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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)3 @. j' f6 M" G6 Q
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/ |$ Q6 N6 ]( e$ xWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)$ b( h% q5 ^# f* U. c" v3 _
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
8 y* n/ s+ F/ B5 S8 B3 I# J 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
4 p3 P" s+ K/ F: [ 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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; I! D9 @' @1 ^ Y, b: S" e0 }* j2 HBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面3 R9 o$ G3 ?/ s. E% K6 k
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' u1 k% A3 W- _" W8 M$ k① 初始化 COM 接口:
. x/ I6 x+ S: L# C" O 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。4 {; A% j7 c8 k; _% W1 N
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。6 m9 h: H- z1 `+ C3 n( ^
9 P k" P) \3 j7 J② 获取访问 WMI 权限:) w7 a: {$ E! X6 U% G. E) Y
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
. O$ Y) B$ y9 |- P I# e/ M& ] 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。- X: o, x( I2 w- V( Q% c# S6 J: m& _
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
5 e& r" P! Q, o 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。& I0 G/ K; d* o2 [7 ~4 K- O
6 l `. F$ i1 k$ m1 j, @ }void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;( g) |, O& ^0 m) f4 S
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK), [1 W' [4 `7 v
{
: M D3 B& X0 F! @/ f IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
; s4 a) t1 [' n [; h WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");) j/ f* x* w, w5 I2 d4 L# j
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)# f, f8 U8 ~, M& z
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
9 W3 d& R0 h ~( f* O+ M0 Z WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
6 r* d# ]/ s+ I$ @/ i if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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5 ]. W, M+ X& F5 ?- c IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
; I$ N, p) r6 d0 u4 _/ Q ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;' r( G" h9 d0 Y" ]! W
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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1 P& {, U/ ~( n' @ X P9 O int iEnumIdx = 0;
; a% G' K6 r/ K( Y: \5 q while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)! j+ S# q- [' C) p$ [# H! V
{
. n# G/ a t1 J8 W: m; o) K lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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8 t/ k6 `2 r4 _3 \4 v! f% l SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;- H- L/ i! O1 R" k7 P
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)2 x' o! l {, Z5 E; S* a
{
; [7 L$ c& ^+ d0 q9 I) }* ~2 K! O long vbl, vbu;* Q) i' i$ h3 B9 U) K. l$ T
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
# [6 a; w5 Q( R! [5 |- u SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
9 H- Z ], J/ ~ for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)' d2 k6 Y# v, k
{
% h' P9 `: G* U- c7 i1 J/ Q! d% J long aidx = idx;
; k$ A) `% U7 { ]4 q! U/ D wchar_t *wsName = 0;
" u, h, ~. j& y5 I1 B" r VARIANT vValue;! i7 Z2 N3 _5 c0 M8 h7 W
VariantInit(&vValue);
4 r' G5 _0 E* c SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);" c. l1 a' t3 E7 y6 E
; X0 o- D d! C" |# ]9 ~, q BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName); U G K, K1 X, y/ U3 c
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
. t4 n/ Y0 w6 ^7 e SysFreeString(bs);/ G. H/ `$ P% D
0 J/ Q$ S: e& \; F# ] if(hRes == S_OK)' \4 s! l# K. P" ^8 L
{
. C4 u% }: h; [ AnsiString s;
; z' L& e4 D+ S. C N2 @, E Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;& O, p* U2 b4 s. r) ~$ _4 I
if(v.IsArray())3 g T: u9 w8 c9 ]
{
g2 L# Q* m: X' E for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);2 _0 K/ Q. y# Z( ?5 T2 o/ y
if(!s.IsEmpty()) n3 U9 i" [9 T3 p, X
s+=", ";
4 }' C9 S- ]) W/ A& j0 N s+=VarToStr(a);/ ~) K4 y& Q0 T" T
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else
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- @9 |( T$ H q s = VarToStr(v);
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$ J: @) u9 y9 e' U; T2 j$ ~3 J) V) | lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);1 t: a( b- t. }0 o" ~! x: ~- q" s/ Z
}
