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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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0 D7 \* Q* B. y' }WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
# q$ c* J* L- r/ k' e 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 7 E: `! ^% M" w. o" d
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。/ I3 c) J4 K8 h% c4 q- m5 D
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 2 G- r' Z6 ^0 h9 t3 X6 g$ T
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7 Q2 D' X* E1 `BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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① 初始化 COM 接口:# e3 h$ l0 _. p# K8 f( U
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。( ?, X8 P& D+ O5 F2 i& C4 c+ W
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。) r6 p, a& ~% d+ V/ _
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:+ v6 x! h# V; i4 r% n- d" T( t$ f
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
; [, |* F1 Y- _( ^ 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:, `- r9 `* L1 \" }2 e
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。' W- M8 n: V0 m0 q+ Q
9 h6 {' U2 h$ x- kvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)* [# v3 p8 i6 ?1 I4 b
{
3 G. b9 t4 m7 G6 i& Z IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
, I5 U4 F0 B0 U; E3 ]; L M if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK); H2 ?& i5 n, |. L& o
{
; S0 N: r0 s( E$ K IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
& {0 C$ N! v5 \% F WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
# @9 ?' F! A0 P; U$ R1 i1 F if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)9 `7 y! [! J5 S, I+ p, ]5 `
{
9 Q" ?, \1 Z2 Q$ g, Q IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;! T9 ?, j! R% j
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
6 I4 o/ @& p: O! A; M if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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; G) ?3 V7 l, D% ^6 l' S IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
2 W6 y, @$ `5 v6 \ ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
9 Z# E& _1 e# t1 E2 X+ @ if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)" b$ R, w8 B4 d$ y# ?" t0 o& q, T2 m
{
2 k5 Y7 d1 m: g3 C0 H) w$ E int iEnumIdx = 0;+ [1 U9 D6 r0 n- ?! v( p
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)! f2 c! @; z4 e( E9 L$ Z) B
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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6 p" j3 Y5 `3 O" A9 h( X SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;( q9 T `6 ^* h7 ^
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;
1 ?6 N" N9 s+ Y! B) ~ SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
- x9 v3 C9 T0 b( h" h SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
# l6 K" v& i5 h/ H, m3 b' p- X3 f for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)% X3 o9 V" Z: ]$ h
{
" L2 f/ U+ C. u* w A7 V long aidx = idx;7 W: q: y Y$ X$ B
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
; M. R( }9 R( j! w" L* o% J VARIANT vValue;* w4 U! g ]; T6 \9 D
VariantInit(&vValue);
: |+ a5 Z3 }, G8 [0 G/ f2 ] SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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$ V6 Z1 w6 X. a9 D4 ] BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
5 E0 {9 J& E# U& @8 f: X HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);( V: Z9 f3 u7 s! [- D) b1 R
SysFreeString(bs);( j/ Y9 f( z; n) P% X
# Z4 I. H9 P. W. w if(hRes == S_OK)5 S% \+ k. x6 j
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AnsiString s;
" F1 q" b |% f4 \! m; ~ Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;7 p' V. T; G- J R4 t7 u/ b9 A
if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)- k: W& _8 |3 V$ Q! A+ X5 P1 j
{
7 z6 C( G% Y( T9 a, V0 J* ~1 ~& Z Variant a = v.GetElement(i);+ s Q; P3 \' `9 I5 m0 ?, N& J
if(!s.IsEmpty())
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s+=VarToStr(a);
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2 n/ m1 a& F' T1 J6 W7 [7 g6 I. Y' K/ } else
