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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)! ~! c- }7 D9 S, }
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
& U `+ u/ j+ }6 @% ]& y: i 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 9 N$ p& N& O. Q: R; E# o
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。# q8 F8 L! ^ x! t
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 1 u9 {7 `0 l0 `( e, V- E$ v. h6 R# v* z
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' U! s- j: r# H) iBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面$ Y* |9 y9 e$ L/ |7 G
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( i% K3 ^, o- h1 U6 H① 初始化 COM 接口:% p3 _5 o. f3 Z: F
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。8 d) s+ V! h# k& O+ u
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。! Z6 P1 G' Z0 {9 f
6 M3 [1 x( U4 K& C! v0 t- w1 Z② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
; d% [* y* i# D CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
3 |1 Y$ E$ t! x4 R 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
& h8 l$ x6 ]0 Z" V" U; n# b. z* K" Z 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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8 z, ]1 I& b! w- h IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
" D7 {7 e. P- d1 U5 g P if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)+ U. i; Z8 E* d) s2 q
{
' H5 W' i+ F- R- a3 _% ~& T6 \ IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;2 G$ t K' k, L" @7 K! b V
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");. ^+ e% p6 E1 F! }) I
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;# Y% t. x2 }9 f# e9 Q9 m& r
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
4 j. ?3 I3 Z+ }6 d+ w& k. i if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;# q% F0 \- d) y' k6 H
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;, F B+ K1 f# C; J
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;% J/ G; v0 V8 v+ e# l w
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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/ G( r- \ u c2 {' S lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");# U/ ]$ ~/ u! n' C$ C
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;9 f6 i# F( e8 k2 o0 T9 ~- p
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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' d; N0 j$ f @% ~ long vbl, vbu;
: K% m6 A# v% z+ ?2 A( B SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);. A+ ^& t! F& }+ N0 q
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);/ ^2 c8 J2 @5 X! n0 u$ ~
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)4 w- R' E8 u, R1 f) A/ S
{
' o3 q1 X! l6 l, R1 J7 n2 ~ long aidx = idx;+ m8 p0 D( a, Q: S! k9 F
wchar_t *wsName = 0;1 m) h9 b. C, r `' ]; _
VARIANT vValue;# K% U, t" M9 d. Q
VariantInit(&vValue);& Q; @0 Y) p3 v* C
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);6 U. M2 G. E9 b& T9 _4 y) @' W8 o
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);( L* I+ U, n- }; \5 i- r
SysFreeString(bs);. O, @. D( s1 M# {$ z
. Q/ o$ ~- K9 e2 @ if(hRes == S_OK)
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2 p+ X1 o& l/ G. n" H6 E AnsiString s;7 a& q3 b2 {9 v8 J9 ^
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;- R3 z+ Q* f7 Z' d
if(v.IsArray())7 m: L, ?) Q7 ~/ a8 I. R) C
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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2 r& c4 y3 J o# u Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
9 \- {# d e( f" l8 v) x if(!s.IsEmpty())( g- ^: ]' T$ j" j6 J
s+=", ";' u0 N% Z7 p8 Y; `' f
s+=VarToStr(a);
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else
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s = VarToStr(v);* u9 L+ C; f& ?! H& u t! U8 l9 {
}
z# h3 ^& S+ J" ^% m0 J6 v8 K9 a lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);4 T, I# P! w6 |
