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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)/ n1 j! [: g) P5 f7 F
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
4 q o7 K/ S# Q) m 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 ! o2 w% v- d2 j
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
! J- z ]/ N" P& `5 p6 e; t: ? 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 . t+ N' m' }4 s( P8 S: m$ i
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面" S7 W% F2 Z+ Y0 S0 K" q, F
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0 X6 T6 ~, K7 |$ j① 初始化 COM 接口:3 O+ h; J$ E H8 R" F7 K
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。, g7 q; A( |3 P6 [, T8 K
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
9 {. z& T, b6 a; U CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);+ l- B, i5 B: o# t. p0 v
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。# V# N7 v0 O3 j7 B
5 I( Y* D9 W$ ^9 z1 B/ z③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:/ n. K1 Z7 h/ r/ \2 o6 m9 `
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
% Q* ^" F( e8 n, i# o9 O if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)& y5 U1 q1 u! x; s* ~, f
{
0 ^! A6 x6 Y& Y- w IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;# q* H) t5 t& Q* j2 N9 u
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
" i- X, m( c9 M6 @3 ]+ M if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;- D3 W+ `) L" D3 \7 B# R
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
L! }7 K* ^, Q$ ` if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)6 b, Z' I& }# F, ]
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;6 ~! W" d! m2 g9 J3 }' a1 R
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
! B* B0 o2 L& |. r if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)) B, q1 {' s) B
{
/ s6 ]& k4 p/ t( C8 B- J+ S8 A/ o int iEnumIdx = 0;
- S, j- ?$ C# u& ]! h# `! U8 y while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)$ P* z5 {7 b9 Y# \( ~
{
+ ]8 t* v+ g, A+ `4 c lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");" H+ n3 N3 C0 X2 p7 q
5 m2 m5 O0 o: ^! N SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
# }6 ~9 W) ~ s( i/ P" o if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu; e5 x) j3 q c7 |+ M
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);: ~1 w; X+ z4 ^+ B/ ~8 h
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);2 A3 H' E; Q. A" [. b. u) S8 d% g, S* A5 s
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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$ {$ B1 n2 m0 ~& \- g* J1 P* k0 N long aidx = idx;
" T8 E( S1 b. Y wchar_t *wsName = 0;
% G( X* Q! w& T VARIANT vValue;
( Q& Q+ {0 P3 S- C+ E VariantInit(&vValue);2 C2 v7 Q! m& F0 l$ o
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);& ~6 @* L( f) s$ u! O
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
* |: U$ f# V) `6 I( c& } HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
+ s& S' M5 @ a SysFreeString(bs);
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2 E ^& v# h' o1 k if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;: Q- p$ {9 Q& t8 n
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
+ ^9 O {' X% G w' m if(v.IsArray())
; V5 |8 g+ J7 w6 P' X" y+ f {
# t a7 x0 J7 n* m* p& f8 w! E# Y for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++); e: k7 W) G) e, O# i
{
% n. H. V& Q- Z+ f' C* B1 N+ Z. ] Variant a = v.GetElement(i);: `2 }) l% N8 c
if(!s.IsEmpty())2 v* {4 N) }' _4 S2 }2 U
s+=", ";
: ^7 S! e- B, t; U3 ^4 Q: K; a s+=VarToStr(a);
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% s' D9 P4 E3 Q6 ^7 ^5 h+ e( | ^ else
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+ n: X; m' Q( G2 p s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);/ `" P. ^6 I/ P
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VariantClear(&vValue);! Q' s8 U/ M8 E% r' r1 d8 I" N8 l
SysFreeString(wsName);7 r d* b3 ~) {, f9 ]" S
