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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
! W# \) q$ g4 f% A2 O& ~3 L 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
7 _2 W! l7 }3 W I) ^. O( l 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。8 A9 a& D% @- {$ }
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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4 m2 Y- w7 f, @- [! Q. L: q. DBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面* `. ^5 L3 T! M8 L9 B8 c
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( p/ H2 B9 z) \2 Y* E( _① 初始化 COM 接口:. s8 Q6 L- U# E& B+ D
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。$ A& L5 ^( s$ X0 G# c% w4 D+ l6 P% M
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。. X; e6 a; C/ B" K. e! P1 n
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:$ P3 F" J% U) R
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
: U, o8 U4 g4 w+ R 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
- t5 ?# o: z4 m1 s/ g 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;% ]7 I8 b- P, i7 y( {/ \- ]; w
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
0 S3 P4 J* v. C4 Q0 K {
$ A, g2 Y) U$ U. f, B3 P1 D: E IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
8 N( e7 M5 _2 g8 n$ D WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");+ N# M7 _) H& T! g) a( @7 L6 ?
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;6 L1 z a: p Y `
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
9 F0 P: q0 o. [7 N- M if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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2 v1 m# d- `! u! p" u IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;9 \& [, T. W9 t3 c! K! a( V
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
9 D' m0 V7 ^# ~ ]/ q; f8 ?0 ^3 u if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)6 [: M; w0 J; d6 @* b
{
4 X0 c l, L+ i& w4 S int iEnumIdx = 0;
& m! K- ]: u& V# C4 z while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------"); T4 v# c/ b0 U2 Q
3 `, C* v7 m$ G SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;% j8 G, V9 {9 h' o4 G/ @# r4 K
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;9 D2 k5 Z5 a% X0 a8 d* Y
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
) o$ W1 o: C% F: H4 q0 t SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);: @7 Q. \, V! _1 u
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)2 o! t- T! z2 |1 X, J7 ~3 @
{
+ _* _ q1 T6 {7 A long aidx = idx;
, Q }% u0 j' X, y wchar_t *wsName = 0;
3 \2 }3 j3 h% v VARIANT vValue;- ?2 H0 E# _0 e! J
VariantInit(&vValue);/ `8 Q8 @/ |3 f4 d$ ^; u
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
* ]1 X6 F. S E( o( l3 h% Q HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
- |% }2 A; \5 N! ~; R: y SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)( I6 m3 n% ~* b5 c7 V
{
4 n6 U$ ~4 ~. \) L) Z; ] AnsiString s;" @7 l1 Z! }/ U
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
; L1 }4 e" s& _9 [; Z if(v.IsArray())% N* h' N8 r. ?: w( D! `
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);) j; B" f5 B/ e: L
if(!s.IsEmpty())
2 P$ o, }& R: M' v s+=", ";
3 `1 E0 p: f2 T5 p7 Q) Y; ^ s+=VarToStr(a);# J% I: t! W# o7 }) c! l
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}
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$ q! t ? l: |, { s = VarToStr(v);+ W8 @' j% P. r c
}
' N! z2 {! L3 X# ^0 L0 J# h: Q# C lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s); k& a3 X- N4 E6 G& z K9 M
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VariantClear(&vValue);; }0 r$ b; B$ Y. T
SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);1 M6 ?8 K' k. J; C/ B0 l* O
iEnumIdx++;
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. x6 O0 @/ r5 ^+ q7 J% k4 J2 i if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();( Q. _- a2 U: G6 }" e
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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; E! s) V/ ? c v( \ if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();) j" u$ l: l! G4 z3 p
}
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- e, g: [1 O, Z/ n% n// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:* I; L$ V' Z8 q, y
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
" z0 ]" p3 U. s1 g( i GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
2 X$ ~/ _7 k0 g7 `! x; c Memo1->Lines->Add("");7 F# E4 H/ e7 n. S- N" z
}
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
) O) G0 A: P" t+ f$ w Win32_1394Controller+ ^. k2 B* K. K1 W6 p
Win32_BaseBoard( F4 ]: X8 Y3 U( W9 ?
