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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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" D# {* F- j A \- _' W& sWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)" K ~6 W" z& E5 y" N
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
7 R! C3 R: e2 Q3 |/ k# P 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
7 n& y. A3 C6 K 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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4 T' x( V; h# g( g5 A& RBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
- H9 K$ h9 W `5 ^ 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。! R( ~- V, \( X$ X
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
+ `" e% |6 }" I, p5 ^, i CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
9 F; s4 S; F* I( W- z R4 u: y 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:$ d0 h! t, h a3 H
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;- N6 G, M4 i& L; y4 \# X. }$ I
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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/ F9 h& n* j* K: e& J, H" d IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
2 S- d8 \0 w$ h4 w" y2 J# ~9 m WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
2 d- l+ ^1 Y: v9 k if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)8 x% K" D9 m: I2 r
{
0 s! [, Z+ h8 a; V( q IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;7 D# o7 v3 o2 g) P7 C- I6 j0 P
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
. k9 R. G8 a* N) | d2 @+ B if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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8 `( g+ X. A- Y9 ?7 D0 J IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
& O5 p5 h9 F6 Z4 v3 Q' o c ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;* h8 J) V5 T! E
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)! B& J4 h, w# ^* H3 ?* ~. q
{
5 S0 u$ B7 W3 F int iEnumIdx = 0;1 n5 Q7 |5 y% c$ m/ i
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)- B8 M6 b* C1 B+ h9 r2 s+ L" G9 E, f
{
$ w' [$ r) r9 w" _) y0 G- l lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");: d1 R: U6 y6 Z# o9 I# w, k$ v5 h3 z
+ [& T3 k: o3 a: y O SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;( Z5 `+ |2 J. W8 O2 @2 \6 `. w; P
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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Z0 Y2 d8 _6 ~ long vbl, vbu;
8 L& O7 b- r3 ~ SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);9 N4 ^6 h1 R7 N3 l: X% W
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);* C1 l( ^) H6 m( }- P4 h9 ~
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)$ t5 c& F/ M- V) H
{
R' y7 I: G* t h \9 H2 h long aidx = idx;& H7 I3 ?. {/ l F& A; N
wchar_t *wsName = 0;8 O4 X' C$ l# r1 `% r7 v4 Q
VARIANT vValue;
8 d( j6 q5 I% c! W' O VariantInit(&vValue);
+ g. c' p& B& V' ^ SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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; l* M% ~( ?, @ BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);) r3 [# k% \4 ]
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);4 _9 j7 s U, J+ q1 q; c0 V
SysFreeString(bs);
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% s8 j7 ?3 k* y/ f9 o: X% k4 y+ h6 o if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;7 c+ D; T `9 ~2 G; l
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
/ U5 e3 O$ u/ J# S9 Z if(v.IsArray())
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) ]8 G" o/ U7 \3 R; l3 d for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
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s+=", "; l+ Q9 Y! O' e# I" A' b/ P% n! z
s+=VarToStr(a);
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s = VarToStr(v);' k7 r: ]) c$ R( ]. r
}
% E; c1 y) T+ y; l, ?. c! b0 c lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);* e' a: ?$ |6 Y+ |
}
