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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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" e/ T9 j4 ^" L! m5 I3 cWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
8 A2 n# v4 @8 q$ ` 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 . z4 j$ p& e# z; y
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
5 @& ~( O& v9 S- {5 z% L 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 6 c! L @9 `5 y$ ~6 n7 g3 H
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+ U: k4 {" g9 l4 s4 Q* BBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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) p& n- Z F( a4 H" o2 s3 R" X① 初始化 COM 接口:7 Z0 U0 [$ \0 ?) z3 f) Y9 C
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。 E0 F/ v! l9 ]5 O$ `0 h$ _# E# H: y
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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6 t2 [* ~' w2 {3 I# b7 ]② 获取访问 WMI 权限:1 b' a- E& L4 b9 a8 L* `) \6 k7 a
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);5 }3 l1 R' L3 d/ t7 a$ T
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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" |- C3 j' j: a) n1 e! V0 C③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
. D' e, H1 M# x' { 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。; }2 d1 O+ Z0 e4 ^, ^
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)+ ]0 z/ V X% I; P* | W) a1 y, a
{
2 K9 q6 I& r! U3 R IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;( a I+ R+ Q. K- N# s
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)+ K" \/ A9 u, g/ v
{
. m: `/ {+ n9 h3 t IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;% Y8 U2 K1 ~/ v
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
/ H, Y/ Q6 d. d6 g8 d8 w: ] if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)6 M+ O+ T, t4 A; s
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;1 _0 M, I7 o3 R3 o" U" d
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;' b) ]4 B M W! [
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;' z) Y2 e# H6 ^2 D1 t
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;3 ~" h* j% ?' |; I5 ]6 M# \
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)) I* F/ }% |" i
{
9 @; |( j7 K# q int iEnumIdx = 0;
5 v% l& Q+ ~; a9 [7 I I S while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;# s8 D5 l d% S# e% ~* S; E
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;
+ }" G$ I t. h B) j! G SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);% y9 t! y/ E0 I$ v: z: S! J
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
8 l' p3 y( [/ M& c: g- [- r+ D for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)8 m% r( r5 Z) c* u+ x& F2 Y
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long aidx = idx;
! V4 ?- n- S7 h" s3 n: Y wchar_t *wsName = 0;- q* n/ Z4 H4 e$ c$ C' ?$ U0 ]
VARIANT vValue;
6 n% t; W; B' c VariantInit(&vValue);
3 }$ V. Y. K4 A/ A8 M& R( R SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
0 `3 C: ^8 [( Y0 k1 Z HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);: W; ~9 K- \. Z' t2 d1 G
SysFreeString(bs); ^# ^% q# k4 a/ u R+ }, \
' F+ B, p$ x9 B) g& H) \8 y if(hRes == S_OK)$ s+ X4 {9 ]" e
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AnsiString s;
& r# [5 k6 N+ H1 X7 n Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;) E3 Z3 I3 i6 P; l, z
if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++); j( I+ d3 b% ^: p
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);! O( S: r6 y: }% e: L) H* B
if(!s.IsEmpty())
5 y5 U$ a5 m4 O- ^ H; j/ R s+=", ";
$ W0 d2 T) ]* X S+ u1 K: C3 _ s+=VarToStr(a);% i# m$ O: E) n5 [
}
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else
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s = VarToStr(v);4 g) E5 N% h0 O3 P# [! u6 I
}
$ l# ?4 e2 ?5 s5 l# ` h lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);1 y" u; e, N2 ]$ i! |$ _3 D' n
