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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)9 Y2 R8 w! L% S; r% S- s* X
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)0 Q* _2 k. u$ F% y) ^
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
3 d) G# {8 B7 `5 v! c/ m2 w$ w) E8 J2 M 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
$ O: ]1 H* X- q0 n5 B3 [ 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 + K: N2 R( l4 W4 m& L, s3 K' J) {3 {
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0 ~1 @" Z4 k ^0 `BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面$ R: G; S3 `7 n1 Y3 c% f5 G( R6 k
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x9 F( N* e: R' y① 初始化 COM 接口:9 j& ?/ s, W3 ?# \5 @/ S
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
- L. B, _$ S9 f2 ? 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。, E) e% `! Z) m1 A7 b1 I' j a4 n
3 c3 k' {: N+ B5 K* ?% g' z② 获取访问 WMI 权限:3 D: y# a. M: l+ M w6 C
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
% _: m8 u1 S: P' Q8 { 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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5 i7 ?/ ?+ Z7 C: {③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
5 H4 H; l) m0 [" w3 g 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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* x' q4 ~ L/ d+ i3 ]& vvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)/ }0 B3 V" C3 i, T$ J0 L; k
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;; I2 s. |) B! i3 V; h e
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)2 _! q+ I- k% B$ d" e- X; f
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;8 g; A4 j- `$ L5 n
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
. K) O/ e8 X4 U) O4 }- I; W if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;+ G. `3 q* \ [2 F0 o6 N
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass; M; J% b& T( m
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)6 D! |' c& p7 h' I* t( o
{
( @% H/ p4 G8 ^9 M; K; [ U7 O IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
8 p% M* ]5 K: l% T& }7 p ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;& A$ ?4 V: |8 Y8 I
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK) W! N- b! ]- e' b7 X
{
5 K7 \; k/ r9 y- }' a' ` int iEnumIdx = 0;
8 k0 ~* E% W% b6 n* O, i/ E while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
/ |& `7 G& w* }9 U if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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; I3 K$ c' W# q; z* k long vbl, vbu;
+ e0 |& N7 T# x8 M8 ]- P SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
: g" i' M# q+ j* B' N1 _0 G2 ~- d) H SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
9 L! Z( [0 ^' q( O8 ~# U1 E for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)) k" X* n* e' X+ D* q2 G
{
8 f4 V I3 k; j. W% x long aidx = idx;2 O) Q* t e2 W
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
* j0 Z& X1 E: n3 y H. I! r# X# h VARIANT vValue;0 F! m! O' S: y7 \' |
VariantInit(&vValue);# x- b# I) y+ ~. R5 Z! y
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
3 ~4 X$ R+ ?. x3 [/ p8 j0 X HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);7 P5 l* W) o; l% K5 x
SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)
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/ x* Q: @ ^* F9 ] AnsiString s;% a/ J" k \) q5 K/ M- G) K
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;8 \$ C3 N% O) V
if(v.IsArray()); W- p$ w# D: h1 L
{
3 z0 d" f$ r& R) r3 F for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)4 ~4 S2 c; q: ~! v" E" x/ ^- Y
{
, A& ^! [# B6 p( B1 X7 }8 p! C Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
& J5 T0 o! ^, U" ` if(!s.IsEmpty())
, H1 \. i% |7 W n% m, v; N( X/ {# | s+=", ";
0 b3 h& }: s5 U0 F s+=VarToStr(a);1 T; a2 _7 g, i7 _
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else! E$ P: T2 y! G7 Y. w' r8 \) _% y
