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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)+ {( _5 j2 U* O/ {$ C
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)& z8 `7 }* p' T* j8 K) A
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
' O# n" O- N5 M, m7 m. w# t 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
8 o9 p9 U2 R$ i 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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) t/ g4 ]( _. Q- w( y① 初始化 COM 接口:
+ Z8 O0 I1 Z4 W: O 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
* i4 }% p0 H3 L# A) n 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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! x( m% a* x; w$ b2 q$ I② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
& K0 i! f7 ^' U4 H' n9 ^( H Q CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
. @- |; ` E/ X3 G3 E 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。/ W# I8 {: a' y8 V* m0 _
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
6 Z" D3 s, V* }1 a/ c3 h 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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. S* y$ c- K9 X1 ovoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)/ H9 c, L, N* _7 N3 W" ?, l
{
- S1 A0 X$ ^' V+ f IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
* ]2 Q R& L+ ~/ N* M% n1 D2 P: H if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
) {# n( b/ Y" b WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
" ^0 H4 C* H7 d3 A if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)5 f4 f" a" q) g$ O+ f J+ ]; p, W
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;6 K# e0 `, E+ _" o4 Y* G$ F) D# X
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
, i0 n. w/ F2 Y2 _- w3 F N5 W- q if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
" ?$ X2 ~/ i" f# G% p" r! `7 P$ g ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
* A' p) |" o4 T! P3 p9 m if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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& [! _+ Q7 _) W( P# d) g$ Z int iEnumIdx = 0;
- V" \$ u. A; }! h! D while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)) h' n+ l a; [6 ^2 J: I6 P9 C
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");+ |& k- C. h8 ^5 Q- g( q3 @
: z1 [7 _( I# f+ R3 U SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;3 O& R& f4 ^' U! s- G2 f I
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;
& O" ?5 ~( |4 q SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
8 Z$ w+ R- f% H+ K& P+ N8 R/ k SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);% p2 w8 H; _2 f8 X6 R3 f9 l
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;) _6 O0 _" z& c$ f# e
wchar_t *wsName = 0;. p) |. I4 S8 M1 ^/ V8 R ^ p& O
VARIANT vValue;
) d5 j: d; a6 A VariantInit(&vValue);
3 P- P; Y& a! x. g- e0 v7 E8 s# T SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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- H1 U5 B; ^' u- P# C; x BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);5 h. g: ~) \6 a
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
" g' \8 i. |! F1 @ SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)- a* l0 h0 T& a8 c1 e: i8 p
{
3 V4 e2 K9 B3 j: R5 T" U AnsiString s;
0 W9 \; x# j; V) m7 @ Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;* S4 R- K" S4 U ^, D. D; _
if(v.IsArray())8 I+ O9 l1 v+ `' J
{
6 g4 {' [2 G0 c8 i for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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4 e; O: y- Q6 e5 X8 a Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
" ^: v6 J/ p" |- r: c$ j if(!s.IsEmpty()): P8 E1 l7 Q4 ^
s+=", ";$ ^3 o8 y5 `' Y) G
s+=VarToStr(a);2 o# K5 }- m$ W9 ?9 n: H9 u0 Y
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}
9 E* _3 Y! ]1 X) ? else
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5 D6 y) q0 s# T9 R5 a& | s = VarToStr(v);; M9 L( a1 @9 ?
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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( i. Z. {9 J' C VariantClear(&vValue);. p2 t, D0 g. }7 u( K; ?+ t- s9 @
SysFreeString(wsName);, X9 s/ j' q2 k4 e0 s/ p& O
}
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
% H+ P. |! t1 w" u6 Q8 p; { iEnumIdx++;
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}
d! f: {. F6 Z, m if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();9 b- A! j9 [: ^' ?* |% h4 ?
