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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)) f7 b4 q' b5 ~; P6 ]0 _! Q
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
3 e" Q" Y X# u3 Q# | 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 9 H0 B* S4 z& G9 g4 }& [1 s5 S" n) q! I
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。0 X9 e& y1 E1 ~5 e6 Y; j* |
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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0 M' m/ K# \: A+ u7 U% fBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面4 Q( L/ J& q0 b. T" {7 G% d9 c8 t
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& d% z8 B2 N) w( E. I. P2 [① 初始化 COM 接口:! ^5 C5 l2 v, h+ m" W+ w0 _1 x
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
% r4 i2 d* I/ r4 `0 V$ R 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。) d3 K7 r" f) O' `; N6 w
; i j. ]1 Z1 L# H/ i6 l- ?② 获取访问 WMI 权限:$ D* E0 w) X" U" h" R
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
8 J/ C4 H" i' g# P, u6 _ 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
% t5 l) I/ p) p: I4 d- P+ i* N 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。% d9 \& P4 q1 N# N" I9 {
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)3 ~7 j1 z$ A# P; P
{
0 m! V9 Q. a0 V* y" I$ O5 j" K2 Y IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;5 N, y3 f; J7 L' b, B
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
) N! X. X% Z8 ]7 X- T5 ? {
9 _( U* u' C2 X4 P1 v IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
5 t" z3 `, |9 @4 o6 @% u0 W WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");: o* I+ r e* Y' [6 i# v
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)" Q+ d3 p/ q' E9 \5 }- L/ {, i6 ]
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
7 I5 @: h. J( g" L3 D% K( C WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
$ x1 h! Z% I' b9 i" Z7 M if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK). b$ M" ^2 o: z% E
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;2 x, {6 V$ |, D, M5 L$ L) v
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
# D( S B7 ]/ | if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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) v8 V+ f( e3 `! _& z6 H, V int iEnumIdx = 0;' [1 }% }0 L8 E# W8 Z
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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# }4 M- L f/ q6 Y1 | lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;+ B; s! \9 q; ]( s& A4 t r
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)' P4 ~+ d- P g! T2 U
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long vbl, vbu;5 U) M- I3 w! n
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);% e( ]- ?. W! }) A2 o, W! G
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);- [- c* Z( l( e r! X% u k+ U
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;
$ _* z0 l1 c; {: f$ ?) {! e wchar_t *wsName = 0;% B! |" H! U. d3 D, _* v
VARIANT vValue;% m) U' b; ]2 F0 \
VariantInit(&vValue);- E. \ ~# Q+ v4 ^. {4 Z
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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" v; X) f, v t" R; t BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
5 r) v* M) E; x c HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
: S) v* ~4 r/ e4 b, X SysFreeString(bs);
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$ I# G+ l+ V b i if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;
& @# f: T7 {0 t6 b. n Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
4 _* x1 J2 D4 _) ` if(v.IsArray())
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! c4 A7 q; R, k& e0 r for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++); t5 q$ W: A" a+ b. o
{
9 m* {, s8 j) B# E& S/ l Variant a = v.GetElement(i);" m( z! q e0 B
if(!s.IsEmpty())1 A% P/ F/ m6 F: _
s+=", ";
* @. D' d5 C' j* [+ i s+=VarToStr(a);
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{
8 J2 W" T, q0 J6 T' z i/ v s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);7 h' B0 o* L7 ~$ S! }
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VariantClear(&vValue);3 ?- {" ?* x$ a% a( B
