4 b( s ^ VariantInit(&vValue);. x( }+ c2 J9 a/ A
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName); h5 S+ k; A8 v+ e
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);3 o* I; I( U% N" H" a; G/ f$ Z6 ]
SysFreeString(bs);
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0 x7 y4 d6 i e9 P if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;5 y. @% ?+ r3 ^* v7 z8 j9 b2 C
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
# W; F0 ?3 _: P+ U1 o if(v.IsArray())
) P" }( x5 W$ _2 Q+ U {
' N" \7 G* J( c6 E- r4 n for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)0 d- N2 U' i' r
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
. {) n" x8 T8 I R+ @ if(!s.IsEmpty())
& e( ^8 I. D1 m0 ~) c2 y7 n3 o s+=", ";
/ ~3 F7 g/ r+ B s+=VarToStr(a);
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, M- U, j$ i$ l& E. w5 d else
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& l9 \% v9 X$ U, e9 I6 v, b! s9 _ s = VarToStr(v);: x" x4 r; ~; ~ }* O* F6 o0 c: }
}
3 _: ` e) @+ O' _ lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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7 H: p1 t/ j; G0 n VariantClear(&vValue); M$ f, E6 Z3 z/ N( V
SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
9 V7 }; e) ?1 S( w# q; A iEnumIdx++;# X5 Q2 g0 v \/ W( c( b8 d; X! C
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}
5 e: h3 u1 D/ j0 f) t if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();; F' `4 h' k4 a4 X! i
}
: p& ~' m/ S u8 J5 K' j9 W if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();5 Q. Z0 D, v. A3 V
}
9 U( r: E8 k) N3 m" W5 q- I if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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4 t, V8 o* J& ^& i if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();/ \% P6 \& _# j- L5 i" u
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- w6 u- U! Y9 Y// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:& U0 b1 |& [8 q7 }
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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5 i- k' g8 b/ @) I9 `# A% p3 w' a0 a Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
6 D4 L, {; l' {" ^8 s9 R& k2 F7 { GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");. ^& @! W, E# L2 O2 l
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:, p1 Y! b9 _/ U B
Win32_1394Controller# \/ I! U- g2 m; j5 L
Win32_BaseBoard4 r5 B8 z1 |, {2 b A9 ^3 b/ H
Win32_Battery5 q/ b8 H7 x; O, n$ P" E% L
Win32_BIOS" n2 A/ b0 q/ s2 ?+ N T6 ~5 I
Win32_Bus
6 C6 p7 q5 V( A* ] D" r3 h Win32_CacheMemory
2 H0 w3 o* e. |% M- |/ n Win32_CDROMDrive4 z n3 Y- D" C( n F
Win32_CurrentProbe
% D3 G, h9 U- ` P8 i& H: ~ Win32_DesktopMonitor
3 Z( e: Q& t3 l/ k) S Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
* n" n# ]) [$ ~+ k: B) j Win32_DiskDrive
1 m# K$ v# c. T Win32_DisplayConfiguration
8 ?$ s0 B/ n3 _9 d; y9 I1 P3 P Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration0 @3 g" `. {5 ~: Q. v5 c
Win32_DMAChannel
; z% _. f6 o- y Win32_Fan
' `5 s* ]9 E4 }( f Win32_FloppyController
& K$ c6 |/ |+ }" n& X2 y1 l1 |2 ~. Z Win32_FloppyDrive
4 p9 a) v# @* E# t. _; H( s' H: S Win32_HeatPipe
6 _; y: o8 X$ k* k Win32_IDEController
" l& i. g, i- ^1 p' q; x P& x& s Win32_InfraredDevice/ o& h& A' H6 |# Q, s/ P
Win32_IRQResource0 D: G. P, d0 Q! E' Q: S
Win32_Keyboard
/ {5 O' S0 ]1 `% ^( w* p o9 v Win32_MemoryArray
2 K5 s- i6 b- A Win32_MemoryDevice
% Q' m5 I0 {* D1 j& j) t$ f5 C Win32_MotherboardDevice. A; b4 u1 B; G1 g- c: M' _
Win32_NetworkAdapter
. @8 w0 r: P+ T# V9 y1 @: { Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
7 b/ L) t8 W2 c% |' B Win32_OnBoardDevice3 L$ f. r( _' j6 x$ U8 B/ a* p
Win32_ParallelPort
/ i+ M( F3 R8 C8 w9 r) E6 Q u- R Win32_PCMCIAController
- S* ?4 u. Z# f1 h' D2 U Win32_PhysicalMemory
0 f% w( K# y' ? Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray/ n/ K7 c& [6 s, F. r
Win32_PnPEntity
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) j) g7 J* K3 \( G5 W Win32_PortableBattery: X# _9 e% i. m* j( o4 e
Win32_PortConnector3 S3 A) p4 r. M0 n& B
Win32_PortResource
, ]! @" g' S7 u3 i9 u; z0 O Win32_POTSModem2 [3 b( m( C* i- b9 U
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
- ?& N8 W: ?7 d; k: s# g" Y1 G8 Z Win32_Printer
, a' A$ U0 p5 H Win32_PrinterConfiguration5 U' ^, w/ [8 a0 c& z
Win32_PrintJob% C, j2 c6 {. H6 m) Q
Win32_Processor- d; n1 f- j6 d) f$ X9 B3 G! A5 ]/ T
Win32_Refrigeration% F+ H/ i4 {+ d2 g: e) Q
Win32_SerialPort
{( q# A3 p) I8 u+ G7 H Win32_SerialPortConfiguration8 {6 b9 q) K/ O
Win32_SMBIOSMemory% B( Q- i* f4 P( [8 \
Win32_SoundDevice- }: y6 `1 z+ f9 t$ V
Win32_SystemEnclosure7 E2 G$ }- [2 d! ]0 O
Win32_SystemMemoryResource2 P6 ]8 L9 P( N- l9 R* a
Win32_SystemSlot& j0 \/ |( ~ r8 F8 f+ {' x, H
Win32_TapeDrive9 n3 R5 C) F- @$ j1 y O# y2 Q
Win32_TemperatureProbe
! ?, j4 ]8 N3 ~! ]7 ?9 m1 o Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
Z: H0 I+ A8 H5 X& W Win32_USBController
% ]" b$ V% |& ]/ e7 }* ~, Q Win32_VideoConfiguration. U: X' K* g1 r8 S6 ~9 F
Win32_VideoController
9 K& n/ d/ v: u; ] t# p Win32_VoltageProbe
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' `$ y1 w1 F; w3 R" D以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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