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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)( i) L; Y* n* ~* M4 u
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
$ K; Q0 i6 b- `" d, _$ h 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。! f1 j! {0 m* }% E" j0 O
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面, `) w' B6 Z9 u1 g/ {! b. r
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
* \% F) a( K2 O) [2 E" [+ N 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。0 u% s0 Y2 P) s6 I
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
1 {# t; m: `' y, j3 | CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
" y' n4 P& _6 B% H, q6 P 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
/ J+ a& O; h6 g* g) F 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。1 t8 m O3 k5 l* Z9 \
; B/ l% {+ K9 _void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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# `; G5 f" J, n# S+ K IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;$ J- f8 o( ^2 i$ L4 k% r2 D
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)5 w" y$ ?+ t! A# E, j! I$ m4 ]
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
7 K& R$ F- P! q- d0 E/ E) S WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
, Y9 Y6 f1 ?0 G2 q if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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2 B8 N2 G/ ^. ]4 A+ N9 w IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;; Y F( \4 y& {, m( V# J6 d7 j
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
7 U2 ]( J' ^8 B: E' M& M ? if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;- ~% q I: `4 }: u( Q' x7 P5 y
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;1 u3 a! H/ c+ o0 N
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;" g5 q" J! E* N1 b2 h
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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( N B# Y. l. p lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
3 Q8 s* e- j; B/ v5 ~ if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
]+ T6 v& G8 D c6 N {
% ^# p/ L y% z4 k5 x/ {: A z long vbl, vbu;
' L) z$ l% {+ @6 C$ k2 s( Q/ r$ k SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
: I: A) I; Z- y+ F SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);! e u9 F4 l$ W& m; i, Q, z
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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5 j6 _0 E/ p" y* \. d3 W" X long aidx = idx;
. N) O7 E# N' G0 e4 s wchar_t *wsName = 0;
! m1 w7 A' c/ \1 T' W# N VARIANT vValue;6 }8 r$ @- W4 R! B) ?' ?
VariantInit(&vValue);
" T) b% S1 E. h4 \( d6 C2 J SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);1 K" E0 E ?4 C3 E) q+ l# o0 [4 q
3 W5 e! X3 E4 _/ O- M BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);+ W4 o7 R# H' G& Y6 b
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);2 G4 ^! U- t7 l+ ]0 \0 i
SysFreeString(bs);( F0 O; L9 {8 `
/ `# ^2 z, D* g6 H5 z if(hRes == S_OK)
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3 t- ?1 n$ N, H. K. X AnsiString s;- r* \& T. O) l1 |0 v8 Y
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
/ F ]- c) `( J if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)& x y* O% k* n) s
{
" m% F$ j D9 U' K Variant a = v.GetElement(i);, I* m5 p+ F& [8 h: t2 C" O
if(!s.IsEmpty())
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s+=VarToStr(a);1 `1 x( W1 n5 b0 U
}
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s = VarToStr(v);
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( q- _6 @; c8 L% E lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);6 I- Q6 z) @% i! i8 b% T
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VariantClear(&vValue);/ x) ] Y* g, y% S. ?0 O
SysFreeString(wsName);, p0 Y/ @1 b% y' l, ]% N
}
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* H$ F! i4 [6 i( b4 |7 k if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
. R. H+ m; o3 D, q5 k iEnumIdx++;. y8 K( O! r; ]6 I0 D% Z& N
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}