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$ R/ O7 ]$ g# u+ e, q& H8 q2 p O VariantClear(&vValue);
9 L+ A. A2 J# Q5 d. b6 x, I8 ]1 e5 @( o' \ SysFreeString(wsName);9 O8 z' {/ e2 U# P( j: c2 ~
}
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; S4 ], b* i8 K- ^7 \* R) F( ?5 B if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);- I9 x2 \6 y! u3 ^" B! c8 t7 n
iEnumIdx++; z ^4 a7 K6 Z) w: r
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}
, ^* r; W* Y$ C! P8 ^ if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();' u& F; Y, G8 w& N. ] Z
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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$ s# l& |) G# B0 `, b% U8 m if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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. A$ Y9 Z9 A% f, a- U4 O$ S if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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! K# O. }0 s& j; f//---------------------------------------------------------------------------( A9 r( I4 s% J- I
! b+ }# u( Q0 L- c! w// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:6 I/ s, c+ X7 W; ?. ?: X# p* Y
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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. R1 b3 @) D" o" K# R( r Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
0 m; ^* w8 I4 m' } GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
1 x+ Y$ q: `9 j- g' H. u' S- n Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:# ]4 Z$ E1 G, j1 ]
Win32_1394Controller, K# e: y1 `% g6 G" F3 F
Win32_BaseBoard
, I1 L* h% c. W- O0 R% r5 u7 q D Win32_Battery+ f) _$ K4 L6 p3 H( X0 I- E
Win32_BIOS& ^; D8 q) v+ \. S0 D6 w
Win32_Bus0 t0 v2 K/ H$ M. m/ C. Z! B6 D2 m
Win32_CacheMemory+ O$ C. s5 \" R
Win32_CDROMDrive8 n+ p! }8 L2 w- \! ~, u4 H$ `
Win32_CurrentProbe
4 K& {* `5 z/ j' o" T N Win32_DesktopMonitor
! ^' V: N% e! c6 G! @+ ~; N4 m Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
/ t' w! z9 O+ y/ i$ ^( S( z Win32_DiskDrive
j9 k" ]; V4 N! k& q4 e& i Win32_DisplayConfiguration
! x) q: B6 g: b9 `' r$ ]4 ^& T Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration( V$ ^# Z# v- ?' X1 ~7 W$ ]; M
Win32_DMAChannel
+ U% j: \% H/ r: @( D0 J Win32_Fan+ H1 I' K! ]9 r; p5 n
Win32_FloppyController
) l, y! s3 u! E+ _' _ Win32_FloppyDrive
. t* N8 k( C) P6 k- ?6 B; h1 M( z Win32_HeatPipe
9 ]: a. d m# B Win32_IDEController6 S- ?/ @. e# D
Win32_InfraredDevice2 U) X, Y( L" ~2 A5 u
Win32_IRQResource
& N+ Z* j" W; @4 V$ P5 ] Win32_Keyboard
4 l% I; _2 }5 w Win32_MemoryArray
8 U2 |; S6 X8 z Win32_MemoryDevice; Z2 r* l. F. J4 J; w9 u0 z
Win32_MotherboardDevice* g+ s! e8 @' j0 r
Win32_NetworkAdapter
5 C; r; V( P4 F# O( F5 B Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
% P u4 M( D3 o* d3 a Win32_OnBoardDevice
4 G7 Z) v8 }3 R' {! p: Y Win32_ParallelPort
& P5 M" r8 c: c6 d' e Win32_PCMCIAController/ |8 r- Y% z& K0 s. k# B
Win32_PhysicalMemory7 D% m* W0 f% a# x+ H
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
: F4 p: c( m R& C' O6 W' O" E$ h Win32_PnPEntity
( A( R2 g1 F4 w5 R; T/ {1 G Win32_PointingDevice
# Q V! x: o5 O) z5 Z Win32_PortableBattery* S0 i: U3 G- L4 l
Win32_PortConnector
" m% T. [0 w" G* Y% x! k Win32_PortResource
+ |+ h. i; X% R4 u Win32_POTSModem$ p! j; g! J! H' g3 [4 }2 ]* G
Win32_PowerManagementEvent" k8 {+ A# J, @( U2 {$ y( [. Z
Win32_Printer
) {! W Q+ U; R8 G4 Y3 Y Win32_PrinterConfiguration
( i- \; G5 o) Z. ^! l Win32_PrintJob
' U" m, i+ _8 d* y Win32_Processor% z- B( \; X/ p, C) o" ?; }
Win32_Refrigeration9 ^* Z- ]6 M4 ]& C0 B. O4 z! @
Win32_SerialPort
/ X( J, _8 O& t; l+ b( W Win32_SerialPortConfiguration) m* a1 y! r7 z3 i) V& b8 i
Win32_SMBIOSMemory& A2 u q6 g1 J1 p; y! \ i* V
Win32_SoundDevice
/ ]* j2 x' G1 ~: x9 c) |- V/ g9 d Win32_SystemEnclosure" m: ?+ j# X: H! F
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
, |! L( _5 n) l: ] x+ Q# u Win32_SystemSlot
. G& m. E( b$ d% T! a M/ S- | Win32_TapeDrive
- K v: g7 w% X4 q: j: j Win32_TemperatureProbe
+ Z2 B0 R& N0 x7 _) F9 m Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply5 H5 k$ u2 x& F( }) `
Win32_USBController# {" E7 d; }( _% V& q! x: c& t% P
Win32_VideoConfiguration
" O a! {: S- i( i. K N) c2 @ Win32_VideoController7 F V1 ], J0 D+ _ i
Win32_VoltageProbe+ U0 g7 k0 l' N7 y! n
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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