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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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/ _0 R# a" J7 y' TWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
$ m+ ~4 D/ N% M! k4 O# u: M$ ] 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
& T3 R: ^) y: q6 a& l 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。- O4 j7 ^# {$ b& B) S
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 " c: ~3 Z; d. h6 I$ Z* V
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5 C h3 H8 o s; ^- DBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面7 |' t: ?) P2 a7 o0 T( {
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9 t5 f. r3 @0 d7 Y( s/ y9 a① 初始化 COM 接口:
6 A$ t" g: E" C8 {. m$ `9 b 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
* Q! o) g& w6 G7 c; v' W* E. s 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
- F( I0 u1 a( t s! f* t! ] C CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);+ J/ j" d) J) M9 i
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。7 J' J5 t" q6 A6 y( q
6 t6 _, d6 ]; G `* R6 ^( b③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:5 V1 l8 { }5 I. s( V
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。. r2 w; Y) s0 a0 L& i$ S
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)+ q r+ _1 d) T2 a, X* q' J
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
9 N/ x- K9 [9 f, s$ D" x; R if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)2 w- j7 @; u0 q6 ^6 K8 L
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
+ m- V' p1 s& h8 K* M o; W WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
5 k [ p6 G3 \ if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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$ h' z7 f# b: X/ S1 ] IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
8 ^" X; D+ r T WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
. L" d% r+ I- _# \/ J8 Z8 C if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK), t. R r2 {5 q; z
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;3 }$ I! |4 f- H% x
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;. X) O& r0 `) Z2 n
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)) w5 n$ V$ c: X8 Q! t8 H9 e
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int iEnumIdx = 0;" N5 G% K- @1 \* G$ V/ i3 |( a
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)( R4 T. q* E9 T5 k8 C/ T: g2 v
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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, w/ m4 d( L7 _' @& i0 {) j SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
+ F3 W$ i2 n' l U# }; x if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)9 g q: T* H9 S; y
{
v5 Y2 \$ k' |1 Y: I7 D: ~ long vbl, vbu;
/ o2 k7 c/ Z0 T$ |, h; n. o! ?. _ SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);% B7 m# o7 S. A- }" O
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);! x; q, v1 |6 z ~( B( G
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)' Y8 g. W; v g
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long aidx = idx;
L4 E6 i5 F" f6 ?9 m$ h# w: w' d wchar_t *wsName = 0;
3 ^' U4 u! S D1 U- W! E1 U VARIANT vValue;$ V& G2 D: c, X+ M. `( u
VariantInit(&vValue);2 Y! e; U) L+ L8 @0 j7 @' b
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
4 i) J- h8 F' c* s. P HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
d1 S# [! N/ ~0 v, {# c SysFreeString(bs);+ q4 o; p. z2 A( F) ~ A( m4 y2 g
: A4 z" x# u5 W5 f% q: | if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;4 p9 ]0 m" ?, U
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
9 [! n* P6 |2 m+ d( H/ ^9 _ if(v.IsArray())
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# U4 }6 [/ I1 k/ H, C9 O( g, U3 @# l for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)4 d3 k. M1 R: s2 l, N: t# t
{
: n7 K$ J$ c9 ^6 C5 n/ I! W Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
- V: l/ Y% q2 o ] if(!s.IsEmpty())4 ?( _0 g9 j1 p# w! ^: r, b5 `
s+=", ";
) \9 e* v( ?3 M# w6 J$ c s+=VarToStr(a);' V( R9 ^! K7 q; Y8 ~ x) d
}
