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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)/ p: D( f7 b& X! P" Y& Q
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5 f8 W( M u0 ~# w' z/ jWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
5 k. n9 X0 C8 v+ W4 P4 c- l 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 4 m+ f; [% l u6 C* }
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。; o0 t8 x) B& i, L0 C, u% Q6 v4 V
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 5 W' X$ ?6 p5 _5 g9 Z( K, u1 g! `
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面1 W$ Z; d* K+ I& ~3 Q+ Z. p
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- e, H% e( i. I% [3 w. X) B8 j① 初始化 COM 接口:0 M3 `7 B# |3 K! o, ]" |3 C
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。/ C2 f. p s# u+ q2 m& R- X' V: \- V
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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( D# s# n1 @5 J& P) x6 i, @! }② 获取访问 WMI 权限:4 N7 D! P, i/ g4 R
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);$ M- {* r6 l* Z
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:+ x: C5 \0 q. l# G- L, B9 S
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。: S5 G2 v, ~9 m: f" n
5 b/ \/ x0 y( C- G' wvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass), g- K4 i4 ~9 Y
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;; u8 t' y% I* c$ b/ [
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;+ ^; W8 h+ @, A7 n# I( Q$ e* l, R
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
7 }- j% f1 Y# o& W2 Z. k% [$ e; J P if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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2 i9 ]- Q( p! e& B# L* b2 V IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
" r2 I; t2 @+ }- j/ n& ]- e7 N WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
8 T6 K2 K, E# {- h$ D n% ~ if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)/ k3 W. F. s( y1 b+ I; B
{
' E( m. P/ z4 M$ C2 J3 H& s$ K IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
* t* d1 H: S$ n: F& [ ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned; m, h% x3 s: t4 E0 Q7 i5 J4 g" l0 M
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK); ^* z6 r* H) e, W, T! B/ ]3 B
{
0 K) \. Z) Q7 {$ } int iEnumIdx = 0;
* S. t4 W A; D while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;' h! E; H: s, B/ m6 {6 R+ H- Q
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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6 T- M" `7 W. E. ` long vbl, vbu;+ a; ~0 b- \. W- m9 w
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
$ W" |/ V5 x r2 U$ v& @. N SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
. m4 t; z {- R1 P6 f& U3 k for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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; X* g) R H; f; K1 \ long aidx = idx;
2 E$ B" e7 u7 w8 d wchar_t *wsName = 0;
) |7 k6 d1 k/ R% m VARIANT vValue;% k4 F. B# Y5 u- e4 ]$ c5 Z+ B3 {
VariantInit(&vValue);3 s% i6 n! ^' b3 X
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
: E% b$ ?, B- V. D9 Z, s5 [) F8 b; X5 e) ] HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
2 w5 I6 V% {9 ?# } SysFreeString(bs);
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0 G t, y2 K# h: Z8 n' k if(hRes == S_OK)2 U8 }& C" j0 W5 m8 @
{
0 U3 Q" s& e: U/ t AnsiString s;
0 g/ {& h& n+ P2 p, N6 c- e Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
/ f6 l. k4 B: R# D( C" e4 r9 x if(v.IsArray()). Q% }* X( v' F/ F. ?
{
6 m7 F# y3 c6 ?: k# A* ` for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)! }3 @) k: D: r# ~# T
{
8 ?, ]* q5 K" E. ^- }" m+ D) b Variant a = v.GetElement(i);# ?* S& [7 }) r# r$ k: g2 ]
if(!s.IsEmpty())
& x) K( e/ T4 K7 v7 K/ G) D s+=", ";
; `% v6 \$ T! n7 M. Z s+=VarToStr(a);
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{
. O$ v# ?" W6 T8 E s = VarToStr(v);
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# d% Z3 t6 O. ]2 o: l# \ q lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);9 t: c, W' b6 ~4 ~7 q2 B' P
