|
|
Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
3 v& N$ e1 Z0 ?7 [8 y( n I! f! b6 K. z1 S# c3 `8 ]7 L
) V" I5 m4 D9 a& V
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------& z: u0 H, `6 J* d2 W2 g0 m
WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
( T. m9 T( E5 Q" s5 @& D 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 ; M' s% @ W# B& a( Z8 ^: X
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
Z0 S1 q# y! T5 X `$ r8 s; ^ 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 ; c5 E, f! T \- i& K
2 k. @. s5 j1 Z& D# y% Q7 c
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% r Z6 X0 @4 z7 V6 g# {3 a8 XBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
) a- B3 h. s: t6 l+ }: s
7 D; O2 u3 L5 \5 x) f--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 }( c3 h) w1 j+ I0 f① 初始化 COM 接口:
" d# Z: m' ?( L2 D+ X1 U7 ~& h6 n 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。: x) D2 L0 t$ N, G8 o. ^
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
$ Z, K4 \1 N% ^9 t
" O- T/ f: N# I9 f' G$ m: u② 获取访问 WMI 权限:& q; l+ n$ q. W/ V1 P% i
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);4 I: |2 x$ j# i2 C. F4 i
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。$ T! o ^$ u6 T! V3 u4 }" p3 ^
m$ D/ Y% n2 ]9 K
③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
% K4 p2 s" f" O) r* f" O0 J 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。9 ]0 Q- b% F6 c1 w4 u u
2 @# a; F% S @! {+ \( a
void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
I) j9 k: G3 S+ E/ Z, @) J{3 f3 p7 b1 w5 d( t
IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;, p% e" [" g5 p* K2 S8 s
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
! g( Y1 C7 y8 C- n {8 L5 W. r+ l( r# N( Q2 f+ }
IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;7 v) e4 H) t) S' A
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");, M# o# |- [' M0 z6 j. _
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
- W* n! N' m5 t; t# \ {
2 a$ D( _2 j: r1 _! a! f N9 A IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;7 J9 @5 T3 z- _+ g* P. ~
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
( z" B( d8 t0 e y) Q if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
h8 H/ _+ F5 O" a6 R2 K1 G. B8 T { w7 X' K0 v% {) R, o
IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;. \* O3 O" X! t# h: ~# G
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
# q2 \/ o$ j+ T1 d6 [" g if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)& N* l- o! Q1 ] F
{" P* M" P3 c( s5 Z- C9 ]
int iEnumIdx = 0;" ` k m' q* ?( E$ N2 Q% z
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
. a) ^% J2 o3 T+ b' _1 f5 I {
$ C2 k' _& }) ?5 u lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");6 N- U, {& t6 I: ~
3 Q$ r: [7 U6 n" T% s9 k9 U
SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;1 i E+ f# J4 k( R& O2 p3 b* k
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
# G; w/ s4 e0 a( ~ {
7 W* P6 h( n6 d long vbl, vbu;
' ]9 |2 D7 k- l2 I9 T4 x/ E- W SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
0 {! }3 u' Y+ z7 Z: p9 O$ g- o SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu); }2 e+ {9 O5 ~) i; a3 s, ?
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++) L) Y+ m* B5 A+ h7 k
{4 T5 l' I! E, A, \
long aidx = idx;
4 D+ q& R3 w) h7 R2 o3 r( m9 P wchar_t *wsName = 0;) V( u" j2 r3 j
VARIANT vValue;
6 K2 z2 v. {( l3 A* x8 \ VariantInit(&vValue);0 b/ ]: }6 R0 n+ P4 l# z" Q& T
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
! C+ ]) e& w9 K# N9 ~# z
! j) e% A6 c- P! H" Q# u6 P' X5 z BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
+ _! e. I5 Z* y4 Y \1 u HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
- Q- M" v8 H0 z) d* Z SysFreeString(bs);
" O, U: N; A! b9 L# I M
: H. H$ o; [1 `: U3 u7 P+ ]; c' g5 Q if(hRes == S_OK)
7 I% n6 y" d' Z# F2 ] {. W& i! E0 T. N" p; w% `
AnsiString s;
: u E: f4 u6 k- d Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;; w6 t. h& e# X" g8 v
if(v.IsArray())
& R/ a% T" U5 C5 D) T; } {
6 V% k' @$ X. W; c" g$ I for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
9 Z& p7 r# X: b1 [ ]+ v, e {
- \! R1 @& K$ @5 J8 g! N- v Variant a = v.GetElement(i);* ~& t& W$ x W+ L
if(!s.IsEmpty())8 K( N7 j# X& [/ @# s
s+=", ";4 O) i% T9 p6 Q' j( ?
