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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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- v- V9 Z- \' aWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
2 [0 U7 C! Y5 _4 r: @ 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
! }7 v* n& V1 B! i 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。' |$ M: M& T) K7 X% ]$ N( g7 a. d
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面& s, b/ e: R$ W. z% k$ v* x0 s5 Y
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
5 x5 y9 x' l9 z# G 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。1 Y0 r, b9 v* _; O7 v! r" r
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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4 k: X8 z' M' o3 z: j② 获取访问 WMI 权限:/ K4 M/ \- r5 p9 ]8 Q$ ]
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
3 Y( q$ y/ R2 `, x* A* e 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:- y+ L" }7 |: ~0 V6 F- v ]
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。9 G* W P8 m q6 J, {
7 I' r, y, m9 |5 r' i$ a% ?void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)! K/ I m2 X/ C0 h
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;) g1 ]1 M3 \/ Q; s& J8 F
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;# b3 ~: n& [+ s# c
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2"); A2 a+ M8 ~+ a9 A% \. ?+ z
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)! P2 G& }8 \ Z7 `
{
& E d9 h/ x! t: Q! ^ IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
) O1 m' s# ^6 L WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
! W$ Y! S. j# }: k' I# l if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;# F; w; i* `+ G& I5 l
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;, ~' s4 m# p& B" g& P3 |
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)* | j8 x1 T( U9 [- S
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int iEnumIdx = 0;9 P% B, h t. k9 ?/ I t
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)' j$ ?) s2 B* s% N) ?$ d! Y
{
* `/ q8 Z' ^0 _* V% A lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");9 w, [+ [+ e0 |( l1 R# P* M0 N8 I
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
$ W5 f: l* {8 C if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;
J8 `9 Q7 n4 {/ I, n SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
, U- V* d) x" Y SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);; j( j! a0 F @" @& B2 i( X3 T" q
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)& ?& F4 e( r+ i; e) ]% L& {* X
{
' L5 m. q3 H6 o/ J/ X; M. B( \ long aidx = idx;
8 y3 p* g( F# }* q wchar_t *wsName = 0;- S- _+ ]9 V3 i# n( A2 U
VARIANT vValue;
$ x, m0 a/ ^, _2 B VariantInit(&vValue);
+ n# n+ V9 N) d) y5 @1 e: Z! A SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);6 j& Q; w- D& l8 z \
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);& t+ ]9 [6 s$ x/ g2 A
SysFreeString(bs);
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) J7 {" x& [! [3 g1 O$ a: L if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;# s% g4 D' A8 o- O
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;/ t. S; W& F# s+ P, B3 q; E
if(v.IsArray())
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q1 Z; Q1 K# ^% Q; a for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)2 K# P$ f0 ?2 g; t" z) u
{
: c4 a( H% k7 M3 ?# [ Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
& O. r, i2 K. W* O5 B9 k, ~' v" D& F if(!s.IsEmpty())7 ~9 Z2 g6 f! D# ~2 Y4 a* @& _
s+=", ";/ ?* _& Y( w" G, s; @" h
s+=VarToStr(a);
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s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);
* u7 y( L% J% G1 r2 | SysFreeString(wsName);
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# S: M$ c. K; G/ w- M4 }0 Q if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);' {6 \+ M l' Q# i1 T6 C" G
