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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)& y$ g: `* P2 u6 I
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" f8 V* _/ ?) D3 q& xWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)4 j' N& m" @: {
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
, B) v) Y* A8 K 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
/ b8 }3 @ Y' {- G0 \& f* I 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面, q' p2 @ ~$ K0 |" q+ D
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① 初始化 COM 接口:& F3 W& P: E' f8 \1 y9 O: ^! f
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。- |8 c7 Q# Y" C# v% O+ u b2 V
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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y# m x+ @( P: x* A. v( }3 q* h② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
: h5 g9 h0 Q1 [/ S( L CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);- o" G" F6 _2 N8 ]5 a P- o
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。, r# s2 l' w: u
, c! i1 i! @! s8 {3 w③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:6 ~" L9 G; }9 c) @
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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6 I; v- m0 y T8 u, tvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
7 d: ]1 s: x* p6 s! G0 n if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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+ B' F _ ]2 L+ X IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;# ?* ~7 \, a9 Q1 e
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");1 u7 K( o3 s5 I: d3 ?* _& F
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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% K) A# r' U. z% o) }$ b6 h IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;) L/ f( ^& {2 S" i1 \" ?
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;# Y7 J2 V$ u9 n3 Y3 S
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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2 R/ Q0 l6 B. R( V. J IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
* G4 F6 ?1 O# j: v9 p ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
( P" B J8 P) ?3 k* T. X if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)# K$ |" A/ ]; S( `8 t
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int iEnumIdx = 0;! e( x; i! P# B8 T Z- R; e, h. b
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)& L7 L/ g7 y% ]6 j! O
{
4 t# F0 W, C/ d$ f lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");! O, H n8 z# z+ b- n
0 o, J* U F; T! [$ n/ h$ c8 ?+ I SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;, ?: M1 l$ ^$ C/ e8 ~; }' O
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)' l5 J) S4 Z; |# T
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long vbl, vbu;
9 L$ n! Z2 [( c: }7 @6 n: X SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
# a' n+ }6 d7 y8 o SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);/ ~4 p/ d- K7 h2 V2 _
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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/ z4 v. ^+ y" _; P long aidx = idx;8 l: q, n4 H: q4 d2 C
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
9 m& p% `% u$ \7 y5 W VARIANT vValue;% ]4 X( N* z: m- M L
VariantInit(&vValue);
/ Y0 P5 q" f2 q( M SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);$ `4 Q& [" N. `1 _! Q( F9 V. r
" h6 d3 y' _/ e3 o; u5 s5 E BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
3 ? `$ X* f8 V HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
- _& l5 E& J4 h7 g9 {1 T+ ^ SysFreeString(bs);
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, U& d ?6 o8 t" X if(hRes == S_OK)
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2 _$ A3 r" K3 h' x2 B AnsiString s;
! X# [6 n$ K0 \1 O" C; U Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;6 l. S D- B, w6 n$ k
if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)8 F9 m/ O% y8 F, D2 C @: ?
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
& m: O- L) ^5 D0 R6 p8 ~- ~ if(!s.IsEmpty())
2 P# K/ j( [1 k) j& H+ L. \ s+=", ";
# A, k/ c8 ~4 x( |/ } s+=VarToStr(a);$ d' [0 C, D* }7 J0 c4 D. O+ K# d
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else
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s = VarToStr(v);