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}
7 {! w- k6 Q3 N3 g- Q! h7 d- m5 R, U if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
8 X0 m; M: ]5 u0 m+ r) Y iEnumIdx++;0 G8 E) U/ G, r) q8 ~
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();. p/ [# Y& r/ w
}
! ~9 z6 n5 q: @& a if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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% s B, } p5 L9 w7 c3 P: `; f if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();) V& [6 h, X* h8 \1 u8 U3 n& `; K
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------8 @+ B" w2 l' t" L# \3 D, O: Z
2 q8 H d+ d# X- A! C4 I0 T8 E0 [// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
/ |+ b9 E4 Z5 D1 D" [void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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1 D3 l! ]( S) C+ i t* z" N2 O! \ Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
8 V3 h! T# m! w# d0 ? GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");6 Q6 W. a# G5 B# t. j! \( R, _
Memo1->Lines->Add("");5 u G6 X3 w5 p. g+ p
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5 f- [( _% E; Y3 h7 |' u( zWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:! V( t8 s: A$ M
Win32_1394Controller
3 i7 X) k6 Z1 d, \ Win32_BaseBoard
9 v2 r, x& m" t2 ^8 }5 D/ t5 M8 V7 ^& K Win32_Battery
; T! W+ `, H" F( ~ Win32_BIOS
4 s |2 _% j: T- u% b: } { y Win32_Bus" N/ \& A7 l9 K0 _7 ~
Win32_CacheMemory
: J& }1 I) c8 }$ x' J Win32_CDROMDrive
. G8 u" I% T2 e! o Win32_CurrentProbe5 @+ A. {1 t6 U. P
Win32_DesktopMonitor
& F. _# Y) [ Z1 Q- l! L" d Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
" m: ~2 a' {2 n* P7 B/ b' g9 D+ O Win32_DiskDrive7 `4 f: V) B7 P) O9 [2 j
Win32_DisplayConfiguration! Y2 M- o/ Z0 ], } U- V
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration2 V+ O+ H ]9 d" N, A
Win32_DMAChannel
9 F3 e5 o' d; i( ]! R+ o' y Win32_Fan7 @0 Q2 G0 q) ~) F( ]. S& J
Win32_FloppyController
8 _7 l& [/ N4 y n% n, D Win32_FloppyDrive
4 ?5 T" K8 F( d4 q' O: {: g0 J- Y Win32_HeatPipe
: X/ F8 `! Y$ V4 d Win32_IDEController
' i# K H/ ?7 ^. `0 i Win32_InfraredDevice) I8 O m( q" d( ]1 ~
Win32_IRQResource2 w1 H" r( @0 Q& l3 t
Win32_Keyboard
7 t& c$ s1 h0 T$ w/ ~) q7 K7 b: T Win32_MemoryArray
/ ?7 |$ D: H2 h, v* } Win32_MemoryDevice: e2 f1 k z* ~; w
Win32_MotherboardDevice* t+ N/ E! u4 s2 a( f" o& d7 x
Win32_NetworkAdapter
1 U/ h+ ^4 }' a Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration3 S$ D" r$ T- ~( S+ r. D
Win32_OnBoardDevice8 V, h" K( t6 s. b3 W0 Y% V
Win32_ParallelPort5 J) a& S% t( P9 w& ]2 H! S8 `
Win32_PCMCIAController
; F4 I4 n, N+ B( W Win32_PhysicalMemory
6 o% @3 M/ y: W A Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray$ U z5 B2 ]$ w6 ]
Win32_PnPEntity
% h) H O1 |8 D. j Win32_PointingDevice
6 C& e& T* L1 M; i: z! j Win32_PortableBattery
; x2 P4 G3 [5 |; d. v7 ~ Win32_PortConnector
" d, A$ o* A: B. K+ R! O. U Win32_PortResource3 H% ^+ i/ \% c
Win32_POTSModem: O4 Q V# d1 O' ~" v7 q
Win32_PowerManagementEvent+ y2 r- z3 @# k4 g8 G% Z
Win32_Printer
9 P1 l- }0 @2 U, S, f" U: i Win32_PrinterConfiguration
$ T0 i' ~) ?9 |0 E& { Win32_PrintJob. ?1 P$ O5 ^/ {! x0 [
Win32_Processor( z0 L. ?8 c S: W) A1 r. o* Z
Win32_Refrigeration/ C2 x/ I% l+ D6 G/ j4 J9 D L: L
Win32_SerialPort
6 i; r6 y9 z& d9 B: d* k4 M1 A" Q) ? Win32_SerialPortConfiguration$ V' M3 k" q) [- E; ?
Win32_SMBIOSMemory! J* n6 b/ M0 D& u
Win32_SoundDevice7 S1 |) V; O8 Z: q
Win32_SystemEnclosure
( a' K" n, d Z* Q6 ^ Win32_SystemMemoryResource* e- w) |" R2 I. v f. O8 J0 O
Win32_SystemSlot
! C" u t' u* P2 k- X3 i, c Win32_TapeDrive
7 ?, f/ ?. d9 h! ]4 o& f1 L Win32_TemperatureProbe
' L \4 V' E4 h" H Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply% e; f9 Q! k/ r: ~
Win32_USBController( M5 Q2 C' W+ t6 V" Q
Win32_VideoConfiguration8 H c7 ~8 E1 |4 {$ w
Win32_VideoController9 j- N1 M O% Q# Y0 M5 b3 R+ |
Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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