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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者): l( G8 J" N- Q% p# w4 I8 f
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
- b# b+ Q p' `1 [, I1 r% j 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 % o; [" m9 p% B0 J" t* l! u
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。5 M7 d) I4 z! F+ N$ r# A+ t% C
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面3 y8 T. U' c0 u0 O7 S
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( l$ F/ }: ]' O( |3 I① 初始化 COM 接口:
# M I: b0 K0 y( b# p6 S 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
& V$ E2 d& u; i+ { b 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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8 n/ M% w# G A6 ~# R' f# }' `4 P② 获取访问 WMI 权限:1 S& r ^ J5 J3 ^
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
( D/ ]# T7 O9 P2 m 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:' w+ s# e! W5 l$ P( i8 f# M% s
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。/ ?. j4 @+ C6 t
! {) ]' l) l, t6 `! Y# j0 Qvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;; S+ D; H6 i$ F/ C+ ^% W
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)! w8 W: Z" S# T
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
9 f; d( E6 r k* l+ [" K5 S WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");7 H- q2 i- t& b0 M! m- V
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)# v! i9 V1 M0 U. f
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
( w1 s9 R/ H/ V: O WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;! I( R$ G$ p9 u2 W; t, p$ s
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK): u$ g' u8 l0 D7 Z- ^4 m
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;; b" ^* B) F7 q0 G) v. g; w. M1 }
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;, `! _, ~9 P$ V9 c; Y+ z
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK) O# g7 f+ n# x8 E8 |
{
[( j* S! d3 S0 K# V int iEnumIdx = 0;
: |! K, \' I3 n& U: E: a: c- | while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK) ]* `# E" ?* O% k/ Y& k7 O* @
{
' ^) D( H0 P+ _2 _2 n4 E3 k lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");5 t: B2 ~9 g1 z: J: [& t
4 T0 }; q1 i8 O* F3 N' g SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;- V+ Z% n- ~7 E9 D" Y5 U* o3 y' [
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;% R" D) s- y5 r* j! |
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
) w8 H! M8 q+ u1 c* ^. ]2 i: _ SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);4 d% E" D3 n/ z, C
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)& B$ z. e* U* \) T- S8 r# h
{
/ X# ^0 q* n( v& [ long aidx = idx;( e; X M+ K3 w* p" ^
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
$ I" a: k. m5 j+ Q VARIANT vValue;
( F9 P1 I& j. v VariantInit(&vValue);
3 [% W, f" o7 r- t" G, A SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);5 W' M2 b- |% \2 m$ M. J
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
% o* W, u' D/ N2 N6 }9 P0 j HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);4 f5 ]4 A% X0 l" r
SysFreeString(bs);" N! r5 i( ?) G( ~, @2 _
0 C, v3 Z; U& ^ q( B! R0 p if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;* V: ]/ @' o1 H9 v7 o( P
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;) G3 f( A# u5 i4 \) p4 E W
if(v.IsArray())
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3 q9 a+ E* V4 C9 | for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);, k2 [/ O- [3 Q+ d2 |) z5 F
if(!s.IsEmpty())
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s+=VarToStr(a);
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}
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{, l$ O9 J: b* @9 ?( T+ h
s = VarToStr(v);. b( ~" _/ U9 p9 Q2 l: a8 ]! T) T
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s); k: c0 F2 g1 F
