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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)6 h0 U% o& P+ @0 T& @4 D, v
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
@6 b: n2 R3 o3 B5 j, |. V2 o 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。; s3 h; S2 \# j% l# z
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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① 初始化 COM 接口:% d+ f$ l! i7 Z
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。8 R$ v2 `& f) `; d9 S! B& ?1 ?& \
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。$ `. h O1 V4 C4 M8 {
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:; _5 C7 y g/ S3 G$ T8 Y( ?
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);2 o* u( d& d/ `0 W. A8 Q. U8 d
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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, k3 f9 H5 y+ y1 ?# J' t% s8 T* p; `③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:: O( p( j5 x% }/ \/ [; w
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。* ]( _2 Y& g( J7 i9 j
t5 M, b' |! kvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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: V2 @& e6 X7 g8 O4 G$ P IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;% Q3 r5 \, l& m3 d' M4 e- W1 q. Q# ]
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;3 p# H7 h" }) }2 J
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");0 b5 x% N7 G- V+ a& t
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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; T" ]* E7 r" P! p) b9 T* U IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;) C2 P$ j4 k1 L) ?! N' F# A" O
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
# K% [* w4 p, k( X4 D if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK): x( k/ e$ ]+ P
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;5 e F+ p2 w9 @6 @' c
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
- V# `! V7 q& v3 h) g if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)" [) D; l1 L( K
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int iEnumIdx = 0;
' j% x# a/ G' V7 @ while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)& \- u, o' w0 J1 e: i
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");' d* K0 _2 r! Z4 z- z3 M
4 a# P7 d4 s0 H- d4 ~3 H2 f) \0 J SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;& n+ H% d9 u0 J1 P! K( \) i {
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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" Q7 y# A6 M6 E, d! {$ }# G* y2 L* ^ long vbl, vbu;
2 w) Q4 V0 ]5 Y' i/ G( [7 Y2 T SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);( \ L9 N y+ W. f
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
( m3 @/ g' v" C! g( {: ?& k9 I7 X for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;
' ]4 M* U/ V9 J" r( I wchar_t *wsName = 0;
- g* y% A0 t1 T" X b VARIANT vValue;
! G- s9 q$ [' G7 \ VariantInit(&vValue);
+ _4 a# m7 ?6 E! V- r. f4 H; }9 K# ] SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);3 U y+ e* d% h0 L8 O9 ~
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
& f% I! d4 z8 `3 |) C/ J HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
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if(hRes == S_OK)
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# |$ B! g& `" e; W+ q* W: |/ _ AnsiString s;; j) W/ D. \# r; p, J
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
4 m. \0 O% w N+ K7 v! r5 Z9 q if(v.IsArray())
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3 [) K# Y0 e" @+ n0 o Z& K Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
$ \- S' m9 C$ L1 y! k3 k* ^) w if(!s.IsEmpty())
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s+=VarToStr(a);4 A2 k# i" l$ U8 O9 _7 V3 b
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else
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s = VarToStr(v);, H, m+ r9 x$ y8 q9 ?3 }
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);) q' |+ W2 p% U. w; w( m) ?. Y