Win32_Battery: u4 }' K5 t3 g
Win32_BIOS
: y. }( }0 w+ _! T+ w. \( b Win32_Bus6 `! V$ a$ Z( e( D9 U2 H' G0 G
Win32_CacheMemory
. h' ]# S/ I! [ Win32_CDROMDrive
* q+ d& Y1 [! a2 K3 y Win32_CurrentProbe
% j& L3 x: t/ Y6 ]4 c8 T: ?% \ Win32_DesktopMonitor5 A- {7 j1 E; T9 o) e! l: N
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress& q5 r8 `0 T# q( Z: y- E3 {
Win32_DiskDrive; L1 [1 ]4 W* o8 p8 |
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
; b' x' p' w5 B& @# I+ F Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
: o$ C! x9 E4 Y. o Win32_DMAChannel
7 k" c; R$ F9 X" X: i Win32_Fan
8 j. T6 n |+ ~0 W Win32_FloppyController
% M# i+ L: ~' x7 @2 l2 R+ _ Win32_FloppyDrive8 c9 G3 N' p5 Y6 @ T
Win32_HeatPipe" D: b5 s q" V, k6 C: Z
Win32_IDEController
2 W9 q% K' o% ~, @( F Win32_InfraredDevice. ?" i& {! n4 X* V' ^: r8 b @
Win32_IRQResource% \8 S n% z; g) E8 F5 w
Win32_Keyboard5 S8 x2 A$ _. E! S- H0 t) a, }) ^) b
Win32_MemoryArray( a/ c/ D% g/ s$ ]. j
Win32_MemoryDevice
( B* m" j. i! x! M Z, m Win32_MotherboardDevice* S- f9 X. u1 n4 F
Win32_NetworkAdapter
& C! [9 X. q; [% \2 \' l8 w1 z1 i Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration1 Q) r( o% z8 y4 r/ Y
Win32_OnBoardDevice
/ @9 y" L+ g, T6 ^# ~; B' u+ { Win32_ParallelPort
5 b( U2 v1 B, N, l2 f" F Win32_PCMCIAController7 `) ]! b0 c$ o* y& _
Win32_PhysicalMemory8 P" Q- F+ R y
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray6 C8 C9 w; P: m( Z2 B/ H
Win32_PnPEntity
6 M$ L, P/ n8 V) ~" L7 r" O Win32_PointingDevice
6 b3 j/ C; c" c Win32_PortableBattery! X2 ~' S2 U( p+ I% S1 Z5 F2 |
Win32_PortConnector6 Z4 s `/ e# |1 t# C
Win32_PortResource4 g# _3 u4 e0 O9 z @
Win32_POTSModem
- p# u0 e) s* E. J Win32_PowerManagementEvent
1 c% b3 l$ r/ z Win32_Printer
) M' M- a! s0 ?: P: T& Y( \8 f2 m Win32_PrinterConfiguration
4 b& K& P4 a3 D Win32_PrintJob
6 Z# M$ m1 c$ d# p, E! ? Win32_Processor
/ w X1 k! f! g( X9 \ Win32_Refrigeration0 b K9 F: b8 B
Win32_SerialPort( n) l H4 A) j6 \
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
( K7 U2 |6 ^; L& R% u8 F$ V; X Win32_SMBIOSMemory
- v3 w7 {+ J) V- x Win32_SoundDevice( a. i' P& b, y2 n+ H
Win32_SystemEnclosure$ t( A/ ^: R8 `5 k; [
Win32_SystemMemoryResource2 z9 e$ D% e$ X. }6 c
Win32_SystemSlot' I H* W! p. H# ?; H# `* h7 b% W
Win32_TapeDrive
' v! N# C$ C2 u$ N9 Y) x" F' ? Win32_TemperatureProbe
, ~/ ?5 J6 j+ m' r( ` Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
6 Z2 u0 G' P6 N7 A* D Win32_USBController* y3 I) U$ ]+ e7 g- T3 p+ y
Win32_VideoConfiguration. Z9 p5 [ l& X X
Win32_VideoController
7 P; w) t- j; |9 F2 n Win32_VoltageProbe }$ w9 s# Z) O9 p
7 Q6 y6 t# [$ c; z, y% Z6 H4 g以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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