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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)1 h, a2 M7 T F; p }
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)5 i2 X: M% P( Y% i/ O
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
$ r" c* `% L3 V; m 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。; p; u$ z! \6 P5 R. a' c$ [
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 - g) |( R5 o1 U$ l# }% @+ k
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" `2 m: {' S9 S, [BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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" h" s! Y( F1 a" k. p: K" V# e7 \① 初始化 COM 接口:
3 V; m# ^1 U: i 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
5 b- d, Q4 g/ o2 c f$ t8 A 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
( B4 Q( K& S4 A CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);4 y, U* ~0 w1 T- [+ t
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。; ?7 {1 F O& l; R ^% u( L
8 o { y0 S% ]& S6 G2 R8 U2 M③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:$ |% R2 }& @0 F1 [: @8 _
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。5 F& P+ k+ |7 n6 b# l2 X7 U$ E: ?
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass), b* f o$ @9 Y
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;4 D. B- U6 a# g. X, y
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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& i+ q6 q2 |8 j3 } IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
2 J) H& z7 B1 Q4 f3 n) B! P% M0 W WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
4 W% w+ h% i5 c( O if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;* I9 m3 o# [8 B; B* D! G$ \
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
- q: K$ z3 C3 ? if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)4 O, r; P/ E1 q1 r5 R. \$ F
{
% W6 G6 s; i3 `* U2 j IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
) D. Z9 a6 f2 m0 T R! a' `4 { ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;1 T# n: H/ H' u. U/ [9 X" M
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK): ?% d) Z1 ]& }! R0 K
{
' o& T/ _! o5 E+ b int iEnumIdx = 0;
) D# a5 B4 {% Q0 a* R. }+ b7 }0 Q while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)8 w! {+ K: t/ w# N' F
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");, o* ]+ Z. U; F, N( Q/ W9 K) X
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;5 M' a q: b/ R% c$ P" [- ~
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;
, X+ d! n0 j! h. X+ z SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
r; m9 u+ R3 R+ \0 Q1 L SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
4 B& H/ S/ G9 s4 F) r x9 L for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++) \" A8 a( R2 O: S; @- c7 [2 |* M
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long aidx = idx;
5 }' A& u3 P# c wchar_t *wsName = 0;
/ I' V c. o7 r1 J& S% z# Y VARIANT vValue;
2 Z- D2 b2 L' U. M1 [( g) W/ V6 d% Q VariantInit(&vValue);& e$ w8 h3 u( p. ?
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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) e% w9 a8 L4 z6 j1 A BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);* I* O( V! }8 o' q Q" G: V
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
8 ]1 S, m$ V* p" ?$ v( I SysFreeString(bs);
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. W, Z% \" F( {- O, t8 Y if(hRes == S_OK)
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/ V! v) A) c3 B# ~- O; G AnsiString s;% K% A. O3 h- ~( h& [7 H7 J- K4 `
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;: e+ ~' M8 \# A- f* t
if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++); v$ I( S8 m9 ~) D+ X& }
{
5 \5 a. X# s) M" D$ o$ { Variant a = v.GetElement(i);' h$ v' [$ f6 x5 Y) \
if(!s.IsEmpty())2 b, l+ U* V& g" E4 l' Y6 Q5 f- c
s+=", ";
2 R' ~6 r6 z9 E( } s+=VarToStr(a);! G4 y H+ y g+ x! L* P! I2 A
}
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s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);4 T* ^' S9 z0 t+ h$ d: |- v d
}
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! T; C( x7 D' A# n+ T" v VariantClear(&vValue);* Y9 s+ n3 L O$ J1 z0 l1 T
SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
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}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();& H2 q4 m+ a4 G$ u9 G/ R
}
# B$ \% X7 z8 T5 d( M if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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* v$ y7 [ T, ~- \4 O9 L( U if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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! r1 H B. s# V& @; _ if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:+ Q! [& e' ]; h& K
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)6 @3 a0 b5 U/ E) k, t) z
{
! H. w! B9 M4 V# z h9 K Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");3 y: J. {4 E. C: ~$ U% `! ]
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
; `4 }- `& S j: W& n- g, R Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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( f, N7 J% e7 }' s0 o) ?* LWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
: B7 X& K3 ^3 z Win32_1394Controller: u) V1 U. H5 {6 i/ J5 N6 ?
