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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者), u2 s9 O" ?6 L# y6 y
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' w& G& Q: Y4 H7 l; S* wWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)+ @5 J! v( L% ^5 a+ P, | N
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
6 S" y, L) B T9 V9 y 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。# f9 F( o2 a# p# E% p. k% R; U0 ]( u
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面7 }, {# I- r, L
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6 }1 c v* _+ v# V+ m① 初始化 COM 接口:% n c3 w9 d0 h' ^8 X
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。9 J6 U0 z6 T3 ?; `" Z& K# R5 Y
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。8 c. u8 ]. N: A( d/ `- M
/ t! O8 j$ l9 k! G- D+ S3 s② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
' P5 i1 ~" f" |7 f1 r CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
2 y. B% y# X. v# y 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。8 j1 ?4 k" |/ I# _% l( D. G; @5 F
\4 X( @! q w③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
0 g+ \2 g% F1 p! k. ] 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。, M' q) b( t1 y9 L3 M" j$ o
1 g+ O0 x" L/ S P' L: Uvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass). ~4 F: D' W8 J. g' h' B
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
" ]+ [9 j( b, X: v" \ if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)# e3 i1 }: S9 s1 w" |
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
' Z; r! I; t# c. ?: d WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");; l) k8 f3 }3 v4 u- u. j) x
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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/ O4 {% P3 ?6 n! E& k) f IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;1 H- d, T3 ?" Q( d9 i3 X
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;# M1 E7 I& M7 N- p- s
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)2 R- a' ~7 d3 e2 P4 ]
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
$ O( l( J: t/ X0 j" s( Q3 ? ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;0 o8 ~: M. s7 G0 c& S: K9 E
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)+ O {7 u2 H; e5 q2 K, n' @
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int iEnumIdx = 0;9 z, ~9 _% }7 u
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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: y. O3 G) ?- M2 s; r lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");8 i) n+ w! K- `( w, d3 y
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;; ~8 i" f. o6 v& M) Z& U
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;, w0 t. E0 p3 l4 c& R, h9 E
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);) p9 G. P V1 H2 v
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
4 T) S9 m% Z4 k( C, q for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;
o. c5 `7 h) L, |2 B wchar_t *wsName = 0;; D7 T# B5 x, H2 d6 N
VARIANT vValue;0 B; ]$ ] s- L; s! S
VariantInit(&vValue);( X1 C. @! V* d8 B
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);5 [4 B" \0 B7 h5 s
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
: H, u1 B0 e1 G0 p, F7 f$ y HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
2 Z6 @2 h3 J4 v( S9 E1 ? SysFreeString(bs);) T- D; y& W4 @" P- U$ A
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if(hRes == S_OK)) L( p( H3 I) M( _
{
( M+ P/ N) ]( ]; s& m( K1 K AnsiString s;8 W" }9 d5 t$ R' f( J
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
4 D7 f% s4 `; l4 C: Z1 \4 h if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)7 T- r3 b Y& g# P8 ~4 B7 v
{
4 S p4 b/ Y5 {: [* B. O0 b( x Variant a = v.GetElement(i);, u x- d8 e4 q: C
if(!s.IsEmpty()); @/ W J8 @5 j9 ] k$ e
s+=", ";
l- w) s* ~, |0 Q M1 Q5 w% u9 D4 G s+=VarToStr(a);
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else2 D9 ^6 `" T4 `5 c- `
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s = VarToStr(v);