}
3 Y( N0 K- X9 t7 ` if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();& s- ^6 O6 N3 l' p4 V* z4 _& H
}; x0 w; O8 |4 m& g2 {
if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();2 a4 }3 _0 o# j( Q2 d# m# e% J0 B
}
' `3 r7 G/ A% g5 S `0 u, {! I if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
% h/ ~' i. G( {2 S# V' w% xvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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8 j7 ^ D4 v8 q. H- L' m7 T Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");% g2 H6 } d; H1 P$ h( P# }
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");* {( h9 L" a! _ c; c. @7 ^' d
Memo1->Lines->Add("");; B6 }% d/ X, I, A
}
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:0 c0 c' [& S. ~/ l. F* h: i8 w
Win32_1394Controller- o( j# m9 e2 A/ s
Win32_BaseBoard4 u3 J7 C1 E8 M. E6 B1 o. C
Win32_Battery
/ s$ ~1 D0 j7 C. W Win32_BIOS0 x- R+ Y# u5 @$ \
Win32_Bus( r: J/ s: Y* S' n
Win32_CacheMemory+ R9 X: L( G6 L& I# p: n: }
Win32_CDROMDrive
5 u( h0 b N/ U/ F" {# d Win32_CurrentProbe U; S4 }& ~3 `% V
Win32_DesktopMonitor
9 v' z' j$ c0 }3 Z Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
- o7 m; }3 w8 ^- y! D! N$ | Win32_DiskDrive6 [7 x! c: I0 g# p
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
/ h2 o5 A8 \- a: R. u7 n Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
3 k# ~. A( n- _# G: Q Win32_DMAChannel
' p9 w" R) J" z" I/ W) F Win32_Fan+ E) r+ V e) G2 V H6 v
Win32_FloppyController; k$ r" l5 L/ C6 n+ V6 R
Win32_FloppyDrive! p: E/ ], p k, W
Win32_HeatPipe
; _5 A' U4 s4 s4 @- r Win32_IDEController
% ^# r4 I7 p# T: [7 [- R Win32_InfraredDevice
5 T) J8 n0 L4 p4 L B& `: k Win32_IRQResource6 b# E) V( p. C0 P7 v
Win32_Keyboard
# Z* A3 d I1 Y7 B! H& K0 i2 d Win32_MemoryArray
J; f" `4 B2 h. m( Y; S Win32_MemoryDevice+ w, H0 O3 T3 @8 e# i% \. ^
Win32_MotherboardDevice) y \4 ]( _' {! j4 ^* z; C8 Y
Win32_NetworkAdapter" I1 K6 b/ l# E/ C$ o
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration3 d/ y) k8 J& U. F3 e& d" G8 m& r
Win32_OnBoardDevice) t4 I; J4 b+ K/ j3 Y
Win32_ParallelPort
+ \& c9 [8 s, i- {! k3 ] Win32_PCMCIAController
. Q0 T! X0 D6 Q4 p7 e1 x Win32_PhysicalMemory& \9 @" _9 g+ |
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
# e) W/ Q8 h* F) W! _" M0 i+ t: U1 }. Y Win32_PnPEntity
4 S" ] N3 e# S0 R Win32_PointingDevice
) j3 E9 p; c1 P/ t3 L& } Win32_PortableBattery& Z+ c& l, w/ D8 P, g
Win32_PortConnector
# d1 \4 I+ D {) U8 V Win32_PortResource
+ Z& W4 ~% w4 I5 ]0 ` Win32_POTSModem' `- F p/ P! C) ?( |& ]$ p
Win32_PowerManagementEvent4 F+ R, Y8 S% M# P
Win32_Printer
8 o2 M' [6 F# h Win32_PrinterConfiguration3 {9 w& O7 G3 x$ ~
Win32_PrintJob
7 K( r9 W: w5 m, h K7 @ V Win32_Processor
- K( Y' B. @- d Win32_Refrigeration
; Z" D# ]3 k( y+ n2 |+ R) q' X: E Win32_SerialPort
4 M$ g% ]9 x+ S/ z4 B& \: q* W Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
8 r7 _7 [( q1 B* r Win32_SMBIOSMemory
+ |6 S, Z1 k ]/ \ Win32_SoundDevice
+ X9 n3 i0 F3 B5 q8 b* E) K Win32_SystemEnclosure; Y+ Q: b6 U3 {) z* ~& U
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
: c9 v3 e& A% k2 C Win32_SystemSlot
* `' ^ d* I6 u, T8 [+ D Win32_TapeDrive
8 X, ]0 S0 K4 O6 o3 o Win32_TemperatureProbe
v3 ]7 f- F* h; Z$ c; p4 Q Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
$ G; Q/ ]/ d1 F Win32_USBController
' w5 v: q8 j4 V8 }+ M+ y Win32_VideoConfiguration+ X% ? T5 }- H: r6 O* ?+ b& ^
Win32_VideoController
5 w) ]" ]" K8 o8 T1 ]' P J Win32_VoltageProbe1 F4 ?5 X1 }0 `' C! D% L
6 B; k. U- T* g' r0 {$ I; t以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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