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VariantClear(&vValue);
- E" X" `3 T; q5 K, N* x$ u SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
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}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();; Y0 n" m6 u3 x( o* ?" O
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();: P, G0 B H# S1 C; u* T
}
8 J. m( U) t4 ~/ m if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------0 h# e+ u* w4 ^3 \
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:; r7 e% g$ ^9 L ^2 c! W6 z4 Y# v
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)8 |) L7 m7 K2 R$ j# Z! D) F5 D* t
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");# N) H" G. V5 O! N0 F0 k5 L% w
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
% g8 k* C. {' G# S Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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' t. G4 P2 V5 I% ?% W2 S& G% xWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:6 k0 C6 w7 X f
Win32_1394Controller0 W Z% m) s9 t, X) ?2 v
Win32_BaseBoard
) ] A) z$ P, h7 [9 H2 }4 J, [ Win32_Battery
4 }- p+ V3 G% p6 ?$ |: h& G2 m( h Win32_BIOS/ h0 |7 q. E: G h1 ?! x
Win32_Bus
. M z5 h) h+ A$ ?& y Win32_CacheMemory
3 ]0 H. X H! ~( a4 M Win32_CDROMDrive
, T8 Z- F! q$ K. A2 j Win32_CurrentProbe
]' w2 t+ |: [ Win32_DesktopMonitor; q9 p- V7 S/ ^. E( v
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress, { u2 n8 ~ g: t+ Y
Win32_DiskDrive) A3 Q: \( W$ x# S) h' ^
Win32_DisplayConfiguration9 Q6 J' g, U3 Q2 b' d, u9 {
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
" e+ P$ X5 l7 N Win32_DMAChannel, i8 C+ V0 Z$ Z2 ^
Win32_Fan
4 K8 a: [7 G% I8 e( b Win32_FloppyController, f$ J8 N1 }0 R8 I: M
Win32_FloppyDrive
( r0 [. H Q$ u Win32_HeatPipe0 M% ]0 [" E* d' S" ^" f% f
Win32_IDEController
6 h* c" i/ u5 E# ^* e Win32_InfraredDevice4 H; `+ m1 A. z
Win32_IRQResource
- R2 U$ V1 N0 \ J Win32_Keyboard3 C7 F. J/ r2 o& t
Win32_MemoryArray
: h: a/ K0 ~! i, U; u Win32_MemoryDevice
4 j0 l9 E/ |4 Y& s8 H, ? Win32_MotherboardDevice
+ K8 z! C1 X- v) h Win32_NetworkAdapter
- g5 u1 j( X$ y# D Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration ]2 I/ I% G) \5 d/ B$ B% R
Win32_OnBoardDevice$ y5 j( Z, S. `* j0 L+ Q
Win32_ParallelPort
! X/ i: e* @6 b# ?+ T Win32_PCMCIAController
( G8 d. D! H: C) r" f* [/ m9 m Win32_PhysicalMemory0 |8 T8 j7 n5 T9 I* i
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray8 X, A; G- @ F2 Z$ H
Win32_PnPEntity
; B0 Q5 `# H/ x/ _. r( r( F Win32_PointingDevice7 K, R% [; `' e7 [+ N
Win32_PortableBattery
6 Z' [4 k% W1 p Win32_PortConnector
+ b* s/ C4 K: g) x Win32_PortResource' W" y3 s0 g/ a4 e# S% j
Win32_POTSModem
3 i5 g _! p1 d Win32_PowerManagementEvent
4 h% w/ J+ ~8 ^ Win32_Printer
5 ~* S C7 y0 t) i b4 P Win32_PrinterConfiguration$ A" T7 q# U' D2 i U% Z; v5 e7 E
Win32_PrintJob
/ Y: ]% H& M8 E; P$ { Win32_Processor
- Y' ~' C7 S1 Y/ Y: [ r; N( K r$ a1 Q Win32_Refrigeration
' H0 @% z9 x/ k$ l7 ^8 m Win32_SerialPort! ^# Z9 q6 \+ W/ H6 Y; p
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration: U3 i, ?7 b! ~+ u9 V$ ]* }
Win32_SMBIOSMemory5 v6 q1 i" H8 W. H( g; K
Win32_SoundDevice
- x; [7 t6 X9 D- Q6 z0 l) u* n, p; v Win32_SystemEnclosure4 A( E! G+ T" a& \" n) S" a. M( w
Win32_SystemMemoryResource1 o/ J0 P) S( i7 j1 `2 s
Win32_SystemSlot
' r; C* S* A5 ~* Q! P/ w0 d+ q Win32_TapeDrive6 S! _1 W8 ^7 L4 I$ b6 _, L: S
Win32_TemperatureProbe
5 T" l9 Q9 a/ i6 w) G/ B Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
+ l1 f3 {& U6 R" B% e Win32_USBController
! A7 ` z, m, n0 V% `/ Z Win32_VideoConfiguration5 J! S# T8 g5 U/ {( ?+ \
Win32_VideoController
& X8 S$ R! L4 r+ h' Y6 H Win32_VoltageProbe
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3 t& O @7 j- }/ O0 F, v8 I8 j以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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