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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)7 n k0 ~# `# c; d! G
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3 }- F; `$ x- H( E& K$ mWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)) q" ?+ x/ h* j: q
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
7 G* M+ i7 X2 G$ ], ]8 X% b/ L0 d 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
7 T3 g4 o1 f, [' ^/ Q 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 ; P1 q7 g5 P9 ], `0 N, N
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! q9 }; X u% zBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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: \2 w$ g" U1 E; O8 c0 z① 初始化 COM 接口:6 U0 Q8 F4 i; v* ^4 y/ w8 A
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
" b6 X3 W* U) I4 m4 t0 x 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。. \, P& d2 N6 S/ z) p
8 E* V. `% a1 v7 Y- E$ K8 V7 |% c② 获取访问 WMI 权限:" \2 D( k2 d) c/ U+ K
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);2 Y0 R/ N8 V( {
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。& F9 g' t7 M1 z p7 ^' m( d: ]
2 b- D3 a. H/ p" D3 {③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:' ~5 c! v2 i$ P( y
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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: G5 z/ B; r1 o) X, uvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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) b; \4 p, L; ~% V IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
, b% Z% z* ^: ]3 {8 a7 [ if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)! U1 @! q* f' {
{
2 A8 {5 `; p1 U2 J k7 j* R IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
5 ]- w6 k$ H+ q6 q WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
+ c$ o5 J& g# ^: D& |8 }: q if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK): o! m; E/ p6 M `) U. p
{
# t' y/ S" K5 b- p" a, B IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
- p7 U( w' y. _: { WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
( a# ^* g1 b8 i. i9 Z$ } if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;' h+ ? D& A5 O* `# N! M% b0 ^
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;& d z# U3 f* W
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)' u1 T4 U# P; Q
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int iEnumIdx = 0;0 `& v& r3 r# G9 [
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)* l! t1 J( q: @: d7 _2 ~1 a% N& k
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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; U4 u' q c n9 | SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;2 W2 |( i! y6 Q9 ^) u
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)$ m$ H" h7 x6 P& a6 C+ x- L
{
$ A9 S! s2 L/ Z7 x. o, v" z long vbl, vbu;
/ R* }1 x z+ g* c. W SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);3 c3 K- ?( G7 ?8 a0 h
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
8 e3 P' S* z- B; C4 T) _; \9 m5 D for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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0 j' d @# r4 e6 z' v) H9 z3 t long aidx = idx;
; k" u4 C+ B4 v" T: T) L7 Q5 u wchar_t *wsName = 0;
3 O, G/ A$ h8 z" T" f' R, D! J VARIANT vValue;
; S6 g q q7 ~) h8 G VariantInit(&vValue);: P8 A3 M4 O. H
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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# Z; C8 v. y4 a BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
: f. |& {0 \+ d! [$ R1 l HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
|9 }8 O K6 n2 Q5 ? SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;6 c& h$ H4 g6 A6 b" [' E
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
$ a( D+ B: `; F2 M( w if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)0 l C% R V" ~. s! S
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
: I( C1 i; q) Y2 s if(!s.IsEmpty())
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s+=VarToStr(a);
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else
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s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);7 Q& @1 e4 y. B/ ?( N5 Q7 [
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1 f* x! X0 o7 L' H {+ j% ?( u/ Q VariantClear(&vValue);
2 H* \9 z1 @$ ?' c s' m3 A SysFreeString(wsName);; m: j8 O) v) M9 T6 l0 j- V
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);+ s* \! m2 v5 Q! Q
iEnumIdx++;
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' G' x( {0 D& ~& T4 D- Y+ n if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();: t6 ~ |5 ^4 X+ K! k
}
1 T9 T T% s Q" D$ l7 z if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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# g, u* w9 d$ |, u if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();% F+ O) j1 ~# ~: D4 y5 Q
}
# F9 F- x6 ~' x) ?$ X" v if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------% t: w, p# i4 \0 _
" Y# J2 @1 J* C, R2 J4 m// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
$ m* Q; E/ V' y. a' |2 qvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)% r: d8 S! V; w, X& I
{
6 C# I: q+ ~2 n1 T( o Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
8 B/ j G, ?9 E+ L9 H' P GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
; X' j) L4 }8 a( ~7 T Memo1->Lines->Add("");. i; A( c- u0 M9 t" V4 {. p2 d
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:# z: p: F$ u' x4 m- W; g0 d4 L% T