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VariantClear(&vValue);) B, v. l( V/ t( h
SysFreeString(wsName);' Z& y0 N0 W' u% K* f% L
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);( x% H/ B `1 m3 \( |9 B
iEnumIdx++;, u) j. V7 M# H" `
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}
& Q$ P1 I! [" D" w/ d5 l1 o if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();" K. G5 N6 ?% B- m. [" I
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();; P2 V2 q; `$ }
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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4 ^% X3 O$ m! Y0 o if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();- p& O! B" L. {
}
$ } Z4 P0 K: B7 I( V `" S//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
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9 X8 [+ R; {. C Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
: y5 r. s0 x' [6 q0 y8 o% X GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
, s! [: o2 J0 K5 T Memo1->Lines->Add("");- t# q' I( J" q4 \" q3 J- J6 R
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4 y; `$ i7 A$ x5 _0 E* MWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
! U8 _1 }' V" a; j Win32_1394Controller% J3 D. @3 \/ ?; S2 r& R$ I
Win32_BaseBoard* t/ ^! h/ V0 c+ h% ^- P
Win32_Battery
9 p: I8 S) O& d: W& c+ s5 P Win32_BIOS
, r& J2 i/ \+ d& V Win32_Bus: G( [ A" u2 v( H' ~: T0 m' {6 K7 ^
Win32_CacheMemory
: {' r: k" R6 r# o/ T Win32_CDROMDrive
+ a. s2 g' P5 u* z( R Win32_CurrentProbe t* ?& m& ^) ~) P, Q3 R
Win32_DesktopMonitor, S; U0 S: p, h3 }( P
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress/ f( R. B8 `! F' x' O
Win32_DiskDrive
: k5 @ v+ ^- x Win32_DisplayConfiguration
" I$ V- Y# t: V, l! u Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
7 o$ f# X7 \7 h8 F6 ?+ ` Win32_DMAChannel0 _, U6 y' ]1 I
Win32_Fan6 h! {, T; F& o) E5 a. `1 H2 A
Win32_FloppyController
1 z5 b2 {7 M9 k) A( O Win32_FloppyDrive& ]& N1 F4 p$ q1 f
Win32_HeatPipe/ P$ T2 D: l5 Y' V( f3 R
Win32_IDEController
$ U' U. e" m4 _! J Win32_InfraredDevice/ C6 z1 |: P) \ }% Q% |5 g
Win32_IRQResource
% e! X0 A+ F) v; ^! _) M Win32_Keyboard2 z) P5 ~ e$ {, P G# {+ N( K7 U
Win32_MemoryArray
" ?9 K% P% q7 D5 }) K7 C Win32_MemoryDevice' }0 w' O6 u, R5 g
Win32_MotherboardDevice
" E1 K- q: o S2 H' a* [% C; r Win32_NetworkAdapter3 B; A% Q5 x# ]" s- A5 A! z
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
: T5 F5 W/ Y( q1 U. E& ] Win32_OnBoardDevice
) G0 v' ~) `, ?+ f( C9 ?6 L Win32_ParallelPort
4 T/ f0 A. E/ u- x9 C Win32_PCMCIAController: J) [9 A6 ?+ w) `( s$ I z
Win32_PhysicalMemory8 f( S3 |/ R' H# r1 I4 R* m
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
6 Z$ C! i+ j0 q Win32_PnPEntity+ o$ A' V# v. w. |: [. s4 M' ]$ F
Win32_PointingDevice
& [1 l0 \' `+ O, s4 \0 w Win32_PortableBattery
1 g; f0 K3 f$ E* `/ ?0 u' m: B Win32_PortConnector* Y& j: D1 Y5 S* u
Win32_PortResource
: L( t5 m6 W! l8 e$ `# s( K% X Win32_POTSModem
: f. f; M0 ?$ n# J Win32_PowerManagementEvent
: ], [2 h" j+ F Win32_Printer
5 _) G2 ~, W. w- | Win32_PrinterConfiguration
9 N5 C1 Q) t3 K# t Win32_PrintJob) u$ N6 C$ ~4 P) l9 x. V8 t
Win32_Processor/ \0 O& n# N5 v5 h0 m6 ]
Win32_Refrigeration+ U8 n! B1 Q% A
Win32_SerialPort7 r: U& a, m$ p7 E, f) E
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
, B F7 B' k, q; G) n6 r O Win32_SMBIOSMemory% j' u7 f6 ]1 T' I: c' U4 r7 B, R& t5 O
Win32_SoundDevice2 @' `& _1 q2 y
Win32_SystemEnclosure
" m( k' ~5 P4 E4 R) b8 o8 d Win32_SystemMemoryResource* I8 c5 z$ A4 I6 |) n
Win32_SystemSlot
5 E1 H1 h+ `. U. k2 r+ \ Win32_TapeDrive! G* c0 s# }# m0 b- H! D1 d& z
Win32_TemperatureProbe p% j/ W1 }& H y
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
" N& g y# L% I% f* X Win32_USBController
; a% D8 |9 ]+ w" v1 m7 D5 E Win32_VideoConfiguration: n5 g6 v" [) e$ L
Win32_VideoController
" n! @ q8 ?: Z# I! B Win32_VoltageProbe' y0 w) `' f: \, }4 ]2 c
6 ~; V+ S5 Z F以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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