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$ U) f5 |2 }& _8 t s = VarToStr(v);7 e" m1 l8 u0 s0 b; N
}
- L; e" W1 r( l lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);5 ]: i4 x* @3 ~. J2 |/ F* _, x. e
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4 J1 F% n4 j9 ` VariantClear(&vValue);7 r6 \* I( p+ [6 t4 s: |5 [$ I( O1 F
SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);* k/ }+ E7 z* h5 z4 b
iEnumIdx++;
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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/ {: b$ A* s4 F& y1 G if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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8 f: H) |" ^# W4 |" j// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
: _! w4 b: Z# I( J- Xvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)& Q/ {& d9 J3 D, K, O
{
! [4 M7 T! U$ t s- C Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");: P2 ]. E. y; W2 r3 Z; }0 S
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
4 s+ v+ I% a8 H2 n0 | Memo1->Lines->Add("");( R1 w8 i* e4 {- A
}
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g, @- D5 C! Q! h QWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
1 N1 l! e" p9 s) ^ Win32_1394Controller4 j' Q% V6 i9 D2 Y: z1 ]; t
Win32_BaseBoard1 u4 @8 U8 E: n t* H& T) h+ s9 ^
Win32_Battery' u' N7 V6 F8 k# e8 ^% g
Win32_BIOS
: `$ C# n2 u# s Win32_Bus% o% Q7 F H, h+ d5 k' Y
Win32_CacheMemory. n8 t- t9 w! G1 n' s q# y: l8 A% }
Win32_CDROMDrive
. b8 O$ x" R ^5 M9 r( d. o Win32_CurrentProbe! l, Z7 f% r* Y& a/ K; f
Win32_DesktopMonitor
% Q2 H5 i8 U4 N1 w- L Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress, u( d, }% }/ @/ B
Win32_DiskDrive8 {* s" Z$ V) T* a4 F3 ^
Win32_DisplayConfiguration4 k/ P% h* t; p
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration- e2 u" b4 v7 `
Win32_DMAChannel7 ~' L4 G+ z$ |
Win32_Fan) t, N: A% \+ r# \* U' j
Win32_FloppyController
& E) M! G- X( M N Win32_FloppyDrive
1 }8 c) y. g9 r7 L! w# m' u' m Win32_HeatPipe
o1 l5 D3 W& [8 W+ K4 b5 Q) U Win32_IDEController
0 T' ~" j# d* S0 |$ N* } Win32_InfraredDevice3 k! _2 @1 Z5 l R
Win32_IRQResource
- Z' b6 d1 V Z+ S9 U/ ? k" L Win32_Keyboard
8 s, F4 r% q T, j+ v. Y6 `1 y. \ Win32_MemoryArray& |6 h0 N h4 \
Win32_MemoryDevice2 ^% r+ j+ F( b! u+ h! V5 a- y
Win32_MotherboardDevice
# U3 p8 e0 f, r" k Win32_NetworkAdapter4 Y6 K8 x) }/ W) R, z+ r& Y1 A& M
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration. M; B# q# C1 o7 u3 z
Win32_OnBoardDevice6 I+ N1 b- h6 j& X
Win32_ParallelPort- {* G0 I3 a* A) N( J5 H, E- U
Win32_PCMCIAController
) g! \* q& e/ l7 \- c" u, L Win32_PhysicalMemory
' X7 f( R! T& y b Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
6 N: \7 I! Y& u# t: g Win32_PnPEntity2 c. h! t4 }- L2 I0 V
Win32_PointingDevice
1 s: ]% S, ?1 U% I2 a1 _9 @' _ Win32_PortableBattery4 j2 M0 b- }. X& W; u# C0 Y# S _% i
Win32_PortConnector
3 P5 c/ L: U, W+ x" N( O0 I% u Win32_PortResource
6 x% V/ b9 B4 ^" k$ a+ _2 @* F Win32_POTSModem, U7 ?& A0 ]& k; O6 k) X- e3 @
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
- Y: T9 d1 q+ k8 [% G Win32_Printer% l. Q8 ]) l' |$ \6 C3 A! N
Win32_PrinterConfiguration4 l. r* J. f6 E, {' n: q
Win32_PrintJob
6 H W. N3 g6 p2 p( Q6 a2 C5 L" V Win32_Processor
4 u6 w. a: Q/ Z: u- {! f Win32_Refrigeration
5 m) ]5 H5 {# R# N; r Win32_SerialPort; u& h# {' v6 y. m8 s/ p
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration3 h- |: k/ I. L. b/ [8 J/ Z
Win32_SMBIOSMemory0 S+ a1 O4 I7 _1 j
Win32_SoundDevice! V% ?% V, H1 ~1 @! V* k3 S' [
Win32_SystemEnclosure
_8 l% e% n' w: W Win32_SystemMemoryResource! p+ E& v& t5 \
Win32_SystemSlot" j+ r- S) F9 O8 G: B
Win32_TapeDrive3 M+ x i; a( F/ ^1 o! ^: @. v# `
Win32_TemperatureProbe
9 s( D- h6 ~0 J7 g3 P Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply; a" w$ {4 ]; N, I3 F
Win32_USBController
% `' t$ n% T& G! u Win32_VideoConfiguration
7 c9 G3 `# A5 b$ w Win32_VideoController
4 O8 v5 g8 h" V/ N5 z& M w Win32_VoltageProbe3 I5 k& `/ Y! _
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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