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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)) d0 D; S; r# ]5 \0 j4 G
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
' B) k" R9 x6 j# d 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
6 F) n, S6 i3 ]4 r# s; Q 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
6 I ?( { }' a/ J0 P1 o0 g 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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0 }: K* A1 x1 J; \① 初始化 COM 接口:
( v5 `& |5 `$ _4 B" O( C' Q9 ? 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。 j$ d' S& Y2 V5 r
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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$ [& l0 E/ @' f" g- Y② 获取访问 WMI 权限:% C9 |3 m2 X# N0 N n
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
; _% J' S. R; U" f& V7 t 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:2 F' @* s2 p, H, o# m) T
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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( S% i1 O0 H4 @. l6 P2 g. Qvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass); p0 `; h X- ?' m8 S- y# C
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;. O$ c- q0 q# K3 y9 K" n8 b
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
; g" w+ q' |* ?/ j* p {
# U4 t1 Y6 A+ ? t% Z2 I0 x IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;1 n! T- n2 ^- |
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
0 [8 H1 k' E* \3 J0 \* O& m if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)* i" F/ @0 G& u' m' s' V. p
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;2 P' |$ N* k6 \9 N3 t
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;+ U+ G5 ~% q/ r7 _
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)2 i) k( Z4 f3 `( e/ n! @! W- I
{
. u3 X6 |% J# L( x# m5 F" q* r IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
" S' G/ m/ y, C1 e ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;, S" _, Y# o: H. {, R8 B# r
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;' o8 w4 W0 o) t6 p; _
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");: k- e- |, j% G5 C! M" u7 [
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;: n4 D7 a4 ?! P1 A) v
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)1 K. G* M& H! ]+ [" c
{
9 k/ z% s( m& e) L! { long vbl, vbu;
; P1 h8 N8 `% B$ a4 z- h( v SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
N2 V6 g4 `6 |/ T: D" W4 r% Z SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);2 b: k6 a Y. U1 ~
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++) R' D* F* y# o* a0 D
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long aidx = idx;
! H5 ^. Q- j4 G: i$ ^6 f6 e wchar_t *wsName = 0;; O- b8 v& K3 {/ T% w
VARIANT vValue;
+ R; M+ x0 N$ N* g) K VariantInit(&vValue);
) n7 n3 H( d7 g/ o' K) k B% a, }9 ~ SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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8 d$ n, r4 z0 e$ B BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
1 L9 D* O5 U$ i HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);* [" R/ l2 Z% b) I
SysFreeString(bs);/ J2 k8 t3 G+ w9 x' M+ b4 I8 ]: V
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if(hRes == S_OK)6 e1 A# k: t: u
{
+ o9 c+ Z& b% p1 p AnsiString s;1 @) v) P6 q3 I. l; \% ]
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
# Z. v7 v* n6 `3 R. e if(v.IsArray())0 C ~/ q. l6 o
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)* I: T7 A+ u5 U1 L R+ ^0 h0 e
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);# `3 ]3 B3 g5 S9 h
if(!s.IsEmpty())- q2 Q8 m* b7 H3 b4 G: g
s+=", ";0 I8 ?# R: h( O/ t3 |
s+=VarToStr(a);
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else
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( h6 e* P" S8 n/ [ s = VarToStr(v);% l5 S& B/ o# A
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);1 P0 X: f7 _$ x( I0 T& e* F
}
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VariantClear(&vValue);
