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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)# o$ m' X2 F" ]5 E6 O$ Y# k
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
! f! d! n+ \: y! ` 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
# m& p K8 l- Z7 [* U' }( z* ~ | 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。: ]! @1 T Y. k# u. `& D2 \
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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) E8 J& l/ s9 X K9 @1 c% bBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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① 初始化 COM 接口:, \. K/ M0 J- s# O. `% m
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。* k5 w6 ?7 X* F. n7 _; N
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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- b* G4 s6 \/ {0 o# ^& r* x5 ~② 获取访问 WMI 权限:. C. ]/ B4 ]- I; M/ G
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);4 v. |' k+ x6 s7 q7 u
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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- e. O3 Y3 u( _, p4 R4 G4 _! N F# B③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:% g) _' q* R9 }) h$ [
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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" P7 v! ?' @$ Q$ Cvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
: r5 q0 X5 e4 R* q; ?) ` if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;8 h" w) e; s! V, B J
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
/ B( C1 L6 P8 r if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
4 w& p' n( j' E7 K/ B WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;- D5 n2 Q$ P5 U8 Y! W+ I# |$ y
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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% l: C6 O I3 F& U9 p0 c) P2 ]- } IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
$ |' O$ t* {& q( W ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
\$ E2 C) g5 D6 f# V" |' P- D if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;
; `" D3 z8 q/ G. ]0 C F while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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P& W- M1 k) |* H lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;; M+ h" p7 I, ^% k7 o% W; ^5 Y8 z, n) i
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK) g5 H5 B3 x+ ~1 P& ]0 j" K/ v- D
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long vbl, vbu;
! P. k3 Z4 P8 k3 u SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
# F. F- y+ Q9 Q1 p$ n, } SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
1 \0 t% ~: U) k9 k/ v" @+ h0 V9 f. r for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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3 |1 Q% U# g$ z, h, P long aidx = idx;# F# i; b x: C( S6 `) G
wchar_t *wsName = 0;, p$ H7 X2 B* R4 y2 |
VARIANT vValue;
; t" X. X8 q0 R VariantInit(&vValue);8 B) v( \. ]$ Y1 \1 i' a
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName); z$ C% N$ o" F+ R t& Z
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
, L; ^* V0 W5 n7 i# G: N. _ HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
+ N9 I3 w/ E; i% E8 i SysFreeString(bs); R2 H9 T: H. N6 R* n, O
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if(hRes == S_OK)
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% M/ z s! r- Y1 Y AnsiString s;& [# o8 Y, b; l2 u5 }
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;, E! w9 A% x! a& j2 F) F( \
if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)+ z7 Y2 B% s/ Z: S3 s
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
: o7 d+ ~# r( P/ S if(!s.IsEmpty())
' y# _7 Y A, l( X5 Q s+=", ";
$ K: {& X) O# x7 c. p+ t" w. d K s+=VarToStr(a);
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else
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s = VarToStr(v);
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2 O- x/ m# k7 R lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);% [9 E% c, O1 ^3 q; Z
