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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)% Q" n' i# Q: [: c' Q k; ~
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具). X& T2 ?5 C% {" H8 m' E) L& `6 f
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
. M5 k9 @9 z0 {5 N6 ]# S 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
+ r4 L* y$ ~0 L 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 . B) D: K- x) d3 e5 j3 G
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$ G! r9 Y9 L* A" i! }1 GBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面. o, k8 `* [7 }9 I# O5 K+ E4 y6 |3 o
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: S7 j% I% }# Q9 s8 i6 t① 初始化 COM 接口: y f5 r: e" f* B! [7 N
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。5 R3 r) @- {- t8 Y5 H- z9 J
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。" V/ @& q7 t& }2 i- z
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
6 [. Z' i7 T6 P% D/ _3 M2 L CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
9 V" P) R5 Z G! }5 W( z 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。 ]8 k4 P0 u/ p' G0 a5 V
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
1 `, `; ~8 E& o 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。* u& O( s$ O( J2 `4 }' {
* |$ U3 {7 o0 I) lvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)9 r- {0 L& |. }5 t
{
. j, f5 Y4 l1 p: E8 L8 M2 g IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;' `" x/ c6 j7 Z$ A! Y I2 ~
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)8 g# u- V; h7 S: _3 G1 t5 G) c/ o
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;% P& D' [5 u8 F, E. P9 `" F- d4 \# X
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
- s9 M9 ?4 \1 t3 i if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)' G! T! \/ }& |& ^! s p
{
) j0 O$ _7 P3 Q& W IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
( \3 q, S& p- b6 c" H+ G" g4 ]. p8 t" L& Z WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;8 ?) d5 H; j5 ~9 v j' v
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;6 ^7 R) ~+ O) x+ H: ?
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
; Z7 }0 u. Z6 j7 j( V if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)4 S7 s8 E" h: J d2 S5 {
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int iEnumIdx = 0; u& ]- }0 g6 @' Z
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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$ Z) d [) {+ \ lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
7 X" ^6 M' ^ u6 f if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
% f! p, }' ]+ g. ~* ] {
$ d9 N' V9 d% f0 \. _ long vbl, vbu;
" r8 h' P) o0 F5 O SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
1 p4 X8 ^ W2 A SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
5 v' ?; C/ }0 Z, f) u8 h, | for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
# X* }3 v. r& _, d% _% j/ c. k {
" \9 Z9 c0 a: b) r; ]+ i8 _- h: ^- F$ Z) m long aidx = idx;' H- p5 t) g, Y; z' o, W
wchar_t *wsName = 0;. o9 Z0 A. v- Q+ K- V% B
VARIANT vValue;& I& y. Y3 P2 q$ s7 ?3 `: d
VariantInit(&vValue);6 K: V: f1 O# t w$ h6 v
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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$ z3 l. h( l$ J+ \3 L8 G BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);( Z7 B6 ]/ T. O& a! L# E/ b0 S; J
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);- Z. f/ H# T; J; p, U0 u+ D2 `8 i
SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)' S# y! h+ }# o ]; i$ F( {
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AnsiString s;
2 i: r& _$ d+ D6 C# N+ u Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;# j( s+ n8 o! s2 Y7 O+ F7 q& m/ [
if(v.IsArray())% X" Z# |! h% Y* O
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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3 y% M5 [$ z* d$ {& o Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
1 w m: e* U- u5 L) r7 ? if(!s.IsEmpty()). P2 e3 }; B9 ~# ]0 F
s+=", ";" C( p4 r$ ]+ }6 M
s+=VarToStr(a);