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! l# z% Z, {2 @- q. M% z( f7 W7 V lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);6 G# c! @; Y) y8 g, Z4 d: e! j
SysFreeString(wsName);7 N7 y9 G) K% w- q! W
}
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
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}
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# ]0 O6 t3 L' [" M3 C' o if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();9 }- n+ g/ x! L2 T! G$ B! I1 B
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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- y" P: A9 y5 c5 U: r) L+ n1 D* v if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();+ j K9 D! e5 F* c+ J
}
' M0 R& c& K& \4 U if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();) r6 w- f$ b# [% L8 {) J
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------: X* t1 Z/ b0 K3 G8 Z+ P, i
7 b+ j$ ~/ d* t8 R// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:' l; |( q( C' Y5 ~: I( U7 W
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender); k4 G. F8 Z5 k# s) m
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");+ _4 d& a6 ^) f: B; s
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");/ d$ J- e u# y8 k; |, h
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:: a( A; P* j' l. P' e, U2 F
Win32_1394Controller( Q: s; R- ? y) T* F: }
Win32_BaseBoard' Q+ U6 [, `1 I! w2 Q/ H' i, U% o* S
Win32_Battery
; S, `1 B3 y1 V4 R0 K3 f Win32_BIOS
2 ^" H, `. f2 e3 g6 S6 \7 B( m Win32_Bus# g9 y8 d, M2 ?- K+ A
Win32_CacheMemory: F% {6 z( \. s7 x3 _
Win32_CDROMDrive
. v$ P% ^$ D6 g6 D Win32_CurrentProbe
2 C" s! e R# z0 ` Win32_DesktopMonitor9 Z, G" w2 D. t
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
1 u% {- r7 y! ~* [2 @# [ Win32_DiskDrive Z! y/ D' `: R V8 v
Win32_DisplayConfiguration* T# U9 C6 _% ]7 D
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
* i+ ]2 K! v/ [8 H' ]5 ] Win32_DMAChannel# H1 W; H( k5 Q6 y/ c$ R3 G- _
Win32_Fan
# M4 [, s# E/ `' s# { Win32_FloppyController
2 h8 N6 s$ e! B+ d$ S Win32_FloppyDrive
5 ~, w8 h1 {- C# x3 R. y Win32_HeatPipe* k3 x) ?! E ^# i- k
Win32_IDEController
9 J: q/ d; Q+ R" {6 o" j5 {1 R Win32_InfraredDevice
2 T0 f5 z8 ^1 F9 U; V" X Win32_IRQResource8 ?; Z; y! J0 W$ R$ m! `
Win32_Keyboard7 ]- `1 l; l' G4 s
Win32_MemoryArray* q2 F" t8 q; O! P6 o6 z `
Win32_MemoryDevice
, h; p# l2 W3 _: ]1 z Win32_MotherboardDevice
) ~. y; U( C1 J7 I Win32_NetworkAdapter
& g; H4 Z% G5 K3 z Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration1 J% M( i3 C/ x
Win32_OnBoardDevice
0 _$ q& U" ~+ h8 G: B3 o5 o$ C# y Win32_ParallelPort
1 C" A8 d1 J" h Win32_PCMCIAController5 l/ \; g# w0 G2 T/ M7 k
Win32_PhysicalMemory
' j e6 M3 p4 u8 ^6 _# Y7 q Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray' u( i4 V& l2 a
Win32_PnPEntity @ F. h$ w/ t$ L) ?: ^
Win32_PointingDevice
* ~6 a' {8 R7 {$ W& V' \% W Win32_PortableBattery
/ C A8 I$ w5 A4 n/ x6 c9 Y' t Win32_PortConnector5 W/ s `& \, T: x
Win32_PortResource, d+ [8 O% n! ^( m- H9 Z1 S0 O! L
Win32_POTSModem
% {* K! i! I9 M& M5 V Win32_PowerManagementEvent
- n( E5 P- N. S/ }: ? Win32_Printer
- n9 d, m5 @* [. U6 c7 P' p. f* ^ Win32_PrinterConfiguration
1 X" |4 x7 k6 p7 P& Y" t9 [3 a Win32_PrintJob3 e8 N7 F+ C4 r- B
Win32_Processor
1 D6 V5 V8 Z5 s& P% \8 D Win32_Refrigeration
& j) x" E$ z2 O7 n# P' ]% W Win32_SerialPort2 k F( A# B7 |' A8 E
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
, j& W! W9 M& h& [ Win32_SMBIOSMemory
7 K8 N+ t4 e G5 L0 F$ r# T! f Win32_SoundDevice6 f5 p% ?! l8 H# `5 z1 N) r4 n
Win32_SystemEnclosure
# x, N: j# N' C( A; |/ e Win32_SystemMemoryResource, C3 W( D4 T7 }: ?- K
Win32_SystemSlot
i/ _; g! Z B) C8 E% _7 A Win32_TapeDrive
' E+ t/ v5 ~4 q+ O Win32_TemperatureProbe: [7 ?5 @0 t; P* A
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
1 @. H5 _. e2 s( I& L1 O Win32_USBController9 `0 K1 `. A3 H. _2 } l& c
Win32_VideoConfiguration
) {7 O( P6 o. O+ I% C- V/ l% _) X/ k Win32_VideoController, \7 v% d: W: e n* z2 [1 G
Win32_VoltageProbe ]$ l9 Y: {# }+ C6 a4 O% i! z
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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