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s = VarToStr(v);0 j) N* f" d3 y; O( O9 g# p! b# q
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);4 o' N0 c W9 {6 I* F9 k. u, H! n, o$ p
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VariantClear(&vValue);3 _- R: f3 J" N9 O4 a
SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);1 }8 E% m- a' \/ U9 \8 `
iEnumIdx++; X0 ] t2 E! _% d+ w9 a, F
}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();3 t' J0 m1 j3 A6 ~' q
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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, V6 U% s: \, E( ?( \! u* m5 Q if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();' H1 d8 @- F9 f
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
3 w* m3 V* A9 \8 P1 \2 `2 v1 Tvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)/ t/ J$ q6 P0 }: q" T( M
{
" B; ^% j( {/ I% S6 g. Q Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
. L: l2 d3 C- Q4 Z+ G GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
7 R d4 [9 o& {7 U2 g Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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/ n$ m& B* r! `$ M6 Q0 j' f" BWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:' y$ h6 }/ R1 t) A1 x5 f; U
Win32_1394Controller
' x$ V7 Y6 _3 f6 q% U. w Win32_BaseBoard
% E$ \! x$ m4 Q5 y. R7 ] Win32_Battery- A- W9 o8 f5 V2 \
Win32_BIOS* \% v% i% e, k9 ^7 d D
Win32_Bus/ v. B& P0 L1 f0 z$ K
Win32_CacheMemory: Z& J! G# e+ e& _! T
Win32_CDROMDrive+ J7 a8 Z' D2 E1 m; L- y
Win32_CurrentProbe# S' f9 A7 b9 k+ n) \ K6 {
Win32_DesktopMonitor
1 ]! p3 \% a- _ Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
! n4 j8 j2 `% e/ U" a* R: W3 m1 Q Win32_DiskDrive! ?; I$ J8 [, n- k1 A0 u
Win32_DisplayConfiguration5 L& e7 L: n$ S1 g1 E4 K7 v
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
) J8 L2 X9 ]3 I Win32_DMAChannel, X* V6 l) E# | W! L( q" E) }
Win32_Fan+ Q, E1 X# ]0 j9 g
Win32_FloppyController
4 Y4 B4 l3 X" X Win32_FloppyDrive
, V. B& p2 q, b Win32_HeatPipe
& }/ c+ I3 w9 n+ }# O Win32_IDEController9 E4 Q2 l' X. A0 ~0 r: P
Win32_InfraredDevice
1 X9 W3 N1 b1 V* U* |! |0 o Z Win32_IRQResource
- M n% P" n/ Z) `, F Win32_Keyboard
9 l5 o; [: y, w$ t: U* N9 \ Win32_MemoryArray
: h* ]0 A( S c [0 _ Win32_MemoryDevice
# a; |6 U# _* Y$ G8 S; _4 V. @ Win32_MotherboardDevice
1 p7 j/ r' F% e7 ~; @8 ^3 W. P Win32_NetworkAdapter! q. ]3 a% o( ~" o( A. P, y
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration7 R m0 y6 b: n) U
Win32_OnBoardDevice
9 P9 e3 d. `9 J% l& ^) M( G3 ` Win32_ParallelPort
+ q# k* g9 m+ j+ w; D8 P+ J' R2 X* y& E Win32_PCMCIAController- U4 v7 [: Q0 m
Win32_PhysicalMemory
1 z+ d, `5 I- r( h. e0 c Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
* e( f4 }, ?, j+ g' H4 W Win32_PnPEntity
5 Y+ E# x8 N7 e; L/ w Win32_PointingDevice
& ]% Q, T; v3 s- x, h Win32_PortableBattery
# x9 z2 Y, H. [& W( G Win32_PortConnector* Y( B9 G/ A4 q7 ?/ A7 t& A' D; Q
Win32_PortResource& w+ m1 a3 F& E) J# M
Win32_POTSModem, o6 `# z& P! s- m; U# A$ E. S
Win32_PowerManagementEvent( X! Y; F8 I: y8 T: `# v3 W8 N
Win32_Printer1 P s) x" i- z' @0 U; S. u7 {
Win32_PrinterConfiguration0 r" S( x- p$ a( h- g/ S
Win32_PrintJob
9 s- ?! b9 e! t Win32_Processor% e; X) O& [$ Y+ A7 H
Win32_Refrigeration. C! U) |% ^4 ]! U4 x# B% k3 S) [ i ~
Win32_SerialPort& m# ?6 W6 g- _. A3 j, K
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
1 \3 `7 ]1 ]$ h9 Y" ?. L Win32_SMBIOSMemory
" t z* n- e/ w0 h/ n' O: J; ` Win32_SoundDevice4 Z. ~0 c! D9 K
Win32_SystemEnclosure6 f" I$ u1 x7 Q) D) D' [" s- K0 ~
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
, X, g" V: C! F% F9 v# s. z Win32_SystemSlot
( C/ F8 y) r% {1 n. d4 M; r Win32_TapeDrive/ I1 v: T- d" m4 E% {3 H% E
Win32_TemperatureProbe( |2 F3 E, t6 U5 E- U
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply* r( |( M$ R! x1 [' W ?! V. n
Win32_USBController; |, T& N) X! f3 z& X( d" w+ Q
Win32_VideoConfiguration
$ l) s4 V" Q2 c4 N* M Win32_VideoController
0 p$ n' d8 U8 a0 e4 U8 {4 s Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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