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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)1 W) O$ Z! `6 ?+ s
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
/ _6 Y9 B+ Z& ^ 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。" C7 I7 ~9 K: Y3 l. N
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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5 s6 S: p" p: @, hBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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① 初始化 COM 接口:' a1 g9 `* \+ y; ~1 J! j
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
, O7 ]* m! F. i3 s/ h 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。% t2 |; z* {/ q
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
& g3 Y, Y# I. E% E' z7 {7 A CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
9 Z) J1 q1 g( [5 U# z1 u2 Q 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:6 q, `4 p! G: _! c: ~& \9 [
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)( }' K0 t/ K0 G: u* R/ Y; Z
{
4 D1 T; j$ H$ F3 x IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
% U$ H2 {0 x) \! ~ if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)1 G$ C# L! e2 a0 f
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;4 w) L% O% i ~6 ^% L; A2 ^
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
/ Q; }% D! U& G4 L8 m/ v! P! a! l if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)! k- n0 K6 o6 V# b% r( z$ C
{
/ n6 R m( n: k/ j+ w+ H$ S& g( w IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
, L: \: c7 ^$ F" f WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
0 k7 A! h* p5 c% G" Y) f4 L5 d) I if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)# V: f0 p% d, i6 Q, m( P
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
0 d# }- l' L# c, ]- x0 d, h1 F ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
! ^) t+ T4 ?1 Q) a if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)/ W. i! _( ^$ {- \1 ]2 M
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int iEnumIdx = 0;. A0 X* i4 e5 a' J& z2 J
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)2 h& D3 N1 f6 Q0 n1 T
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");2 A2 L$ o6 ?1 R7 d) Q$ Q
u( J2 H1 c+ d% [4 w SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
3 t) i& f2 G8 K# I$ P( A if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;$ Z: p7 {2 ~/ V( n% X, A' R: A! \1 o
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);' D. @. V0 _9 ^' r
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
+ Q$ ~- ]1 k4 C0 ]7 w& B' r for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)0 @. R1 |4 k- n- Y ]& S0 ?
{
3 l# q" H: E1 |! z. Q long aidx = idx;1 r, E- W( U; W
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
. V1 M) Z+ R R# D, \. C VARIANT vValue;" Q+ \/ f# t1 [# r
VariantInit(&vValue);" S+ o2 q5 @$ ]
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);& k9 c9 U8 U& ]& ]# A/ U
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
( V# N1 g; X3 e HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
8 f8 g' x& S% Y SysFreeString(bs);
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0 w$ T$ n: u& s7 X Z if(hRes == S_OK)9 k, e! ~/ |1 r& o( I. J* s
{
1 \6 B0 M6 X6 U. v& k AnsiString s;5 I; y" Z# | N8 }5 ]
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;) F9 Z/ g; y# x* d6 O; G7 N9 p
if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
9 F+ }3 H: r/ [2 H" R8 H( m if(!s.IsEmpty())8 ]. {4 u3 W4 L' p8 V4 `% R, I
s+=", ";4 s5 K5 V0 m1 C: g1 h: Z( k
s+=VarToStr(a);
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}
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{
% u( @3 F& b) `" ~5 Y# ]* F s = VarToStr(v);. L, e T y( n! d$ e: h
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);* Z7 j/ K( r0 ] w1 o* _