Win32_BaseBoard
& i, z' c6 F8 k8 m Win32_Battery
3 {+ ]' ~ K P8 G Win32_BIOS) K/ O/ ]( s- P3 q% j; }) B$ T
Win32_Bus4 k! b2 w+ V+ P7 |% Z
Win32_CacheMemory9 R& C9 j7 @2 F% Q
Win32_CDROMDrive2 ^/ q# j7 H1 |: L F) B1 D, u! Y8 M
Win32_CurrentProbe
) j( H6 H; v% o Win32_DesktopMonitor3 \. p, K4 Z4 x) C' G+ ^
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress. P- d2 Q5 s" ~/ n9 M9 I
Win32_DiskDrive
: [" }- }' h; ^1 d' O# [% { Win32_DisplayConfiguration
" D$ Q6 z! r+ S Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration% M+ p2 S, C1 e. @+ n
Win32_DMAChannel
, A! a, [; z A6 A Win32_Fan
; ?; D" t. b) ]3 P3 P7 E7 m Win32_FloppyController. I0 u/ C( R) ~6 R- C
Win32_FloppyDrive
, Y7 r# `- m7 x* M: g2 P* N, a Win32_HeatPipe3 @2 h! |& z. k8 f% s
Win32_IDEController$ S; ?0 W2 r* Z. V
Win32_InfraredDevice
9 R: c% E: r+ K A, @! V Win32_IRQResource5 q0 ]3 T8 s. `$ j+ M& W ]6 I, t
Win32_Keyboard7 P" Q2 \# v5 u! w# e7 G
Win32_MemoryArray/ H( i! G% y4 o$ I: @! B
Win32_MemoryDevice
8 r9 n, d' D3 z" c. M' { Win32_MotherboardDevice
& S5 G) F3 F; s1 @# D+ F0 m! ?- F9 F Win32_NetworkAdapter: G) M( d5 q% C/ |" {, Y* e
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration. Z5 d% n+ P c4 `9 n3 _
Win32_OnBoardDevice
p1 Q, e, c9 t% ^# _$ ^5 z3 U6 N Win32_ParallelPort% A! j7 E( J" H# u' c
Win32_PCMCIAController0 }4 |& G; Y; a
Win32_PhysicalMemory* c) R; ^) y3 Z# ]0 B
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
) B* H* R [- Y9 K' N& h Win32_PnPEntity
$ d6 X u7 \8 U2 z _( R5 _/ I Win32_PointingDevice
0 J7 y. z, L2 }/ { Win32_PortableBattery
8 X- R& R: x& d0 e; G3 q Win32_PortConnector: `. X+ \- V- _" V4 C0 [( h
Win32_PortResource
U- p1 ^0 A: B0 e; V# E Win32_POTSModem! L- P0 r) s" h9 N% D5 u
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
+ O$ H2 @0 w) U o Win32_Printer9 y; ?2 m$ v3 U( n9 A
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
! \+ V4 A3 L6 n& D Win32_PrintJob
" F4 f/ y3 Q* b, _ Win32_Processor
: N7 Y: h9 Z0 a( j+ e) d Win32_Refrigeration
# O. [6 |5 L' V2 e" m, { Win32_SerialPort- ?, `/ c% d) Z
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
4 d2 [2 b) V4 Z; c! N* y Win32_SMBIOSMemory
2 N% q; m/ \; M Win32_SoundDevice
& c6 @ M" D/ I3 M3 M' q Win32_SystemEnclosure
/ U7 R x- U/ x; V; z Win32_SystemMemoryResource7 {7 N0 j9 A( z* T" U& {
Win32_SystemSlot
5 R" Y ^/ K: f# ?+ O" ], ] Win32_TapeDrive
2 T) X9 _9 x! j$ E Win32_TemperatureProbe# F- y, h9 h a2 G% Q5 t
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
0 [! }& `5 g3 g( A% J3 D4 u0 K Win32_USBController+ T7 F4 @4 o- m* R
Win32_VideoConfiguration1 j1 a( z6 F0 \# W# B. a
Win32_VideoController! L5 j$ j+ b, o
Win32_VoltageProbe9 o' `+ G* m; a8 E6 r* }! A
4 ?9 d6 y2 ~# u- R7 h0 |以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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