; ?: w! ?7 I( u& X( i if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();8 V' U, |! L1 m6 g2 u3 X) Q8 X E. v
}
$ f6 \$ {3 ?1 n( }- E if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();7 x/ H- v! X6 A, [
}
3 j6 O0 p1 @$ U- V' t1 Y if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();: \) a0 o. e5 W8 D3 |+ i
}
& ^. w% q) e1 V2 g* j if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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2 O1 I; i( R- K, D8 d" g, e+ E& A//---------------------------------------------------------------------------7 z* {! i7 }2 ?4 ^3 h9 K5 P, x
' r8 ~1 V6 v- }0 N4 m2 }// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:* h4 M# X ]1 E2 J
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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: o" f) q1 w* [7 `4 \5 G1 Z9 Y Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
( m, w- ~* ?) n4 r8 N GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");) |7 c! H( X& j
Memo1->Lines->Add("");8 {% K9 G1 B- i. V
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& L! Q- J2 H# W( v0 k7 DWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:) Q; i) n2 [ y. d, Q0 I
Win32_1394Controller
/ n+ y. V0 @( A, ^# d0 I) q Win32_BaseBoard7 K, W" B# d$ n7 i
Win32_Battery- f: L2 l+ ^& n2 `& w: F
Win32_BIOS
/ H- C0 q0 r, H; s( T! E Win32_Bus
, k' f2 q3 d5 R- x6 g* Q9 { Win32_CacheMemory
3 c. a) }1 |6 q' B Win32_CDROMDrive7 ?: Q4 u2 A" M/ N% F3 z; R! G
Win32_CurrentProbe* e" Q4 u0 U5 j
Win32_DesktopMonitor% ]4 i2 ?2 ^5 c8 g( f9 j
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
3 t* n W: a8 F3 Z$ e. I N Win32_DiskDrive9 w/ [) D4 H/ @
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
' j# W% \: @/ ~: h7 [8 i& l Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration8 d O8 t& \% B- `
Win32_DMAChannel5 X' t. \& j8 u3 W
Win32_Fan; q# r( ]9 [1 w ]4 ~; {# S1 N* e
Win32_FloppyController
! S9 U& {; p4 k) o7 w, g Win32_FloppyDrive
- _& h5 P" {' Q/ S1 g* [7 I$ a Win32_HeatPipe
& b' ?5 g f( ?) l& j& f( y. G Win32_IDEController
9 E0 g4 @( M& v4 _- P Win32_InfraredDevice
5 u5 f8 y7 p9 {7 e$ N+ A! J! Z% z Win32_IRQResource
( X8 Z, L( } r# q7 H+ K7 h2 n Win32_Keyboard& \9 `( d7 I- q) f& G! h! T
Win32_MemoryArray
" j. s, j" ]2 X" e1 u0 ]2 T1 `( e- P Win32_MemoryDevice
' @$ o* r0 ?9 ?2 q Win32_MotherboardDevice
, C' r9 A; }: k1 c" V+ Y Win32_NetworkAdapter# g$ F$ e l, G; t) M3 P) U
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
6 C' O6 z+ p, u7 Z4 @* y. T Win32_OnBoardDevice4 z1 j/ W/ A# a0 H# d+ t+ G! Q
Win32_ParallelPort
. c. _: u* `/ r0 ^7 I; _ Win32_PCMCIAController! r1 H/ D/ s; N t
Win32_PhysicalMemory# m6 Q% J: a, l$ w2 d' @
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray& B0 k, b+ r3 s2 T1 g! N
Win32_PnPEntity
% O; a: h, U( J Win32_PointingDevice m1 g( F% V- r5 @9 |$ ~: H
Win32_PortableBattery
2 r/ w2 L) D* G" |) d$ ] Win32_PortConnector
# M8 |! \* ?- r% ^7 d Win32_PortResource
) |% T! ^: h* x% E, z Win32_POTSModem
+ i/ Y3 D7 h+ ~9 |& u Win32_PowerManagementEvent
; }- Z2 G- }4 T7 ^4 s Win32_Printer$ q( }3 B4 j* [- I# y3 J
Win32_PrinterConfiguration+ x3 ?, N- n# C$ H1 Q0 g7 ?6 J; ?
Win32_PrintJob
( o+ o* c% b% k- ^6 i4 `2 T Win32_Processor
F/ ^; u0 E9 }9 O Win32_Refrigeration
: H5 Z/ j( \4 d* f* @0 t Win32_SerialPort1 d0 t- W m$ z W# y# |# n/ A4 I3 @
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration0 | `- l$ y8 G; R
Win32_SMBIOSMemory8 p4 }( g' b( h( z& a9 o0 }2 b
Win32_SoundDevice
6 e, \0 Q& p; B Win32_SystemEnclosure! V; l, q+ E |9 ]( F
Win32_SystemMemoryResource9 w& Z1 S' |# E: ?
Win32_SystemSlot) R1 e2 N2 h+ g) h+ J" D
Win32_TapeDrive
; D5 R# l. P9 g# ?, O M/ @( Z Win32_TemperatureProbe
H( _0 D" _ i. g Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
, ~$ }. I! `; S5 k* s! | Win32_USBController7 ^# i8 Q6 y% C& m \6 I$ ]: W6 }) j
Win32_VideoConfiguration1 m! M1 V: h% l1 w5 I1 d$ w
Win32_VideoController1 _4 w0 ^$ d1 O! \
Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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