Win32_1394Controller S: H0 M: v+ c& {' d
Win32_BaseBoard
8 D5 i# k. O; a' o8 E0 f( r# N Win32_Battery0 A$ t: f1 ^! H" X$ ^- F/ ?
Win32_BIOS
3 S: h5 h2 l& \" a+ z Win32_Bus
9 M. j. H0 A$ I C! S Win32_CacheMemory+ C9 `/ X4 Z/ O7 h
Win32_CDROMDrive
z3 W- Z4 Q# Z Win32_CurrentProbe3 d/ U, S6 W6 G$ l, x/ W6 K
Win32_DesktopMonitor6 ]0 s n/ Y( l5 U' W) r4 U
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
2 n1 n" |' \1 E8 j+ w- s Win32_DiskDrive) k2 H7 x1 ^0 {4 O
Win32_DisplayConfiguration5 U9 D1 h! H& \9 [/ f- a2 t) @
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
0 b5 Q2 `7 b* S$ b/ U Win32_DMAChannel* W7 I# q1 R) s0 u8 D$ C
Win32_Fan
P7 V6 i- Q7 y% z Win32_FloppyController
/ V& b4 K5 X/ x$ L+ h% S7 \ Win32_FloppyDrive
- E' n7 m' q8 D" Y/ j2 J* n* Q& U# o Win32_HeatPipe
2 x% t" k8 K/ @9 d( Z8 { Win32_IDEController
, O' ]. ^ R) k, E" p, x7 l Win32_InfraredDevice
' t$ g7 \, d6 A! r, } Win32_IRQResource. C) @% {8 J$ m. \7 t9 r* m
Win32_Keyboard8 ?9 D! _! n1 J8 p% g5 ^
Win32_MemoryArray
" V1 ?+ [% m( C; A( H, A# | Win32_MemoryDevice
$ u6 P' X6 T/ }0 c' F2 ` Win32_MotherboardDevice% V# I$ O9 l$ c) y- v
Win32_NetworkAdapter
* L9 N: ]+ a# P Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration7 T' x4 Y4 A4 m: O3 |% t( a$ t
Win32_OnBoardDevice. \& a' I9 n) p* D& [
Win32_ParallelPort& x) O% ^: _4 _: o2 Z3 Z9 g
Win32_PCMCIAController
! @8 ~; V! y7 H8 a Win32_PhysicalMemory$ J. i4 @5 k! ~: R4 h& ?7 n
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray+ @* A- P6 `2 f+ { y
Win32_PnPEntity n) ~2 w; e, G# u- k# W# k e
Win32_PointingDevice
]6 V1 U1 a8 }5 x Win32_PortableBattery
9 X6 x% v& i# Q4 g% z; ~ Win32_PortConnector5 }) N* \2 W' ^' p5 s$ Z! u$ n/ ~
Win32_PortResource: @& S3 q* ]0 \: s
Win32_POTSModem
. G1 J. Y; @3 k9 ~. o( F Win32_PowerManagementEvent
$ v7 x% s7 l- P8 s( ? Win32_Printer
- L3 E" o# A% ?/ L) O Win32_PrinterConfiguration
( V1 S! S6 Z6 s7 i$ e1 Z% ~8 h Win32_PrintJob* t( L& B$ e/ t, i4 K5 H
Win32_Processor
% C5 [" n( V4 e4 _7 L) T: ? Win32_Refrigeration
' v! _3 C5 p8 ^ [! K' l Win32_SerialPort8 P: B5 ^/ I0 |
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
. ~+ R" m! R. S" C' T Win32_SMBIOSMemory# E: H3 c% x% e
Win32_SoundDevice7 S! Z) ^: J+ r, S( ^
Win32_SystemEnclosure
. S3 }- s" L% v$ S! i0 E( u2 j/ C2 |8 O Win32_SystemMemoryResource. @! W) i* Z3 \
Win32_SystemSlot
5 H8 D* f% W) B6 t4 b0 v Win32_TapeDrive
' i* `$ R( o& D C7 `! W" d* |# S Win32_TemperatureProbe
4 d: X$ U! u6 w4 v% h Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply/ y7 j8 \# p, \
Win32_USBController
* \/ z- ]4 L- X Win32_VideoConfiguration
4 C) ~* u, {& w% Q1 e. L Win32_VideoController
! ?/ z/ {. N8 b5 _* {. I, x% h Win32_VoltageProbe
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: |2 w4 x! G3 a6 x/ ]- V3 Y6 _( z以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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