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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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3 |' v( Z$ l' w5 E9 K8 oWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)3 F9 E. t3 O$ U. E5 _2 X& b
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
' J8 |6 e& @$ S. E q0 ]+ o) Z2 g9 y 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
- ]1 ^: f% G8 H6 X6 S1 i7 r 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面0 R( F$ _. V- W* F
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
/ {" d6 i7 ^% g/ ` 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
1 t8 V+ S! n+ }/ e. _ 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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; x( c* H) f1 V5 b② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
% W& o5 x, W* V& g CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);: ]1 q, L: A: L( S; \; I- ?( q6 P
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。4 O! X. X( q2 r; r0 ^
e' v/ {3 X, J③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
4 K6 T+ y$ {, B: p 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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3 K2 ^3 Q: ~& f" L2 }: L! v; j S Hvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;; [! J' R. i6 l$ z
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;) J/ `5 b- i w# x& ]" ?1 V
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");( D. Q5 m2 a8 L, F8 m2 j u
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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1 q" `( S5 B# f# B9 n1 Y IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
- t1 O$ |/ d. s WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
) c3 ^+ z1 M+ r# ]: w6 c4 ? if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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. k6 t- u4 B" m9 ^& } IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL; G7 o" E) e1 }% z8 \ j& W
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
& f0 J& M0 ^8 i5 H2 A) N if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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3 _- a0 m1 w$ {1 x) O int iEnumIdx = 0;
: u1 n! o( A7 C, Z while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)* F" O( L3 Z9 J7 `# v9 R! F
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;1 W. l; h% L+ |& D I
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)& h3 u" L% ]3 ?* x; H( z! b1 x1 K
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long vbl, vbu;
3 g& ~8 c# M9 ~6 ]) @, s SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
9 J! K* ~( Q. \0 g SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);2 i% p! `( C2 S$ f, Z+ s, |; f( ?9 B' m
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;" ^: |9 q/ M# Y
wchar_t *wsName = 0;# K& H& T2 Z, ~( e+ K) ]; Q' }
VARIANT vValue;
6 w$ ]7 x1 M+ D VariantInit(&vValue);
+ q8 E! t6 v8 h8 O. w5 W SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);: a7 I' c$ n7 L- @4 U7 ?
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
4 Y0 \& ^, c3 c; M' S) C HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);7 _: B# @* i/ Q1 d' c0 ~
SysFreeString(bs);0 V% Y0 r( S' K- `% S
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if(hRes == S_OK)! ~; |* b* f+ b: }4 Z9 j, Y+ _
{
1 K# W2 L. t( F2 U8 e% O AnsiString s;. e* l1 z; h* b) u, J
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
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s+=", ";; L) _( T' f" ?" U
s+=VarToStr(a);; ^) f0 x* z( c" n8 b9 _. R
}
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else) _) }2 o/ T* c. p
{
* c/ m8 J, Q2 S9 u. f( w s = VarToStr(v);
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# C5 d* W9 d; A+ ^. m# ` lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);/ d6 ]: c9 F2 p: z, r+ v1 |( j4 w
SysFreeString(wsName);' g- U9 q2 x. m3 @9 H
}