}
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VariantClear(&vValue);
2 U M; T4 y4 V4 o5 C SysFreeString(wsName);% K- _6 L& ~$ c" x" h3 }! r
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);2 P0 u) `: m. _0 E8 ]' m2 C
iEnumIdx++;1 R7 [: {& F r1 W
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}
6 C) u5 k7 W. Q2 f4 w' | if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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$ ?7 P! o1 t% J if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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- J9 ~; }4 w0 h( v6 Q- m if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();; w* e4 P$ w' y+ x
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();8 p$ }, @. m% z6 V- W m2 V
}
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
& t0 x4 E/ d. E! @& ?void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
+ S# E, ^+ X% r; Y7 T: N' n GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");' F6 L) N/ { Z% H" Z* _4 g3 B! r7 y
Memo1->Lines->Add("");: s x* ~4 m$ p0 u v7 F. o
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
+ \! P# u( d7 ^5 H6 f, Y& i Win32_1394Controller1 p5 H8 \ I( B
Win32_BaseBoard# l. I; G9 B/ J/ n. _% _! \, ~
Win32_Battery2 I+ a- t7 ^( m% S2 Z, H1 T
Win32_BIOS
5 k7 N9 E* J" i% t' l P Win32_Bus
' Z# \) B. f6 F* V: O& h6 o+ ?6 i9 n Win32_CacheMemory4 K4 X; U. X# U9 C) b' {
Win32_CDROMDrive0 @1 v- X4 g+ j. S( S6 _
Win32_CurrentProbe
0 w- V) s2 a: o; ]3 O Win32_DesktopMonitor2 S' R3 C1 I* z$ K( p9 m
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress6 j9 u4 m4 O6 n+ _
Win32_DiskDrive
+ e) k0 y' z# V7 B2 p6 Y Win32_DisplayConfiguration
( y7 ] B$ U2 o0 |7 o7 W7 H& s Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration4 T- p0 F2 g2 d4 R
Win32_DMAChannel( j/ D, Q9 w A, s- U3 x+ Y3 G/ h
Win32_Fan
+ B0 A- `& X O+ k$ l# p Win32_FloppyController
# p1 ~+ X# Q4 L9 y$ x+ V2 M6 Z Win32_FloppyDrive
+ A& c6 q4 g/ E7 l$ I" b Win32_HeatPipe# g0 z, y. W: V$ U) C6 d1 N9 C
Win32_IDEController
* }0 V* Q3 p b7 v _. x Win32_InfraredDevice
! d1 |; r' z5 G9 d6 |5 W Win32_IRQResource5 l, h$ Q" N5 @/ E4 F
Win32_Keyboard) b0 A; }; `$ I2 U1 S7 V
Win32_MemoryArray
* Y6 Y; I. O$ y6 C5 R. s7 v Win32_MemoryDevice6 @7 m( ~3 A! v' p! a1 |* @* U
Win32_MotherboardDevice
# ?5 e G; v. x' i# R$ G Win32_NetworkAdapter3 y0 {3 W7 B5 {% S$ q; z
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
) G. C0 p5 P7 k, y2 g& L) r Win32_OnBoardDevice8 C/ n7 b+ Q6 J; H( O8 h
Win32_ParallelPort
- L' `! n% z$ ?. S$ N1 m8 a, e Win32_PCMCIAController) _# }: ^% R, j0 m" b
Win32_PhysicalMemory. D$ u {% T1 @* f) d
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
; p* s. V- n3 [! _- B Win32_PnPEntity
9 I) a! i; J; A* ~( Z Win32_PointingDevice2 K8 @6 [2 @8 S) w/ r
Win32_PortableBattery# |! W( R; K. H' t: f0 |+ \5 K9 z
Win32_PortConnector
6 T8 Y# S3 e, H, Y6 ^ Win32_PortResource# m. S" N: T% H
Win32_POTSModem. l. G) Z( Y7 m1 S& J
Win32_PowerManagementEvent/ E# d, Y9 h! j; _/ |9 F- D; \, `
Win32_Printer
+ k4 b8 f7 {( L7 A- h6 ]% u Win32_PrinterConfiguration) _1 f, [& N9 t: u* e
Win32_PrintJob# f6 b& X' W9 R4 P1 n0 b) x8 r
Win32_Processor
3 ?1 `8 u& j0 C0 L/ ]7 Y Win32_Refrigeration
% M8 `5 v1 w$ ]' \1 k Win32_SerialPort
) r% i2 w% |. {2 q# s Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
1 F3 W- o' P7 r5 e# _ Win32_SMBIOSMemory
7 `( P- j; ] Y( K4 ^ Win32_SoundDevice
; F& n6 i% ^" F2 B+ A4 j, R Win32_SystemEnclosure
$ [$ i" V" O9 l q7 x) k Win32_SystemMemoryResource/ E0 V# {& R% _
Win32_SystemSlot4 b& T" @7 B- S6 r, T* y7 E* F# S
Win32_TapeDrive
) `& p3 u+ o# E' G Win32_TemperatureProbe P9 d! @ @- t% D4 l9 A# v
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply# {- l1 y2 m4 P% }) Y
Win32_USBController
* p& G: ^ X V Win32_VideoConfiguration7 | P* j5 h7 K
Win32_VideoController
+ w2 l4 T b) `/ M& ]) y' h Win32_VoltageProbe7 w9 s+ d$ r: L' C$ k
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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