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else
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s = VarToStr(v);0 } P4 f; t; H
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);2 m! U0 U% W I5 \- ^- D% O T
SysFreeString(wsName);$ Y, \& j0 [8 ~, B3 \ B1 ]
}
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);, t( M6 P( |8 K& Q* H/ J& S
iEnumIdx++;
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}
2 M% h5 z# T4 `; w% N3 @% h$ K) ] if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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R( F1 \, M h- l/ s! E if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();% h: _2 J4 N2 ~, G
}
! m; i# {! E7 Y4 a6 N& f0 h/ z if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();7 |+ x6 Q& M) d1 Q7 N
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
$ {5 O, z, ]/ D2 x, rvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)0 e) _5 r+ S. `
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
8 c5 ^* [% Y2 J GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
" r4 Z6 ]$ }9 ^: y, U* ~8 E Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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4 |* I3 a) E& G$ @WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:2 R l9 Y2 F) d5 O, P) q: D7 h
Win32_1394Controller
; _. d9 S9 D1 p0 Z) I$ Z! Z Win32_BaseBoard" m" J, F- Q1 M/ T& M
Win32_Battery
: n( K: r0 h: r- y Win32_BIOS, ?" r0 c3 Y/ k2 n6 }6 h3 i
Win32_Bus
& n" O2 l0 m' T) M& f W! o) L Win32_CacheMemory
3 f/ w. Y9 b/ Z, e Win32_CDROMDrive2 ]4 y, X/ @$ R
Win32_CurrentProbe, ?8 U5 J, K$ t6 N
Win32_DesktopMonitor- n8 ?- i5 G. n
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
2 g: Z5 X& R6 N' G Win32_DiskDrive
' {: K# ^9 M( n/ N3 S! P1 w" }2 d2 W, d Win32_DisplayConfiguration4 l `$ c3 J5 |2 K3 E% a3 K, \
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
" e4 J! z3 l. @9 c# _4 g Win32_DMAChannel( _# t7 V8 ?0 [% a# j) n3 u; H
Win32_Fan$ h# l) q; |! r) i0 j
Win32_FloppyController% p* L& c. P+ L
Win32_FloppyDrive3 ~" L7 z0 o" d; ]: ? @6 ? M" b
Win32_HeatPipe
( d0 h) a$ M6 a- g Win32_IDEController# d5 n3 E% ~ T/ v! W
Win32_InfraredDevice
) m0 q4 J# @, h# y) R Win32_IRQResource
2 h( s0 v1 a8 k0 [9 x6 @) h, B Win32_Keyboard- |( A& ]$ s3 P; b5 h
Win32_MemoryArray( i2 g8 ?; R5 d2 [1 l
Win32_MemoryDevice
5 Q- ]9 L) c9 a9 {" @; l' f# e Win32_MotherboardDevice
( K6 W9 y# p$ @9 Y Win32_NetworkAdapter" ^7 E/ M+ |" ^
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
7 ~! ^9 Y! Y8 [: v' v Win32_OnBoardDevice
8 R/ \% O+ z5 E. Z Win32_ParallelPort8 q1 E& ^. D5 O& G/ o+ [
Win32_PCMCIAController5 q( m, g4 U0 Y' p6 D
Win32_PhysicalMemory
0 N0 P0 \; H0 o& J: m% U' q' h Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray' b7 O o( j# m. f
Win32_PnPEntity
& Z+ P3 N7 s% u i Win32_PointingDevice
, R. Y5 g O7 y. K Win32_PortableBattery
+ u3 k1 C. X$ |( H Win32_PortConnector
# i9 Q v$ N% h Win32_PortResource9 g+ Q' g" f, E8 c
Win32_POTSModem) F* F* V( `% Z% i+ \
Win32_PowerManagementEvent. I9 p. Q+ z& J' K$ V
Win32_Printer) w9 w4 p5 [, `" p, _
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
: P, Z, E2 ^ Z Win32_PrintJob
2 n4 ~: J& l# j3 @1 C2 w. v& e2 k Win32_Processor
! ^4 g/ u+ B% x) J0 D( P/ ?2 c Win32_Refrigeration( c: Z8 [& Q* i" e
Win32_SerialPort- m5 I5 M7 \4 e: L" d$ e
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
, o) S$ {! n1 w& F4 @# z Win32_SMBIOSMemory$ k: b7 C. f: X/ Q/ j. I4 |
Win32_SoundDevice7 [, H6 Y* Z2 ~- c5 y
Win32_SystemEnclosure5 O6 |9 O& k* e' x
Win32_SystemMemoryResource+ ?9 e$ T F, l6 {* o# m
Win32_SystemSlot/ a% c4 f0 h) W- g0 S1 q
Win32_TapeDrive
! P: h; Q6 k+ d( F. N! Z+ N Win32_TemperatureProbe
) @% G2 p) e7 G" z' f0 r Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply. {, s5 Z3 X1 R& _3 V
Win32_USBController2 R0 |% \2 q. _4 k9 m5 ?% c
Win32_VideoConfiguration$ E4 x% r0 j5 c% y# s
Win32_VideoController
( `5 y# d6 S \; | | Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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