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s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);: o Q- T; D" X% W i ^* u7 u
SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
; b0 _$ c7 P- l4 k! ]1 ~ iEnumIdx++;" | l) B9 I7 o0 f: V% Y) e
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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+ a# U! {5 }8 p0 Q* R if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();5 [1 @5 t7 x# R0 ^# \; {
}
: a3 n+ v u4 W4 x" u- l3 K$ R if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();5 X& r+ _/ |- A, ~0 g4 _( H
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------- q7 P7 D. X5 n$ U0 @0 u
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
4 D& ` m- e. B& Q- vvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)5 B) }5 f8 Q; t
{
6 l; F* B5 t7 p1 M2 p) i8 `$ ^' w5 X4 R Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");8 i6 R5 w6 z2 z1 o
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
; O3 g) T d0 [$ K- T2 \ Memo1->Lines->Add("");$ c- |+ E( c9 ?% e- x7 Y0 o7 N
}
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: l1 N. X! v* I$ ~+ SWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
2 g* j4 Q% |# ?# s d# |3 B Win32_1394Controller
' U {. n' w& j- f Win32_BaseBoard: O. w- l" J K
Win32_Battery
! q: Q, a0 O2 C' I# c Win32_BIOS* K- E2 q& s; {, O. m9 N; P
Win32_Bus u# `/ ?' E. O& n/ E. b
Win32_CacheMemory. u' T3 |1 c/ o$ m' g
Win32_CDROMDrive! [ X; p/ L7 ?3 ?6 h7 z
Win32_CurrentProbe
! f2 H1 J4 P5 C2 E2 w% L- y Win32_DesktopMonitor' S' X5 U* ~3 s# Z1 c, B
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
( D9 f1 g* o" b& ` Win32_DiskDrive! R8 g# O: t' ]( O
Win32_DisplayConfiguration5 K8 V: y9 H% y" C' S0 S& N
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
7 ^ D0 f5 i/ \5 b! ? Win32_DMAChannel7 l- R$ e3 V; k0 \, S/ i
Win32_Fan
1 B& O8 L5 s {( \1 u Win32_FloppyController O6 h5 K3 [, R5 Q d
Win32_FloppyDrive: I6 e+ E7 F" @1 _
Win32_HeatPipe
0 \' S2 c. l# y0 y& E* ? Win32_IDEController* N. W' p% i* y% k+ J# Z
Win32_InfraredDevice
$ M# O- ]8 ~6 f7 K2 Q9 g Win32_IRQResource
& f' j1 }, g0 K6 L' V7 c Win32_Keyboard
) ]8 [# O/ x1 j x) U# g$ S Win32_MemoryArray
$ P: U3 ~/ Y. M$ n. S1 X4 v6 m Win32_MemoryDevice2 r/ \0 S9 Z3 s4 z
Win32_MotherboardDevice" o# ]* a# ]$ C( L7 ]9 x: r+ v
Win32_NetworkAdapter
# t9 J R6 g! P! w% |7 l( @ Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
3 v i6 Z3 W4 A: ^2 u Win32_OnBoardDevice
% g2 F- A0 W T5 p% Q2 c: ] Win32_ParallelPort
; k6 Z H2 X: Y7 \# C* z2 z3 M Win32_PCMCIAController
( Y2 C8 z$ }% c! s Win32_PhysicalMemory
6 X3 q; i! |! ?3 x" B: h Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
; ~# ^6 N) G+ ?0 I3 J$ | Win32_PnPEntity5 X3 A+ I; \- C X; ?- @
Win32_PointingDevice2 D9 z5 `5 b1 W' W
Win32_PortableBattery* L) d/ K! w' e! g: Y( Q/ {
Win32_PortConnector
9 m8 Q3 s. c$ | Win32_PortResource
! D# H& Y, {# ] Win32_POTSModem% d8 J9 `2 I9 M$ u' `
Win32_PowerManagementEvent4 _0 R- b1 m3 h4 q' ~
Win32_Printer
0 Y" ~! v Y0 Q Win32_PrinterConfiguration
3 `8 ]5 X# w3 G& H$ H! e/ J Win32_PrintJob3 k9 W& m4 g+ X9 j
Win32_Processor
0 \& ^; E% i, s% c% a7 h Win32_Refrigeration
' a7 {6 {6 u. U3 r Win32_SerialPort7 S, X' r- Q" N: Y, E0 E! ~
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
" v, U: g3 i" }! [0 F! a Win32_SMBIOSMemory6 n+ ~1 S0 x0 l' d
Win32_SoundDevice0 u; ]& [; n O( X: r/ e* B2 H
Win32_SystemEnclosure
* T/ J" T$ Z% K+ d Win32_SystemMemoryResource
8 U+ T& q x5 S) { d Win32_SystemSlot
3 n' v0 P) ?9 P' V* h1 k3 W( f Win32_TapeDrive
7 b4 q/ u' P* }, [! C" S Win32_TemperatureProbe
5 f' l6 q9 s' z Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply& v, ]+ R4 C) ^# f: I' n3 M
Win32_USBController: n7 v2 x- [' ~+ \% s
Win32_VideoConfiguration
- X6 a; Q) p2 S Win32_VideoController
8 }6 ^+ a! J2 X5 r$ O* v Win32_VoltageProbe
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7 X% D3 y7 a5 Q4 M* a: G以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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