}
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6 }1 T8 G4 B. B VariantClear(&vValue);
. [7 d# I( i6 v! c; y- X SysFreeString(wsName);
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}
. m! F3 V+ M ?$ g0 F/ L' Q) G2 c if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
9 }% {( i( l" i0 [3 M& E iEnumIdx++;- d/ B* M/ D" I1 [; O7 ^
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();4 T) o! Z, c9 S/ h$ X: {6 S; r3 O
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();$ [: J5 }4 ~" D D- D" Q
}
$ H- o/ u# U, x# J& D* g4 P0 u( P. R if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();( Y3 Y1 T8 s& D5 h- ]
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:$ a9 }# p6 F+ Q, d
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)& B' s" d9 e+ s' T0 `
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
9 [5 N& N9 A$ t# ~& [% u GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
* E7 R0 E& v+ E$ [, a' m$ M! [ Memo1->Lines->Add("");/ I* D/ y J- N: d
}
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:( N/ k) s$ Z; P/ S
Win32_1394Controller3 K: h0 S9 V8 J p. f
Win32_BaseBoard% W; H- W# n0 Y4 A6 C6 }/ x5 e
Win32_Battery; N: x/ I8 i6 p* V. G4 i0 H
Win32_BIOS" Z: Z' `9 a$ H$ O% R
Win32_Bus8 l& v2 C2 c8 M# N: K5 `3 t2 Y
Win32_CacheMemory: \+ d4 e) x* f9 y* B
Win32_CDROMDrive' }: k" l* G. b$ K' H) @' r
Win32_CurrentProbe9 v2 H8 U9 o& s
Win32_DesktopMonitor
" k s8 V3 ]. r, }! q# r5 V3 l" t% x Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
/ R' L7 o) a L' H: b- R Win32_DiskDrive
I- w5 j5 g0 \: T6 O" V* i Win32_DisplayConfiguration
7 j& b/ p( ?: x6 l8 ~, U Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration) @" A# W6 k0 ~3 M2 I
Win32_DMAChannel4 t- @% D' T" d/ t2 ?/ o( n
Win32_Fan& j# Y" \: d6 s! _2 r
Win32_FloppyController
4 ^5 {/ r2 ]: {' ?. G1 @. h Win32_FloppyDrive0 B% W9 [5 z6 n. [9 I
Win32_HeatPipe1 g$ \9 x: z' v3 i
Win32_IDEController1 D! B+ j# N! ^( k
Win32_InfraredDevice
& P/ y7 w' C3 `+ w Win32_IRQResource
6 t0 g6 r4 \3 z1 L Win32_Keyboard
2 x' c; Z. e6 B! h! Q' B Win32_MemoryArray e: F2 X; Q1 V" z1 q
Win32_MemoryDevice1 Q2 P1 ]3 t$ l$ B5 j" q
Win32_MotherboardDevice
' Y5 h. `6 K5 p$ O4 I Win32_NetworkAdapter
( K+ h* E$ V) b Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
( B/ W7 j" k/ ~$ A2 N+ P Win32_OnBoardDevice
/ a+ j: L* V* m; Q- s Win32_ParallelPort1 W- F# M, O5 v
Win32_PCMCIAController
- S. o9 o. T5 k3 h9 E: [ Win32_PhysicalMemory
+ H* w) C# `( _0 r% ^) Y+ _ Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray& y7 v+ @4 u" b, j0 z Z, i
Win32_PnPEntity
3 @$ C4 @6 w1 F$ i+ X; H1 D! d" \ Win32_PointingDevice
. ]: _+ p$ h! A# e& A$ J' Y1 j Win32_PortableBattery4 f- h, P2 x# Z2 [
Win32_PortConnector3 F$ `* R: v2 y% P
Win32_PortResource
0 p) r2 T8 x1 d5 j Win32_POTSModem2 ~- H4 a$ K0 M% ?& R. w3 c
Win32_PowerManagementEvent$ J3 ], B/ H3 K7 c
Win32_Printer5 R) h, }8 A8 U/ b5 h" i& q
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
0 ?% n- t' G- N; R9 |2 H Win32_PrintJob# j: n( d( W! h, u" y7 C( n
Win32_Processor) s! h) c' u7 g6 H! h
Win32_Refrigeration2 v- j. Q0 ~% X* X( v1 X, p
Win32_SerialPort: w+ {: b; ~/ H! j# X" M8 N9 S9 W
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration( J% x( S+ A3 p
Win32_SMBIOSMemory8 Q& e& U9 S3 g
Win32_SoundDevice
9 g9 W( K( K+ J Win32_SystemEnclosure
. s' h) b% [, I% g Win32_SystemMemoryResource( H% _: }+ C8 g! F" l+ V8 i5 C! W
Win32_SystemSlot
- p7 F% N' H! `9 w Win32_TapeDrive8 B6 W' j" }2 ^0 n% u
Win32_TemperatureProbe" V' X5 H0 f1 L v
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
7 }9 Z; e3 o1 h5 F Win32_USBController! U4 F+ M, N2 r3 B j. ]
Win32_VideoConfiguration2 n+ l% {6 m# [7 v& ~$ n6 s
Win32_VideoController2 k+ c+ s( {: z) G, Q
Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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