}
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" p! z/ M" g; r3 T% c. j" N5 W6 C+ U4 N VariantClear(&vValue);
. ]& `5 T9 `3 T. }7 Y SysFreeString(wsName);/ @- b2 I, e; ?9 E/ i' g) U# {
}
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. H* r2 k6 k% u, m' N. m! K; U- j if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
" u4 b3 I$ E) @ iEnumIdx++; _1 I8 s9 I) y8 I4 l' q. b% H5 @4 d0 L
}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();/ a4 G/ F: I, S) S7 L0 w$ Y; B
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();% E1 Q, p% B4 b4 U1 R
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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( m& Y0 V3 n8 A% i. _//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
$ ^6 }7 S5 p% _* Tvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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4 Q+ q0 D2 T% x5 E% X1 U6 x, T Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
) ^8 k/ r0 c; g! _$ j GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
+ w/ |" c: b! p- |" [ Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
# _ i1 `" b( a. w( ~, s/ S Win32_1394Controller" ^& S7 q8 q3 ~ ^& d% z
Win32_BaseBoard
6 o! g# v& a7 \: ^' u8 g Win32_Battery
/ Z. N) U! V' [6 P6 I- Y9 q Win32_BIOS
/ p+ i. e' ~5 l7 N% B$ S Win32_Bus
' ]( I5 y1 f" x# P& P$ H Win32_CacheMemory& u: v' V7 f: K0 q
Win32_CDROMDrive
1 n% R( _( Z+ |4 Y" W Win32_CurrentProbe( @' s" w$ S" Z X: C7 G* X$ H
Win32_DesktopMonitor4 A2 H6 `. A8 d
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress. v( ^) \1 Q: M+ o5 B
Win32_DiskDrive3 t, s+ ? v4 l0 ~1 S8 m. U. k
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
5 [9 X/ P- u; b! v' V8 j Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration; j/ i4 h+ m. @6 |" y
Win32_DMAChannel8 T* S( M7 Y# B
Win32_Fan
& F; ?0 Y5 y" C- t" _ Win32_FloppyController% x a# x1 [ \" S G! z K
Win32_FloppyDrive! s7 P. b7 D/ f) y% t5 s5 @& |- q
Win32_HeatPipe L1 B, p, N4 \- A" j/ l
Win32_IDEController8 I; M! f, I& u' s1 c
Win32_InfraredDevice
W6 P/ W4 B% x, m0 ?# | Win32_IRQResource/ j2 i- R3 ?1 K: ^
Win32_Keyboard, O$ L' K# Q Q
Win32_MemoryArray
6 Q+ h9 P4 _ [0 [3 h3 a& `8 @ Win32_MemoryDevice
6 p, s7 U* ~. j" L6 t. B4 _ Win32_MotherboardDevice: F, J8 P; j, n
Win32_NetworkAdapter( U9 q* Q7 H0 s2 E6 L+ g
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration+ k3 F' K% Y F2 w/ p
Win32_OnBoardDevice: j9 K) L1 F+ ^7 y0 q
Win32_ParallelPort' T, u/ _5 _- v L V
Win32_PCMCIAController- B: N) F9 C2 m+ `- R6 @
Win32_PhysicalMemory
- u- [6 u. |& _- {5 Z8 @2 @5 P' c5 V Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray/ U3 ~ x! S5 y5 R2 \# X8 y5 h
Win32_PnPEntity6 j$ H8 g* e6 J/ r
Win32_PointingDevice
# g2 a! |* H; ^3 ?# C( S8 J Win32_PortableBattery
& j9 L2 D. R+ I j Win32_PortConnector# B4 `: y8 {; Y$ @6 m2 L+ ?
Win32_PortResource7 U* L+ v O- n, ^
Win32_POTSModem
! J7 M* Y% f- r' \* I }+ v Win32_PowerManagementEvent1 m; Z& Q1 p- n
Win32_Printer
- z' D7 G8 R1 ^+ \8 h/ f- x Win32_PrinterConfiguration
: D. W6 Q/ L1 @7 J Win32_PrintJob
1 F! D: V, R( w5 A Win32_Processor
" ^# v. V! k8 N4 O Win32_Refrigeration
1 k7 s. | g* a3 \7 C! x+ w Win32_SerialPort
$ Z" G; h# P1 x Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
$ O2 r* S# j; x& m) e" c# M( e D Win32_SMBIOSMemory) Y" }3 k+ u6 Q
Win32_SoundDevice0 x8 X$ t. T h9 ?8 ?
Win32_SystemEnclosure
7 W! {2 ~8 p- e' [- `9 {+ c Win32_SystemMemoryResource
6 t& O6 l" U2 O q0 l Win32_SystemSlot
5 C1 y+ [" M+ y- z Win32_TapeDrive7 l1 W- q) s0 ]/ v; R' T
Win32_TemperatureProbe- K& r* ]2 S e: d: \! J$ G
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
: F3 n# _! _8 ~- K; K( I Win32_USBController
5 {$ r, i$ v) B: H8 ~0 q Win32_VideoConfiguration- W" _: {! Y, m: G, O1 G- w5 S
Win32_VideoController b0 R6 f( [* ^ {
Win32_VoltageProbe2 u( Z: H( Z; _ W+ u) ~
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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