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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)2 \. r; b9 Z. N0 f' h
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)7 J5 Z s) g' }7 C. M& c8 ~( y
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
* Q, z! g! \ T- {+ o 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
& @9 |. \/ L3 R `3 E4 v 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面) R5 f+ W: o' O2 j( ?
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① 初始化 COM 接口:! X* Y8 L( ~' Q* _
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
2 U" J; m! j: b' s$ M t 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。2 p$ }2 Q4 [( x2 h
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
4 M* |% X4 Z! M8 z5 Q CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);( P. o! N2 D. }; e
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:4 K. u8 h0 n! @6 X& T
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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: z0 l' p0 t' j; ?3 ^ IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
/ r% B1 k+ W, S% u4 _) i5 Q0 q if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;' M5 k* q- m# `
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
: O5 D7 e; o/ f2 {$ ~% e if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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8 X6 F7 O5 G$ C& x& A9 Q$ h! k# F" a IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL; h: h% o9 l3 I
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;. I4 p8 F5 n9 s" _7 N4 g9 A2 u
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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$ `# i/ l' ~4 Z3 F7 J/ p7 Z% g IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;& C1 V9 E1 U* i8 R( ~ @% E
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;0 Z( U9 J) K* [& M
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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9 I# w# C/ n& D8 E2 v int iEnumIdx = 0;8 G. w$ q, U$ O0 f6 l
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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: X/ e% G' o k7 V% I SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
% ^- A, x2 {) [4 k4 l' Y0 r; K if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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8 @3 q& s" E. a) Q- D I) c long vbl, vbu; }+ e* J5 N" J' d; e
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
4 m' Y/ C% h8 K4 j$ z SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);/ Y4 A2 h8 Y9 x# p
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx; I/ _4 G. q& g3 `( ^2 O5 t
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
2 T' w7 F, k5 T9 W& {+ o VARIANT vValue;5 \3 C' g8 R! B, n
VariantInit(&vValue);' l. R9 j1 P- O6 p0 q4 p" i
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);- h; C( }2 Q1 B+ d/ L! A- r
" x/ j% u+ F' x5 z1 T$ C BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
- V/ x. o$ c1 w2 M HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
: R ~. h$ O1 a3 k" |' G SysFreeString(bs);: [# W6 A0 ?8 \$ X7 {6 f+ P
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if(hRes == S_OK); h: h& u0 t( ^
{
; b2 P) j+ F q( g. ^. f9 N% ]- o AnsiString s;
$ ?. o) J$ A) D- }. Y, u0 i* x# r# U Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;3 e2 y" a4 T8 u: `2 R: f
if(v.IsArray())8 y$ [+ J$ o9 N3 Z# @, O3 Y+ `
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);3 J/ v v6 `4 \, z2 q* |6 K
if(!s.IsEmpty())
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s+=VarToStr(a);5 C/ P6 \! e( ^# s+ U0 X: t9 z
}
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else
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' g9 {( O' Q. M9 O, G( q s = VarToStr(v);7 w# E. l$ i( S1 b
}
: l V! [! r5 i% C lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);
8 |( p& \- I9 W- E4 X8 E SysFreeString(wsName);
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0 R) u6 Y* U, U" k$ I, m0 T if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