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1 s; i4 ^0 A6 L) y# q" [" a lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s); \$ ? u' Z& ~0 a' n
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VariantClear(&vValue);/ W( e" @/ u4 e3 W) |2 f- Q- M/ j* M
SysFreeString(wsName);1 s$ N8 w; G0 A: |; t9 B4 K& @. t
}
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3 |+ \" V1 W [/ Z; s if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);8 A# n1 ~( B* c5 |) O1 u. R5 a
iEnumIdx++;- c H O, O9 `, n/ h- e
}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();- \/ I- M$ m4 o- p7 V4 `: _
}
2 r5 `* q. f3 {+ G) L1 q4 G/ t9 X if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();) h' R6 E7 z5 c8 m! w* ^ I# |. Y
}
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$ Q8 c, m& ~/ o* [* c) `$ Y// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
9 E5 e+ p M( b& I6 Vvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender); ~2 H, m0 s1 G' h8 v; m9 ~! v
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");1 S( v' i" I5 N0 s2 r
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); Z, v: |" ]& O( P( J
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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3 ^6 i" k' L3 \8 Y" q9 qWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
- _" C- n7 [5 s' S- i Win32_1394Controller1 k% X7 Z* Q- v
Win32_BaseBoard; p2 T" P8 u1 C( Y& ^' J- Z- Y. i
Win32_Battery
( A" Z1 t) \8 U( `) L) c Win32_BIOS6 y' b2 `' v- ?8 {
Win32_Bus
* p5 y( C1 F# d9 ^8 U; k' b Win32_CacheMemory
1 X( K% r i2 y$ R+ E Win32_CDROMDrive
) z9 N; ]1 _* O% u i- c) G& d Win32_CurrentProbe1 \( f; c9 K3 N& h8 }, |+ O' B
Win32_DesktopMonitor
' p* _, v- |8 Q9 o5 A Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
% ?3 B8 K( h! M, C* ^7 _7 i Win32_DiskDrive/ B: U& Q) u- C1 M
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
7 L+ r( t W1 f, K5 S Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
) d3 ?% G' `! R, _0 \5 L# U/ M Win32_DMAChannel3 y0 f; M" L! a- |) j& r6 A6 \
Win32_Fan
' Y# Z0 F; q) m7 R Win32_FloppyController2 H/ Q5 `) b. w2 s
Win32_FloppyDrive6 D( Y6 K2 V7 k) p3 A" {
Win32_HeatPipe
! l7 {6 }6 W6 g" t1 i Win32_IDEController
$ P2 l5 A6 C4 g% s. Z. P Win32_InfraredDevice
7 x5 P* f/ y2 @7 m Win32_IRQResource! g7 W8 [- [! O4 \+ g9 J" N
Win32_Keyboard1 [' }7 J2 Y, v, r! v! L
Win32_MemoryArray; ^! t" q& u- e" K
Win32_MemoryDevice. S4 L9 R; P8 r& U* u. T8 s) p
Win32_MotherboardDevice5 L) C& j; }1 v: X9 Q' @0 c
Win32_NetworkAdapter
4 ]9 s. j: C! l4 r) ~5 V8 d Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration- k7 X# t) M8 p- G
Win32_OnBoardDevice
2 S1 P, W8 M3 D5 V Win32_ParallelPort2 Z4 K' H3 U E4 W. j
Win32_PCMCIAController8 J8 K9 R+ x- K4 N/ l& w
Win32_PhysicalMemory
+ g8 P- L4 B' `5 Z- L# |) `6 L7 w Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray( ~2 U- R' @9 m% q. ^
Win32_PnPEntity
! u( j" s! e7 p$ B8 l% z Win32_PointingDevice9 T" m& {' |& E% v9 O0 s" G, ?8 n
Win32_PortableBattery7 s, f0 w" `- ]1 q, W) P
Win32_PortConnector3 ?1 @. b! R; @0 {, L1 C& w
Win32_PortResource! P$ P7 @* a0 F
Win32_POTSModem4 ^: c k9 y" @' f3 m; N L! S: Z
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
0 \. l: x# h" v: u' v8 _ Win32_Printer
2 i9 b. R9 D" U Win32_PrinterConfiguration$ u4 g7 Z4 L# m |$ C( e
Win32_PrintJob
0 t) v8 |* a0 Y6 F Win32_Processor; E1 v8 P9 S* N
Win32_Refrigeration& G& g* B3 \6 K9 L! _5 a5 g' X( t
Win32_SerialPort0 k" |! a( P4 }( G" B; z
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
% w1 D: [ V' j8 O# H7 ?0 T/ E Win32_SMBIOSMemory
' k2 p$ L9 R5 V7 c Win32_SoundDevice7 |* h( Y8 ~( J) x$ r( X
Win32_SystemEnclosure) c# o& q3 Y; h5 ~: c
Win32_SystemMemoryResource7 E( x, Q1 |" s; w- L _- D
Win32_SystemSlot
. v# }6 I! }1 s$ K5 i$ x Win32_TapeDrive
: r- S' x+ P1 Q. `! ] Win32_TemperatureProbe! K. i4 \" _6 N' K+ g+ }
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
! m, l; ] L/ A2 @ Win32_USBController
/ P* F$ o4 ~: r8 l8 p4 } Win32_VideoConfiguration
8 A5 C# a5 o i% @* j Win32_VideoController! R0 X7 R8 \+ w7 o! Y
Win32_VoltageProbe
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. {( a, ^4 O0 Y/ j" ]以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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