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1 Z# _/ j, P6 l! z* }4 [; h VariantClear(&vValue);! k/ q+ |0 O2 q& r% {/ |! K
SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
4 F0 v2 [3 S% f% o iEnumIdx++;
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}
3 s" r4 }! K( |. o/ W if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();% \$ _# ~% [$ M1 s! Q9 S5 L
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();. g0 R L4 J5 l: ]' Q
}
/ `1 t/ c& b" O2 W0 V7 i$ \ if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();+ X6 G7 R" z9 Y' m, N" @& G3 S
}
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
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% E; R$ S4 b0 w% w* ^! ]8 e) A Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");, l0 J* \8 d- p
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
. Q0 g* {' {/ Z. R Memo1->Lines->Add("");- J1 c2 n# L5 ~5 l2 D
}
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1 H! f h) ^/ j! aWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:: Y+ r1 T5 G: Z+ O/ g
Win32_1394Controller1 x) Y8 d V6 f- k7 B
Win32_BaseBoard/ c0 }7 x) N: L1 s; _. e
Win32_Battery' Y4 P3 j2 M3 i7 X
Win32_BIOS
* g) x0 p7 I# ~( u( j5 b& \ Win32_Bus Q T: V# `! [. g. D$ J5 m; y
Win32_CacheMemory
( f1 C9 H& G: P* N/ Y Win32_CDROMDrive, r: h; j2 \' s0 [$ d# t9 a4 p
Win32_CurrentProbe
" \( y( S( G( [% i a Win32_DesktopMonitor
7 w5 y. i3 z; N" m Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
5 O* O8 d% l! q& ?7 d7 a" y# g+ c Win32_DiskDrive
$ V% @( [7 _' n+ S6 c Win32_DisplayConfiguration( @8 o( H) U* Q+ W9 R
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
: t. j1 B6 N6 }, _- }8 E9 @7 q Win32_DMAChannel8 w4 L9 p& l+ p% r( j* g4 X
Win32_Fan
8 c1 H& w4 F& P* m3 A- ^/ B) r+ @8 m Win32_FloppyController
+ l- R" G- D1 {3 Q: u- @7 q; n6 N Win32_FloppyDrive
3 c% W1 N5 G2 U/ L" X; F Win32_HeatPipe
- h8 i$ Q& @/ A3 v. @. C$ C5 O Win32_IDEController6 U ^& A- r/ H) \/ i! d9 d
Win32_InfraredDevice) J. p. j8 G; ?0 r$ d8 _, |( o
Win32_IRQResource7 R9 a9 c# ^- T
Win32_Keyboard
; Z2 Z6 M6 i H' g; x Win32_MemoryArray
* g* A" O X: A. r6 U" w" _ Win32_MemoryDevice
; m5 c5 \ {/ ^) }. J9 C$ k Win32_MotherboardDevice1 Y, F3 _# _8 i* s [4 a+ t+ y; S
Win32_NetworkAdapter
# f) x! L- g9 @& v' s5 k! _ Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
% \# T! a' P O7 {6 j) O) v Win32_OnBoardDevice5 F8 Y. {9 K- \5 m' ] q7 N+ \
Win32_ParallelPort: @; \1 w# I! _4 B& m6 H. T+ A
Win32_PCMCIAController
8 k- U# S% z+ J) t% D$ Q4 d3 S Win32_PhysicalMemory
, N3 \ \ A+ _! z. E7 Z' M Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray$ F" x# R( B$ @
Win32_PnPEntity
) @2 n' p! {2 I6 H- F0 S: t0 F Win32_PointingDevice
0 F) b4 M* c- \- }( I6 U Win32_PortableBattery
9 V$ ^2 S4 v5 ^9 ?3 m/ @ Win32_PortConnector7 e+ M5 }- z- b; U- Y
Win32_PortResource% Y0 L6 d. R+ U! u' H
Win32_POTSModem
! `/ @, S$ ~* u4 [ Win32_PowerManagementEvent
- B% t) u9 k+ G Win32_Printer0 n1 @& `4 p, v% n7 I
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
. U- G/ `2 x& l3 J9 x5 r; w: R. ` Win32_PrintJob8 J2 T9 s8 y, Z p( W
Win32_Processor
2 p C) L# K9 E( h* }% i# B Win32_Refrigeration$ K0 G* Z+ E$ v2 i
Win32_SerialPort
; q4 e" U5 f4 a) a8 \- F Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
+ y2 j( E4 X w2 R% O' G. i8 u Win32_SMBIOSMemory
1 p$ U! \) a$ f. m% Z0 w+ c Win32_SoundDevice! k4 j. b8 [, B) C) v! F
Win32_SystemEnclosure
- e3 }1 ?/ G w6 q' l% G- i Win32_SystemMemoryResource
2 D! T. r' B7 b1 U) r; u+ F5 j3 } Win32_SystemSlot) A7 Z5 I) [) r6 d1 [
Win32_TapeDrive6 M1 g9 ]2 c: S2 T: i: Z) x# f
Win32_TemperatureProbe
( b1 c# Y+ W3 D" r+ x5 ~% z' K Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply, \( X# s5 l, |7 \0 ]6 {
Win32_USBController. W2 V# _0 U8 u8 E- x# v
Win32_VideoConfiguration& Z$ L$ l# ]1 N- q' i
Win32_VideoController0 I! A" h( I2 c8 k# [- z+ b% G* R
Win32_VoltageProbe' @- T) S8 ]( _
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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