4 F6 C0 S1 T. B7 N iEnumIdx++;
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4 e1 C- n4 u+ {( R4 P- O if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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+ u0 }- z5 P% i+ ]- K0 s3 u6 j! x if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();7 { j: B/ D4 G9 X8 j
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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; B$ ]5 J+ @3 }' s% j: ~0 F if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();" z2 |( y' w. N
}
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
* O$ h: w% j& v4 C4 Z) Cvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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1 @+ A# Y, F& j+ A2 c: [2 V! O J Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");: v! K) h4 y- b2 y: E y( @
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
0 s5 ?; \. [5 I Memo1->Lines->Add("");! t8 n5 g; O+ C0 \+ T! {
}
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
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Win32_BaseBoard
$ G5 C0 K; Q3 |. Y; A$ C2 k5 E Win32_Battery+ V$ S p& |- o5 M3 A! [5 E
Win32_BIOS
0 c- u( O6 m' R' L2 Y. X! ^: e Win32_Bus. D5 F( n) V" m7 [: W& j' C3 D
Win32_CacheMemory, Q$ Z. E9 R* v+ m4 `
Win32_CDROMDrive# S8 P& X: I" D7 r+ r6 {+ h
Win32_CurrentProbe
3 {) q3 G. P) `8 ? Win32_DesktopMonitor% I; s% }5 N/ e0 @: L, d
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress/ A9 e- Y+ l# `6 H9 f
Win32_DiskDrive. l2 F, c8 c# v1 B; b
Win32_DisplayConfiguration0 Z+ V% w; X3 k" s. o7 X6 ]
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration1 X- A. o0 j; M9 w
Win32_DMAChannel0 H. c- e7 F# V6 y5 O
Win32_Fan; x1 U6 Z" ^8 f' ~/ q
Win32_FloppyController
# h# \; o- n' T$ Z# p Win32_FloppyDrive
7 c6 q4 `! E k: Y! _% w Win32_HeatPipe
6 l4 h) q5 W+ D3 ~- u* j Win32_IDEController
# ? A; _5 h" p7 I% o6 V Win32_InfraredDevice
, X u) n k" r Win32_IRQResource
% e' H6 G1 Z6 M$ V Win32_Keyboard4 U" M& o& V; N* ?% Z6 K2 X" K
Win32_MemoryArray0 \- i2 ~5 @/ u7 b( C3 R4 V) B/ K
Win32_MemoryDevice% L$ w8 A6 Q: U8 A" O& C0 @
Win32_MotherboardDevice
1 K$ `) A5 S, N5 g9 N! I& p) c Win32_NetworkAdapter
& c$ t% {% R6 H B: a Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration+ S5 B; N4 R* x& p8 p
Win32_OnBoardDevice! U1 t5 b, [2 X. @/ ^" f
Win32_ParallelPort
. v! m* V( [* m* ~$ u b8 c/ v Win32_PCMCIAController6 T2 H) P) h3 A [( @2 G( \: M0 ^3 i7 O
Win32_PhysicalMemory
/ T! r9 G- \1 l6 x0 x Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray- Q5 d8 }8 {! u4 q
Win32_PnPEntity9 ?- Y5 ^; M5 H; Z$ w& K& A
Win32_PointingDevice
, j7 C. k: O& H! ?+ ? Win32_PortableBattery
$ ]! N: M& I7 @1 a Win32_PortConnector W4 K8 _' D/ T4 z; n0 m1 s
Win32_PortResource
1 U- a# v2 E: H- q Win32_POTSModem
( r5 D" G; A2 w; X2 n W( }1 ?( ] Win32_PowerManagementEvent
6 l- [: }# [$ M8 B Win32_Printer$ y2 A- v7 s3 I8 T
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
8 S. b' ^. b% s4 E9 s Win32_PrintJob. g4 b z m6 X) r. D
Win32_Processor+ E! |1 O. J5 b: r5 w0 R
Win32_Refrigeration& ]4 V5 M7 u8 `6 s( ^% j5 a, w
Win32_SerialPort
# p5 ?9 H2 K' M1 ^ m9 z Win32_SerialPortConfiguration: l( P) s% Y6 Y
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
+ [ c1 A3 [6 Y! Y8 ], {+ C& x7 y( B: e3 x+ e Win32_SoundDevice) s" A3 l1 l( e( d& H/ C
Win32_SystemEnclosure/ l# r# G7 n: o0 }7 |
Win32_SystemMemoryResource3 O& S" k, S! ?0 R1 u9 [2 }' O
Win32_SystemSlot
, W1 C# Y, ^3 A: A+ K Win32_TapeDrive& n4 P- b& | Y1 A& I/ E3 z) O
Win32_TemperatureProbe- @2 ]/ \7 i; g9 ^' v2 e
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
0 C2 q; ^8 b5 W; n, } Win32_USBController9 \$ ^ k- G. f
Win32_VideoConfiguration
' |- B2 X1 H) L3 L; {! D# t Win32_VideoController
" t- H( ]/ X8 h# q- l- J$ X! m6 K Win32_VoltageProbe
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7 K. {- ?- q8 Z" v% \* n4 G5 j0 D以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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