SysFreeString(wsName);$ I$ W; V; c8 q9 E5 D0 z4 T; ~
}
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);1 m1 J7 ]5 P+ g; O6 b$ ~
iEnumIdx++;
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();& k+ v( O; C% m! X( f2 c
}
1 d w9 x1 X4 w if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();9 V4 Y) I& P- W: b% T8 w( ]
}
# s- m. B" }& @# q if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();7 j7 m+ z* w2 r
}
3 p) r3 X, b* H+ p0 h1 e) u- i if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();: @$ l2 f" T9 h) i
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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a0 \) i, i( u+ T) l& L' P- l e// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
5 u6 s' S4 t: Y) I- e( xvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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' @% `( _. n/ `0 N6 B: Y Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");$ j6 n% F {$ |6 g
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
0 F; F8 [* G; ^% L4 l; M. G Memo1->Lines->Add("");, N* K& Z( ~* A+ b
}
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
9 K. S" o0 N; q2 T) q Win32_1394Controller, N' a" @2 D' r$ ^$ S3 b: R, q
Win32_BaseBoard9 w) Z# M% G0 f3 F8 B' u
Win32_Battery& P- q4 C" s' u6 T. Q! K
Win32_BIOS! ?- r6 {2 K; F( ~& Q" k3 a! g! E
Win32_Bus
/ `% v3 x+ k: A( P6 B Win32_CacheMemory% [6 G" o$ A& P' @0 O4 @
Win32_CDROMDrive
0 i4 g( T& h! i' ^) p$ ?/ V Win32_CurrentProbe4 H" [3 @- B1 r" H! Q' y8 j
Win32_DesktopMonitor
5 p: ]3 [% b/ c+ z+ J# A; ` Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress2 [4 h1 s7 G+ K- r; E! S. |+ {
Win32_DiskDrive
: n+ T8 ~6 {- A8 M" m; Z Win32_DisplayConfiguration
5 ?1 _& g; t3 Y9 n6 ~5 M* b Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
) f1 {( d" v' ?; K" t- d Win32_DMAChannel
8 g1 y6 f$ G* @# z& y Win32_Fan# `) ^; s9 I, n3 A. L9 W
Win32_FloppyController& O5 D; w, N& Y! U
Win32_FloppyDrive
9 r/ G7 d# Q$ U+ Q p: v Win32_HeatPipe
& Z: _3 F+ g J: n" c8 |" W Win32_IDEController
, C2 _8 w5 z. S" _ Win32_InfraredDevice. g6 s% t2 s/ `# S" l: ^4 ^
Win32_IRQResource
3 W6 T4 Z2 B& O! T4 c8 \ Win32_Keyboard6 m& P3 R% f3 s( Q- I' Z2 l
Win32_MemoryArray
! P2 {( U, c3 F/ k# o2 { Win32_MemoryDevice
, f4 e5 W2 H- U9 n Win32_MotherboardDevice R6 c2 l7 \7 J ~) t6 V
Win32_NetworkAdapter/ e( l/ M# m; u4 z/ f1 u
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
, g5 k6 v% u0 c/ `0 v- a9 k# `% _ Win32_OnBoardDevice
% d9 L7 u* ` [4 ~" { Win32_ParallelPort
0 t+ x c4 u* b: i Win32_PCMCIAController e' c4 z" G, ^. z0 B
Win32_PhysicalMemory2 _) J' L# D2 `* Z$ b) O5 \( B
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray* O& J4 ]& P) @6 w1 R
Win32_PnPEntity
2 f" c0 X3 |/ ~3 l2 d B/ z Win32_PointingDevice
3 @! Q; e/ j; }) ^ f' K' G# r Win32_PortableBattery
. u7 u) o, T3 Q0 b5 I8 ~( Y _8 l Win32_PortConnector
' s1 j4 J$ N8 G, \, P; ~ Win32_PortResource
: q, r4 o3 s2 |! a9 I7 P) T Win32_POTSModem2 P% x8 v( G @% h
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
& E5 q. j4 d. y; G" W X9 K# ] Win32_Printer O& m; x, n- [* p6 C4 v
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
, F& h+ l- ~2 g% i! A Win32_PrintJob4 A' S4 K" M5 _
Win32_Processor. k0 b3 D; [& X/ D8 H$ v: [
Win32_Refrigeration
* k7 `* j4 ~8 i& Q+ @ R, @; g Win32_SerialPort
( C6 T. M" q0 P8 X Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
+ l+ [% m+ Y/ u# o5 b0 Z4 {+ L Win32_SMBIOSMemory
' R" h: j4 u, Q, R4 {* m2 J$ z" ` Win32_SoundDevice
6 D9 Y1 B; ?' j A0 ` Win32_SystemEnclosure
7 A" Y; S* h& h5 B* O) Y5 A6 [2 j Win32_SystemMemoryResource
/ R5 P2 `7 E' i* U; ~- L$ H Win32_SystemSlot9 N4 H6 L! `( x$ M' j) G. Y
Win32_TapeDrive
! T7 c4 |, g# K8 J0 t3 o; r5 n Win32_TemperatureProbe- D m) u& o( [! l# a
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply8 @4 t8 m, O9 U! u5 X! _
Win32_USBController
& ]5 O) W, h. z2 c7 F Win32_VideoConfiguration( D: [5 A9 c, B& `3 c9 j
Win32_VideoController
* I2 n9 r1 s$ g% Y5 x Win32_VoltageProbe/ s" a7 o1 f# l
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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