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
# i; u" b+ W3 c6 o( w" [- J iEnumIdx++;1 S, S) x1 ~( @3 i% S( ~1 x& g
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}
, [7 L) x+ p# }6 c: Z+ L if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();' x& a& ~/ I4 v1 B3 ]; A: y4 [
}
& _ T- G, P" A7 |- ]0 A# j) l if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();/ @3 i, G/ G8 `: w7 A8 E
}
+ |1 g2 N& y! g2 p+ l if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release(); M+ H0 X% z# b7 w- c* g6 q0 C
}
$ t J3 s- S+ C if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------; X& F8 W' z9 K
; j4 u+ s. x. B. ^6 E# F// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
. W1 }. k7 g5 Lvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)# J% E5 o* f& \; I; e5 x$ ~" u9 I
{
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GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
" O9 @1 h _# x9 \( ]; {4 Z Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:2 _$ C. R" o& j3 M. N3 h, [8 w
Win32_1394Controller& p! ?9 V1 A" M3 ?. I7 m
Win32_BaseBoard
. P- F; ~$ T$ y, E0 n% b# G2 p/ B Win32_Battery
0 e- O/ A' N8 p0 ]6 P Win32_BIOS
4 h0 l( m; y9 n8 a6 X7 i Win32_Bus! d$ m# r5 j* C
Win32_CacheMemory+ ~- j% S1 }' Z! K
Win32_CDROMDrive
; ~$ `; K" `7 @6 U6 \0 M4 W Win32_CurrentProbe p# w) z. l0 J! t. h# V
Win32_DesktopMonitor5 F8 Q7 x ]# s; j) w
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress1 |: I V% w7 {
Win32_DiskDrive
, Y. e- E( K' ?! J# C7 O U$ Z/ W Win32_DisplayConfiguration
0 `$ p( L7 g2 p# v; O1 G8 Y8 J Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration; }" n( ^0 B0 ]3 R) Y, T* r
Win32_DMAChannel
, l+ s, }7 f+ Y1 C) Z# v2 N8 g Win32_Fan
$ X) r% W$ w# G/ e Win32_FloppyController' P. K2 W. Z! y& }7 {
Win32_FloppyDrive
* |, g6 O; X3 {5 B& O* Q7 V& K+ Q Win32_HeatPipe/ m+ p2 j& I2 H5 A, G! b8 N8 v1 f
Win32_IDEController7 W5 @, N* E' l1 J. L: h
Win32_InfraredDevice/ N8 d6 h0 R0 s5 t2 V6 W# l8 J
Win32_IRQResource
! L C3 D- {3 V! K Win32_Keyboard# r1 d. a1 ~7 [$ G9 Q
Win32_MemoryArray
4 f- C, r' f, J4 Y$ @ Win32_MemoryDevice' Y- Z, M9 N" A& T. ]
Win32_MotherboardDevice# j9 J8 G, o# b7 S" K
Win32_NetworkAdapter
* o G. t. I% |2 r0 O# i' f Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
' p+ g6 K5 [+ x5 _) u2 I* P Win32_OnBoardDevice
; Z+ v: e7 ]2 ]% ^6 a Win32_ParallelPort1 U- I/ O% n; P% C9 A
Win32_PCMCIAController
' d* s |: ~+ l1 ^3 A) ^ Win32_PhysicalMemory
, \' O; g7 K- W' l( L Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
5 W& m8 v" c7 E. ^1 E+ m" ` Win32_PnPEntity
/ k5 j6 P) T$ ]# b9 C$ y Win32_PointingDevice
( p, q- ?$ x3 S' P* d" `- ^8 N Win32_PortableBattery6 y( h0 C" c% [ _
Win32_PortConnector+ a: T5 e# f# I: w$ M
Win32_PortResource2 x4 V- x/ I% D& u7 \* S% T1 `& V a! O
Win32_POTSModem0 e& h( j/ S7 Y- k7 S$ Y; ^
Win32_PowerManagementEvent* `, ~ c1 n6 P4 v; t
Win32_Printer
: X, A: J* _- V Win32_PrinterConfiguration* r0 Z2 `& o% @! e8 Y5 g
Win32_PrintJob
" k) I% V; f$ X: C+ T Win32_Processor6 z" [5 M# }; ^9 }: ^* L% D
Win32_Refrigeration' _# z, A0 p5 l0 c! a3 I: v2 o
Win32_SerialPort
P$ \$ L! E- n) O9 ` Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
- o8 D( G) b$ c1 C Win32_SMBIOSMemory4 w4 L; O) s& B4 b- i9 b8 t. \; @/ Q
Win32_SoundDevice
6 A( x) j4 w$ s$ `5 L Win32_SystemEnclosure5 d, [% J0 x* R' o8 L+ ]6 T: N
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
; I+ S# a0 ^ a Win32_SystemSlot
, a$ r% a- R( h; l% h, f Win32_TapeDrive
. l& D, `- L( J6 ^; \; X' p Win32_TemperatureProbe
, ]1 I3 d1 ~, C- _ Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply9 h2 w: ~4 x2 @6 V w
Win32_USBController
5 j: }: ]: [8 K- u Win32_VideoConfiguration0 Y, k, l: V1 x( k+ i; N
Win32_VideoController
* C$ \/ s/ g* F1 j Win32_VoltageProbe% C: z; T$ K7 |5 f1 ]. Z; c# Y
8 F" p$ A1 ]) W z, \以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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