SysFreeString(wsName);% l$ d2 @( t& e. ]0 K+ p3 l% K
}
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
$ X4 k1 T% n3 e6 t" W iEnumIdx++;
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();8 o' C. h( T) D/ I
}
$ j, K! [: _0 c if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();/ i7 a7 C! d9 q9 ~( W! G; E( ^# a9 d
}
. O1 ]# m- H: b( V: c* O if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();( N1 S8 m [8 z
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# k0 {; |8 `3 K' d// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:( M( A( U/ w w: b! c! g% M. K
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)4 f: s5 a4 V; ?8 D- k
{
% {6 K' V; y2 I Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
' {1 ~( {( k/ C3 z1 T GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");1 R; Y4 W6 v- q# f
Memo1->Lines->Add("");1 N& V+ g$ u4 I6 p
}
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:* P$ y( A: l$ j+ h7 w! @& k8 U
Win32_1394Controller/ {4 |3 ^& S# X. h
Win32_BaseBoard
' W) K3 n+ K) l Win32_Battery
% p6 N( K1 h6 m& a0 H' Z Win32_BIOS3 i; t5 G/ m& Q# q
Win32_Bus# K8 K( R+ Q2 g1 n$ v o2 }$ e' ] Y
Win32_CacheMemory4 r" T3 a, b5 ~! S! R% | S7 w
Win32_CDROMDrive2 H' @* u7 h& b+ s1 b; q2 I+ e7 D
Win32_CurrentProbe
6 C s! I- B2 z+ p0 g Win32_DesktopMonitor- U* Z) k7 S& a c' z8 Y8 Y6 ~
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress- g' i a' |. n1 e# A$ T
Win32_DiskDrive d5 C8 _* P" C8 V/ W8 C
Win32_DisplayConfiguration$ U( P; ] o: f! X/ Z: d3 q! Q- b' \
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
+ t4 N7 K# B( G; o& X! p" \5 t Win32_DMAChannel
* R7 M7 v4 @: H& a. S# _ Win32_Fan7 I- ]9 \# C# N ?: P
Win32_FloppyController
! |: i+ F$ s" @! p6 Y; d Win32_FloppyDrive
0 E! x; f5 u! x+ B3 v$ R$ j Win32_HeatPipe
' h( J9 |( Z, p# T Win32_IDEController8 S+ g+ B$ y* W1 C6 F
Win32_InfraredDevice
" j+ b5 n% Y# K- m& h9 @9 Z Win32_IRQResource" w, `' j0 C. M y0 w3 A
Win32_Keyboard
* s2 T7 ]$ L1 p | Win32_MemoryArray! q8 ~* u- @+ _6 I) x* C1 T/ r
Win32_MemoryDevice
3 M: G" D$ |! f Win32_MotherboardDevice
5 {6 Q3 c7 t# c+ W Win32_NetworkAdapter3 g, q$ P, g) Y
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
+ `% _2 f& Q5 e+ G7 w8 R Win32_OnBoardDevice3 Y' ?( ^$ c& Q/ @
Win32_ParallelPort( K0 q" t. ^) H4 J1 J1 @' K
Win32_PCMCIAController- Z$ r5 ^0 Z0 b" y; a0 v. J8 e
Win32_PhysicalMemory
+ ^/ C7 H# N/ j) p. L: ^- L" q$ e Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray7 S$ r$ \( E4 Y+ C/ Z; F, M) f0 `
Win32_PnPEntity h6 F( t7 ` T/ }8 _, }
Win32_PointingDevice" E; _: L; [% z K, E$ }6 g1 a- H) W
Win32_PortableBattery
# d( Y, G/ I/ f- c5 z K' n6 K Win32_PortConnector2 ]+ K$ C# u0 ^. n0 W8 K
Win32_PortResource
. s1 Q" B. ]" [ Win32_POTSModem
7 e, O+ V* ~. n/ M3 R Win32_PowerManagementEvent) B' o1 g* u! Y
Win32_Printer" J) m+ E& a) Z
Win32_PrinterConfiguration- t, A& R4 z/ ?/ S) ], D7 z
Win32_PrintJob. A) P2 s2 q8 ^; S; u
Win32_Processor
9 ]+ i( _9 L8 R: J& C9 J% O Win32_Refrigeration
8 {% |( p, a4 E5 X Win32_SerialPort& F! E+ s. B( K( o3 {& u
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration/ e% O0 Q. \3 ^9 Y+ V
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
* _* s0 s2 m u3 a- E Win32_SoundDevice; u6 i9 H6 F4 b y
Win32_SystemEnclosure' }0 i b5 \/ I3 z
Win32_SystemMemoryResource- F9 H" H/ K/ p: ]
Win32_SystemSlot) N- ~+ x6 F4 X3 d; _2 X$ t' E
Win32_TapeDrive
% q, ~: \' }" ], `: [7 P Win32_TemperatureProbe9 g) o7 G& b8 t
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
# l6 ]- \, ^6 H2 _2 ] Win32_USBController5 [3 Q6 A$ i7 j0 A
Win32_VideoConfiguration, Q& h/ q k1 y% A/ @. U
Win32_VideoController
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5 B: c" C, a. R! N* D# e5 [+ i以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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