iEnumIdx++;+ K& O6 l ]- P! @& T9 L3 V
}
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B. d8 e1 i3 F+ L5 y$ C% ~ if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();0 d8 O) a% V" e$ v9 n, C: C
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();7 P8 A# J* R# L+ p
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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+ b2 S2 Z( `$ J% f if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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2 }! U b( d" o$ ]: ?3 i! Q% t5 g//---------------------------------------------------------------------------* ^5 x( D( T/ {- R& N
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:9 H) `! v) w* d y; s# N1 h; C/ i
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)% f- B# ?. p; \) q& t' _0 }5 Z6 o& ^
{
* ~, ^1 |: v: w Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
+ A4 b; u7 s% U$ {' f9 c GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
6 n7 h8 l# |4 }' K/ {0 Z- U- U) C4 T Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:& l! p' ?+ @- W/ u; V H9 |; c
Win32_1394Controller
7 ~3 D1 i3 R$ B3 @: p0 k Win32_BaseBoard
3 W2 ]' d" i! Q. g5 y+ y9 a8 } Win32_Battery h3 j0 y3 q4 A
Win32_BIOS
; I- C. d3 j' x0 `) G+ v/ e9 z Win32_Bus) a9 ?# S" N$ r! `* E9 d
Win32_CacheMemory' L9 U+ x7 }& n5 X( Z- w
Win32_CDROMDrive
( @4 ]' [$ j. R% Z; k Win32_CurrentProbe, Q/ a% {; s0 ^5 s
Win32_DesktopMonitor
0 D! S. _, g0 Y; [ Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress; i1 j4 U: u/ i; N7 A, O% m
Win32_DiskDrive- k; P! n+ S# i
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
6 n6 i9 U! W9 N Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration) q, R/ k3 i9 |" J# X
Win32_DMAChannel& k W c% D! M4 W5 z2 b
Win32_Fan1 Q' X1 j5 A1 j+ W, h3 j# A
Win32_FloppyController
, _5 c' s# q) X' t Win32_FloppyDrive
7 y1 u, A k; d" s/ H2 G Win32_HeatPipe" h5 |( x7 [, D
Win32_IDEController
( q0 l, H) }; a* t% V Win32_InfraredDevice
! q$ O* }7 R! F! F" d+ z Win32_IRQResource
# T# p2 w4 a/ E* H Win32_Keyboard
! B0 c* B7 b+ i8 V' g+ g+ E3 o3 K Win32_MemoryArray
9 X. a1 W( a7 \( s' W6 ^ Win32_MemoryDevice. u' ^/ s% j7 h8 Q# s6 C
Win32_MotherboardDevice
; E9 T+ U2 G/ d" N Win32_NetworkAdapter
# x4 U }1 v# |5 `! y Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration. F3 }2 |, O ^! s
Win32_OnBoardDevice( h e+ T+ I" G3 i0 }$ H4 p
Win32_ParallelPort
# N& a" r, _, a4 m+ g Win32_PCMCIAController& m# s( p) H( Y& r( ~
Win32_PhysicalMemory" r2 }/ P8 t3 ?2 H9 n9 i
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
: a! s6 j. H2 g) Y4 L$ x' \- R Win32_PnPEntity
7 J# L c6 R* i! s- y& s6 J% s Win32_PointingDevice S( _4 e4 J) S9 F# o' {
Win32_PortableBattery
7 f* t5 ]- }: q! d- x7 @4 I Win32_PortConnector& F0 ~1 X5 s! q& d- L F
Win32_PortResource( d' S, G" S7 m @* b* p2 @9 S
Win32_POTSModem6 y. G3 ?8 H( i& Y
Win32_PowerManagementEvent# K: e5 }, g# _5 u' ^1 [0 s
Win32_Printer0 H* ?8 V! u* O1 |2 R
Win32_PrinterConfiguration" t8 p6 R8 E5 ? t* F' c
Win32_PrintJob8 E H: }: l a7 W
Win32_Processor# T2 @) r; \ j
Win32_Refrigeration' J1 o+ n6 P; p, ~: Q
Win32_SerialPort
6 K9 x( ]& b- l. ]8 i1 G; u Win32_SerialPortConfiguration3 C0 b2 N0 n3 Y& m4 J _
Win32_SMBIOSMemory% Y/ W! u/ ] `3 @, s5 o6 R
Win32_SoundDevice( D; \4 Y! }$ l
Win32_SystemEnclosure
9 {* p3 f0 I8 m3 s) `0 w Win32_SystemMemoryResource0 b- a/ z$ K/ @ }' _
Win32_SystemSlot
; j/ @- X/ } }: z! [ Win32_TapeDrive/ E. H9 f1 k6 n+ B
Win32_TemperatureProbe; o5 e2 q. W: i5 ~
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply- G$ }1 S9 d" i( ]
Win32_USBController
! I, z# r* H. I. g* T k Win32_VideoConfiguration
/ a" a6 J) W( H5 O Win32_VideoController
% @$ }- K6 h( g: d9 _ Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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