s+=VarToStr(a);
# H2 r; { N) I$ v }! g5 m+ [# D3 I7 d
}, B% x4 Z. N2 E) ~; p9 _
else$ r! R* {8 s7 P0 [' d
{( W) Y k: U' F$ R4 ^
s = VarToStr(v);
3 ~: f3 G9 f2 o }: {. m8 p6 Q8 p( R- q8 @
lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
. e, T5 f3 @5 ~: X( S/ _ }8 g* d# q( Y! [8 `9 ^
1 a R- O6 O; n6 ~7 q
VariantClear(&vValue);
4 E& m/ V! j. z! k/ B SysFreeString(wsName);0 w6 u( D, @4 e5 P
}
4 z- ^. I4 d- |9 a7 w }0 A8 I3 ^1 J ^( w1 @' O1 ^
if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
9 Z$ Z$ g& M# F" b( a iEnumIdx++;
* d& m+ L& x+ Q1 B8 F } N/ v9 D4 D! B5 j$ N% U
}
4 ~; ~6 M! |) v/ @( _ if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
) I9 o, ^/ [/ X( Q }
, `# ~ u2 v# V. N if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
* H! I& p$ t' D! s, \8 S }0 ?! [& L4 {1 u: U( |5 L# ]% P
if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();% ^- V( g* |! `9 E# J" l- L
}* e4 L! S3 E0 [9 y# E" J7 U2 U* l
if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
3 Z& `7 f" a& G6 l}( |8 u+ S/ h8 K! f4 p
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 ~( v% G ?/ D% p
' _- y; ~- C3 w8 R% E& b// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
$ m% m! Y; B. u& ^( Kvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)* m* n! @6 u. V
{" ?& J* Z2 E+ v4 |% x+ a9 r8 A% C
Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");; L9 N+ W+ K4 @8 U1 m, W% U g+ S
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");3 x5 b/ m7 ]* Z' y& \ z
Memo1->Lines->Add("");) A6 T* w- j" r: b7 N
}/ a; H6 k# s# U
+ P% N! d' ~+ w B% n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------) l8 P8 C1 D( C+ s! d
% T4 r1 `; c- R- e6 ^) i& d3 FWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
5 q* z; m2 E' I: { Win32_1394Controller
7 S) ]" ]& w( J! Q Win32_BaseBoard" B) y2 y3 U: ?& x9 }
Win32_Battery' [! `3 D& x% r/ V: J( e m, u1 }
Win32_BIOS
% E5 T& Y; f- C7 Q2 r+ k5 R Win32_Bus4 `7 ]) i0 q2 K. K2 F
Win32_CacheMemory
1 D1 q z4 S2 m% o2 ? Win32_CDROMDrive
9 [, L, ~0 P5 E4 N1 Q% G/ n0 l& X Win32_CurrentProbe: A1 ^' u, \* Y9 N! g
Win32_DesktopMonitor1 W5 P6 \. e$ f% P% C
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress+ U! @. c/ }5 Y3 u) F+ o9 k. R
Win32_DiskDrive
5 Q8 R; h7 R' H Win32_DisplayConfiguration2 n. {9 n. g" X! m/ h7 P4 p+ P
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
. k; }: k# l) `' H8 D. a1 m Win32_DMAChannel C4 n! _* b! F( ~1 d; q- h
Win32_Fan0 ~/ I% L3 G3 `
Win32_FloppyController! e- d8 g' a( H- U% \/ J; M
Win32_FloppyDrive
& P- I, H. v9 A, v. \) b Win32_HeatPipe3 P) W( O. i1 M& [% H3 r# p
Win32_IDEController
( o8 o8 m0 G: J- t+ [ Win32_InfraredDevice
2 N6 C0 M9 Y: f2 e3 B1 b; ~ Win32_IRQResource, v) w3 }& S+ ]! P1 b+ O
Win32_Keyboard- c& e" A" z2 N, z4 k
Win32_MemoryArray
3 [) D$ X3 a I% M, N: P Win32_MemoryDevice
; v$ C, M Z( X. `7 q5 {! Z/ _ Win32_MotherboardDevice
& }1 ]5 B% x: Y6 A* X; V4 U Win32_NetworkAdapter
! s7 ]5 C& u9 l, x$ D8 ] Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
/ p- u- Y+ q& W% _" T8 v: U Win32_OnBoardDevice6 X2 j3 Z+ c# i; s# v- m
Win32_ParallelPort
( `! t6 v- Z# H; ~/ d1 d2 f& ~# Y Win32_PCMCIAController/ [! N) y1 ^9 O+ k3 Z! E0 W# |
Win32_PhysicalMemory
9 L+ }6 {% c7 |: b1 i# E1 ~# [3 W) v Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
h* D; |* K7 R2 `$ B9 Y Win32_PnPEntity
, U# F7 [5 v* j" l+ Z4 ~1 O! r3 I0 S7 T Win32_PointingDevice
& e F$ D: C( ], _( d) N Win32_PortableBattery/ c% P/ b7 Z/ }' b
Win32_PortConnector* a/ I7 m0 F4 V- n
Win32_PortResource) C1 g8 D' K0 L: u, p9 I
Win32_POTSModem; j9 l3 y& U% _# ]1 B
Win32_PowerManagementEvent, F: r9 @" o: b; A
Win32_Printer) c8 ]$ ?% J9 W- A
Win32_PrinterConfiguration( [. r2 v" Z. P
Win32_PrintJob d) m1 R) `% r
Win32_Processor
: g7 F5 c: ?9 y# x9 b7 i Win32_Refrigeration: {+ p) N' t6 @& K
Win32_SerialPort
2 U: N5 _0 f6 A" I1 @ Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
7 B5 y' e! f U. X* ?! {' `* j Win32_SMBIOSMemory0 m' l+ g( [' X; @4 i# x) N7 x; u
Win32_SoundDevice
6 ?# C7 ?( _4 E* T+ Z1 ` Win32_SystemEnclosure' U8 {- C' s8 v
Win32_SystemMemoryResource3 N( P: g9 `# P; X% ^/ G& M! V y
Win32_SystemSlot
4 Y/ l! w: o7 y4 o g7 g' H Win32_TapeDrive
2 u9 u0 _% V' z p4 F9 B- I Win32_TemperatureProbe
2 @+ [4 o, g4 S! Y: Y6 G! @ Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply3 B3 I# a: |# x) H0 x# J
Win32_USBController5 x# j6 i6 Z+ E/ {) N f1 D& Q$ p
Win32_VideoConfiguration; h M0 @& @- x( l7 t# A: D
Win32_VideoController
g) C9 G; A2 m( H! A5 V2 d5 d Win32_VoltageProbe, `2 E- C+ V& w4 G. X8 t% I
3 e- v& d) t6 D; f8 l
以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
|