% A, v! w( G# @( I SysFreeString(wsName);* f+ h% E0 _- Q" |
}
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
; S( Z1 R) Z% o% Z7 R, k9 z2 q iEnumIdx++;1 B% W3 u( v* O V) r( Q
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();0 a9 i2 I+ [1 ]
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();6 M# P6 k- I' m! m! E
}
' J$ @: @ H# a. e o6 r! g2 d if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release(); ^' V/ s! }& e! J, y$ g0 y" ~( C
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();5 J6 i) x- ~4 I( }! |$ o# Y) O
}
9 t2 }& n/ O% g//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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" Q$ _2 T, E' ]+ _) @) g// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:8 `5 u" M' K6 J, k
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)) A7 N2 R+ r2 Z7 U1 t
{
! w$ a0 J3 P" m" S( f$ d& T" O Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");9 b2 Z; t+ ^8 N2 n3 t
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
\% `# e& o5 P' v9 T' M Memo1->Lines->Add("");, k' V0 h6 O; Y/ F
}
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
4 w% u. ], N8 s1 K# e% w O9 m9 L c Win32_1394Controller1 M8 _1 u" g) C1 B
Win32_BaseBoard1 z: j: Y( Y% ^1 \+ s
Win32_Battery0 A @; [# u$ l% P; `
Win32_BIOS
1 E$ D* v( K+ X$ d% p Win32_Bus S% Q, f( v) ?: x' s0 Z) y
Win32_CacheMemory
; h$ h9 D( x6 C2 P* V" ] Win32_CDROMDrive2 d% k+ `+ ?4 I1 n$ C1 @
Win32_CurrentProbe' n$ k$ n, W: g
Win32_DesktopMonitor6 o0 _& f8 l. `% L
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
$ V: T/ k8 Q/ h3 M6 r5 z* y( P Win32_DiskDrive4 t! V6 [' T$ V' q' h
Win32_DisplayConfiguration U$ F, `3 E O4 p3 F6 H( c& n
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
! i* R! F' g- Z) M Win32_DMAChannel
* _) K$ U9 {0 Q0 O& j3 h Win32_Fan
- W2 y d) ^$ ?* Y Win32_FloppyController
9 U+ o5 v, t7 L) p- [. h/ ? Win32_FloppyDrive
' G$ V9 |' O: [* F$ a# `2 f3 |- E) ` Win32_HeatPipe
9 c% N$ x5 [( L$ C$ O Win32_IDEController4 U! ^# N" d7 W# @
Win32_InfraredDevice/ ?" k# ]5 c% O( a# D+ @: I
Win32_IRQResource
" x5 f& J+ s# s$ T" B. |1 K1 k Win32_Keyboard8 p' d# X0 x/ @7 V+ ^
Win32_MemoryArray/ W6 c- `6 I1 O/ X, g
Win32_MemoryDevice7 H4 [5 W, S4 ~' Q$ h3 x5 P
Win32_MotherboardDevice
z9 ^7 q! ]! }5 H- o* k$ Z Win32_NetworkAdapter8 G$ _0 _ H9 U0 |8 P# D' p
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration6 p" @7 x) {0 j6 {. h$ y! {
Win32_OnBoardDevice
/ V$ Y- z4 U- s5 D7 P Win32_ParallelPort
/ z5 s1 r: P0 ~, \; B. R: a0 s/ G Win32_PCMCIAController
2 \" L' ?! P2 n2 C5 B/ \( y Win32_PhysicalMemory
) ?) z* d1 Y |$ y6 D8 l Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray6 ?! F9 N/ |# O* w" g. @
Win32_PnPEntity
: y1 H: w5 m# F, o- Y Win32_PointingDevice
" l( ]1 o) Y5 G Win32_PortableBattery
3 B; `$ @# L) h: r" S3 S' w# c% J Win32_PortConnector4 e4 X% Y" U4 |; K$ c% B
Win32_PortResource5 u9 [8 u( }) @6 N* ^& l! j! k
Win32_POTSModem
- q' _ v* j* y" g) {) r Win32_PowerManagementEvent
7 H& }& B J2 { Win32_Printer
% `, F: p* w5 j7 r! } w Win32_PrinterConfiguration% A( v" N( I- M' z/ D, z
Win32_PrintJob2 u) m$ K5 i9 a5 t; X
Win32_Processor
/ W, C6 p0 M" O Win32_Refrigeration2 w h3 ~1 c$ m6 |5 S
Win32_SerialPort% U2 a4 u, I, Q- d' }3 h/ T6 D
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
2 k- d2 \6 ?) [9 f Win32_SMBIOSMemory' d! \; {: U( o( l5 Y* B. {
Win32_SoundDevice
. ^& J1 T4 v) x( A Win32_SystemEnclosure
5 Z5 R3 G1 P7 s! a. T8 c Win32_SystemMemoryResource
. B' l* _4 Z2 h( d( x Win32_SystemSlot) `8 w+ w. G, q
Win32_TapeDrive! r2 B5 n8 I3 X0 F# V" D9 i( w
Win32_TemperatureProbe2 v1 D- B6 B5 U" H
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply$ k0 e1 ]6 ]. S
Win32_USBController! X3 n0 E* ]; ]; E1 \- L
Win32_VideoConfiguration& j f! x6 S" v0 W
Win32_VideoController) e$ l4 D* z/ Z0 O3 r
Win32_VoltageProbe
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0 m; l, Y w. |+ v |+ U( L以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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