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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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( f# x$ v) |( t7 b" {- ZWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)* n$ I+ ?% v0 a- G
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
+ B8 `0 Q9 E, ?. e 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
: X1 l4 g& V5 Q9 [; \7 H 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 6 f$ H r+ J, m/ [8 n$ H; O
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面9 A" M9 I( a+ C6 \$ ~$ ?
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
8 G' n6 x; [* [2 y4 d. B 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
8 ?, I8 x$ d3 v2 s, q 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。3 O; T9 W+ ^8 |6 P1 f$ J
$ x+ J( r$ W8 p2 O' A: e② 获取访问 WMI 权限:! Q$ S2 E. U5 m6 S9 @9 o+ e2 M
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);8 _8 y4 J8 D, z y8 e
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:6 N. X% s3 X; {& r- s& S' S( h) Y% w1 S" t
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。4 {1 R j2 b# F- A% F7 I/ H0 ^! G0 w
. b, N ]5 |* I) ^/ @. i4 @void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)# r' A1 F; V& f# d/ k4 M- W# b% j
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
3 Y3 s% {/ S& S6 T% G" O4 `* A | if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)" [3 I4 P; Q) C! f9 j
{
/ K2 c" k$ x/ ?/ r0 J IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
( c" o9 T) M6 d9 }1 o% q WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
* [) S6 }4 ~8 m& h" O; G" `# Z0 p if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
% f& A, a' E1 o* p$ J WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;5 P- k6 ?0 q- S2 v9 ~
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)5 G# w, ^$ n) S, i
{
( p/ T- G) }3 \8 l IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;, c( g% g2 c# W8 T
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;6 e$ _- e2 M' D
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
5 C8 ^9 |/ E& L$ a4 ^ {
% q' v7 S, l+ @; Q. u8 F int iEnumIdx = 0;
" v, R L, q( k* ~ while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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, E2 n$ K1 x5 I! s7 }) P lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");( U4 F& ^3 I0 i; \$ G
# p# _; p. ]0 D% X0 c) ?( q SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;3 z7 ~2 r' j$ k( O
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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4 u" U) W* t1 O long vbl, vbu;$ M" p; }- f, P
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);1 P, S$ q! j0 ]! a |& e- R
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);) J( B( E: i: B1 T# ~* a$ C" n) o
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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0 l8 J7 B) i" r/ B6 K long aidx = idx;
$ D; [1 I+ i6 p ^! \ wchar_t *wsName = 0;
# q: R% ^# z$ ~9 K1 ] VARIANT vValue;$ G. P- Y. N P Q: z5 n, {; \. X
VariantInit(&vValue);! F3 S: }* S6 I1 _
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);9 i# I$ E$ ]7 s
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
, C# b8 ?& u( H& u5 u4 e' J+ [7 c* ~ HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
6 i2 I" e& N" g3 L SysFreeString(bs);
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3 @7 I8 C- u5 W" _ if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;
1 E- w$ w% I% I0 x/ s Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;* s6 ^- l( S% A
if(v.IsArray())! |7 O# c# s" z
{
5 z( ^3 Y# U6 |; c& G7 M for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)7 \3 Z5 K% [* l. m( p
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
v. j" a# P& m. A if(!s.IsEmpty())
9 g( u6 \- T- S& {1 }2 q s+=", ";
* E$ f: f/ V7 o1 d! o2 q/ |; p; Z s+=VarToStr(a);) p% r: r) ?/ E# z* @. R5 Y) I
}
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else5 J. J- W& L+ w) D
{
5 W7 { B; f7 q6 q# R* n s = VarToStr(v);4 \. W% O) [/ I' C% g) t) K
}
2 ]( h- a1 ^7 b. O* j+ ^, t lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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- o) ^& a D/ n* @ VariantClear(&vValue);. k# k' v4 @3 f2 ?) L* l1 F
SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);- \. u5 D/ C4 i9 a) J: ]3 v
iEnumIdx++;2 `4 x4 t* N# |. x, V
}
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" ~: i) R- X K2 o) m% z; e, w if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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' w# K/ ^; ^) Y7 z( e6 _! ~9 \ if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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3 e) P0 [( f$ c1 u" J6 O, S if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();5 w0 [/ m4 {3 N1 M
}
, S5 y+ I I4 T" K if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------1 }$ d" O& [9 [6 N+ F
+ R/ S1 W/ L' X// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
! a+ I4 z6 M. m0 ]4 l' z. zvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)6 `+ x! t$ K8 P- u( m4 A
{
0 N& Q. x3 Z2 C! J/ B3 r Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");9 d& m6 F5 n- D! V
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");1 W* |6 j; t+ B* o9 @
Memo1->Lines->Add("");8 d8 ^) c# H* a, e0 o4 N
}
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6 H: M Q' r% z. NWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
6 ^# Y0 A* {, Z m& I Win32_1394Controller
" ~. T0 ^7 _/ l- `% ? Win32_BaseBoard/ E8 e5 ?7 A9 v: i
Win32_Battery
" Y# ?2 E/ s) \% l" W3 i' W" t0 y Win32_BIOS
0 g! |4 R8 J6 w+ R7 k Win32_Bus: w2 Z* } W& G4 V) U
Win32_CacheMemory0 z% ^& M4 @5 V5 N
Win32_CDROMDrive7 ]# I O- D% o% H M
Win32_CurrentProbe) ]) v4 c% L4 H7 m& P
Win32_DesktopMonitor, D# l7 L, [$ q3 C
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress9 r& k& }; d! w2 K
Win32_DiskDrive) o5 G% Z- O- T1 C: m2 Z( p
Win32_DisplayConfiguration/ p7 U l4 X1 N6 i M9 G( v' t# ^
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
5 Z8 k0 T, _- y$ ]5 q; ?) i5 e Win32_DMAChannel
# A& R6 O7 E3 j5 D1 ?$ V* G Win32_Fan4 B$ h- p6 ]' A0 t1 {1 m
Win32_FloppyController
) ^) I. F- B. }. j Win32_FloppyDrive
( i" [0 |' K$ Q& \ Win32_HeatPipe- A) J H$ \* K
Win32_IDEController
4 V* Y7 m' N M. e, i' d Win32_InfraredDevice- \4 ^4 s: ~7 N7 V6 M7 \, x
Win32_IRQResource
. I8 F; s6 Z( `' f9 v4 J: m Win32_Keyboard5 Q, D* l+ G3 G1 B# z7 K ~/ m
Win32_MemoryArray
- G. I! M/ G' t2 W9 ? Win32_MemoryDevice1 i7 r4 w) g0 R9 }0 R C
Win32_MotherboardDevice- i. {& d W! u9 l
Win32_NetworkAdapter1 H, m# p; U( M" h: Q7 S; w( }
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration) F3 p0 a8 C$ T, ?: N; S1 s
Win32_OnBoardDevice' z- P" z; U1 j8 ~ t$ ]$ M6 B
Win32_ParallelPort
# |. z- P2 R6 B# r5 w) T Win32_PCMCIAController
& X3 p4 ?# q X* S# U) G Win32_PhysicalMemory H* a. ~# }5 H, Q$ C1 s! ?
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray& ` f: Z+ s2 ]0 P$ b4 R
Win32_PnPEntity
' M5 L- u: D t" E Win32_PointingDevice# Q. @3 j2 Q6 z: h' p5 r
Win32_PortableBattery
3 ~. V3 q0 u9 s" B! ^) l |) N* C! | Win32_PortConnector; h& S% b% T- ]! m/ X. K! L
Win32_PortResource
) T; j% }) U6 R5 C* p( R Win32_POTSModem
+ }3 O! U8 z* ]* J/ a5 p ^8 H' C Win32_PowerManagementEvent. l% d3 x' O2 L" X$ K+ v5 W
Win32_Printer
0 Z% ?* ]& z7 m h) K, @ r' a Win32_PrinterConfiguration2 k N# h* j" ]7 i4 Z' B, H
Win32_PrintJob0 I1 v$ D* x$ ?
Win32_Processor
$ ^0 I$ Y, c% s5 D: F) S9 w Win32_Refrigeration
8 z; O+ ^1 k0 B) g) Y( |! i Win32_SerialPort- R+ F3 ]/ z' L) W+ l1 ^
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration0 m7 Y3 H. P! V5 N
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
% d9 B1 p' v. A# J$ E3 E, g Win32_SoundDevice- y! h3 ]9 c9 L( ~
Win32_SystemEnclosure
( s1 e6 _- H* c+ r2 w' m; h) i# W Win32_SystemMemoryResource
4 `$ z* E7 K5 V6 F Win32_SystemSlot
# J) X; Q8 o: r+ J2 {7 A) n3 ] Win32_TapeDrive3 ]" Z: x$ ]* t2 v0 T: c
Win32_TemperatureProbe
/ u9 \1 p7 g, P& J8 j Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
8 V$ n! `2 v3 C2 H Win32_USBController3 Y: q& I; P1 U- ]5 [' D$ S$ V
Win32_VideoConfiguration4 V6 b+ O) R/ ]& T4 m- z4 C' x' a( M$ ]
Win32_VideoController
, Q, S* J" |9 W, A6 | Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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