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' n9 O. z* a' |( }( P+ b VariantClear(&vValue);
0 X4 d0 \, M" a8 y SysFreeString(wsName);- [* m; M5 O7 z, E [' F) r/ ^% K
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
0 O$ S" J2 W0 {+ g2 @ iEnumIdx++;
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3 V" {3 i- L# r9 {5 ~, O if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();- j, V; x# U7 o0 T+ ]6 J
}
. {; R& O# z$ s if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();. y# B; l# V0 a% M
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4 U) L6 {5 B9 V3 x% d$ x// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
6 r3 @3 U* L( d8 e' Svoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
5 k: o& b2 ]6 @. T# F, S GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
3 b' [: v) U8 |5 E% |- X+ R; Q Memo1->Lines->Add("");& O0 b1 P- i' H2 v$ ]+ |
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
6 P* T+ U. B" p Win32_1394Controller( F5 a- b% X4 g" F/ y; s! ]
Win32_BaseBoard
7 E( B7 g2 o0 W. K. |3 |: R' C Win32_Battery. J3 P2 i; @8 P9 |
Win32_BIOS
3 [: U; q# v- b K Win32_Bus5 X, O! [4 j ?+ z3 N
Win32_CacheMemory
* _ i7 l$ O# r: ~$ p0 @ Win32_CDROMDrive& w7 b+ t' ~ x6 u6 L
Win32_CurrentProbe3 B3 E+ _3 Q; L0 D0 a! ]
Win32_DesktopMonitor
% @- g3 s3 c8 {. D8 m% i Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress: _- v# q' g' C7 l! Y
Win32_DiskDrive
3 G, s! j3 h) I t, {5 z Win32_DisplayConfiguration
# M9 }' @2 o2 L3 f( Z6 }. y Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration7 B' ]7 _9 A/ r
Win32_DMAChannel. ?6 [8 T @- D ?! E; t3 [. E, ?7 f
Win32_Fan
+ m+ ~* g' Z9 I+ H Win32_FloppyController
% D! K+ O6 f+ t+ V& {$ E+ O Win32_FloppyDrive- J4 L9 b' f( c2 {9 X6 _+ N
Win32_HeatPipe
! q+ ?: a+ r4 g x) C; I/ L. w Win32_IDEController
1 I# V( j+ E8 V0 Z4 { Win32_InfraredDevice% ]0 t$ H3 M: I( |! n
Win32_IRQResource) `% a- z$ o$ D: r- [
Win32_Keyboard
" U- c! O! d8 R+ a Win32_MemoryArray: n3 C- u# g; T+ e+ I+ j
Win32_MemoryDevice
4 r) M8 M) J9 l Win32_MotherboardDevice
- m$ j" Z ], w Win32_NetworkAdapter7 M, Z( i( e3 a7 G+ ]
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration2 D" j4 j8 }* l8 ]. ~+ j4 L6 y
Win32_OnBoardDevice! D1 E# |6 z- E* y; X/ w
Win32_ParallelPort: I- E& e% ^( L" o# X S" I
Win32_PCMCIAController
8 z7 {' @' i3 Y1 Q- P% J( K Win32_PhysicalMemory
' f# y- q6 H) w2 S/ h' f Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray& N: c( q, p0 G( T! h( {& { v
Win32_PnPEntity! G1 O9 E( ?: Q4 n: {7 R* ?
Win32_PointingDevice
! q7 t; N3 [7 V$ Y- g8 R" U Win32_PortableBattery+ `4 ^% ]0 Q5 l5 q g6 X; G
Win32_PortConnector; {! z0 q+ N! H1 i
Win32_PortResource/ [- ?4 x" `& g6 V
Win32_POTSModem
2 c n8 v' l) \5 k( e2 N! G* i, O Win32_PowerManagementEvent
- k; l0 s; f5 J0 g9 O+ R$ L Win32_Printer" F4 Z) m1 I: F: {
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
1 n& J. x( N3 i* X l* ^ Win32_PrintJob2 K/ n# ^7 l0 l4 ^# |" T( D
Win32_Processor$ ?3 r) `# |$ B$ A0 u
Win32_Refrigeration* S7 k5 v5 D7 k& i' b: _- q
Win32_SerialPort
5 Z; x5 T3 E, |8 }2 m; {; k. p Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
3 C; ^' o" `2 T! v1 ?, G8 i5 }" z. m Win32_SMBIOSMemory( `0 C! B2 V' A* P: j/ }. w
Win32_SoundDevice4 ? z9 A: P0 ?# l! l/ S
Win32_SystemEnclosure
4 t* C* C; `) L* r; L$ s+ J' S Win32_SystemMemoryResource5 k& R1 Y7 Y) X# [9 }$ R5 J; `! w
Win32_SystemSlot. r2 O% Z% }4 O( ]0 @4 H7 q
Win32_TapeDrive
) Y4 _! A1 G: O9 `+ I2 O' ? Win32_TemperatureProbe
; s8 k. {' T; O9 s- U8 w Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
: ~- E% {4 P' h2 z6 Z' ` Win32_USBController" j: C0 f1 B6 s4 l9 X6 o
Win32_VideoConfiguration" i& u& a7 m& K
Win32_VideoController. u" V' [0 y- h# A. w; f6 }: R2 n8 a
Win32_VoltageProbe
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; l: M/ P: p/ N2 m以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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