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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)- @+ X0 v. L% ?
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" F2 j: i7 W# ~WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
2 c5 s0 B" N, m" \, P2 ]* l 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 - ~/ r( d% p3 Q" z k$ y
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
# x5 t3 u4 D ^ a; S 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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# W7 T1 G; N6 G+ Q- F+ \' P7 [/ ?3 [BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
# r3 e5 H. v' @. A 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。+ w/ E! W$ Y$ f% Y1 R
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。. x% t: h& O' w4 A
$ t/ ^$ N' V% F' S* P' [② 获取访问 WMI 权限:$ g- o0 n: U& f) q
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
1 f7 S4 j3 G& P) H7 z3 v& E 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:9 n D1 y# Z! y3 K
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
# X) A9 B' D$ j0 d if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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/ Y* G# C- J s; K. F2 [ IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;, y! o8 s! L# u: C H
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");( I3 r Z" s9 {
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)3 ` ` W: y! D$ }! R; H
{
3 T# R- {; D3 [. W3 n6 m) c' s IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
% Z. b) ^! ^& m6 A WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;4 k X& c2 k9 E7 H5 n5 ?
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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& R. |& V- v" X( O o IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;' Q/ B. H$ B* \+ K8 N" p
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
8 e# B7 k4 c7 Q) e* S if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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8 A3 `/ c2 r7 ? y, W1 L1 ` int iEnumIdx = 0;# e3 | g8 N# Y2 Z2 ?9 A* s0 h
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)" p. O+ y1 r2 C& n- o j' l
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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7 w' z. f) T) c$ t3 H SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
7 u k* U2 v5 S4 q* ~; J/ x6 b if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;
' |1 H$ K) V$ P SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);8 I. B) G* d `( r4 n: y
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
1 j8 I( m7 q4 D, B: F! d9 Z( x for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)7 h1 a& ~- |- C3 `. E
{
7 h1 s( A7 P. l1 P8 T7 B long aidx = idx;
* |" \" Q/ R( F0 z2 H r; l wchar_t *wsName = 0;0 i- q0 s: R4 t. I% [5 n
VARIANT vValue;
, D2 D |9 R0 B) h6 a8 p2 C! k VariantInit(&vValue);3 h1 G6 g: a3 \: k9 Z6 V
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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2 q1 z" R4 n1 l# { BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
. y( l' j3 _' z8 I! e) \ HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
; w9 a( b3 v8 X9 n2 w/ _/ x SysFreeString(bs);
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2 [8 i/ h. `, t if(hRes == S_OK)0 U: t7 T) e/ g @
{
. m+ H3 ~: z: d% E( N H8 L. h8 I AnsiString s;
1 d0 I& J- ?3 z( B8 s, } Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
. o: B9 p( s+ \7 Y if(v.IsArray()); u/ U$ R! B) b& T' G
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)4 g* j& {7 M* b1 X+ g! U; e9 n
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);5 s5 e) N1 P9 J3 `
if(!s.IsEmpty())
{! r4 I8 O/ L( R7 j s+=", ";
* p+ g/ r2 H7 |4 \/ n! T s+=VarToStr(a);0 E, r: w# {+ Q/ o: c4 n
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s = VarToStr(v);
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, t5 ` v {$ @3 B lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);( Z. J4 r8 h/ X3 B; k% v
}
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8 \; f6 A r' M6 U, C VariantClear(&vValue);
$ U) ~: r6 r- D0 j4 Y SysFreeString(wsName);
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- l1 T0 g# ^- A* h: S v if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
0 @( y* ^) q! x; S7 l0 Y# O; u: A iEnumIdx++;+ X' g8 \. t7 h3 `: l$ O) w
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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. H3 L- \# P- {% e' M; N2 Y. o, b if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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9 D- e, W, _1 g* _ if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
% C- c7 p4 ^+ A, Nvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
+ z) Z5 x6 ]) ] GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");8 ]9 b! C! P% d( @7 e4 J$ j; ]
Memo1->Lines->Add("");+ W s0 T" S5 |9 E, W0 q! C
}
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7 ~/ J! m5 ~( mWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:. b. l9 m' `3 V5 E
Win32_1394Controller7 A) ?, \, Y) n, o6 y) C4 m
Win32_BaseBoard
. k3 _; R7 @0 R* B. @% c4 F Win32_Battery4 E0 B5 x0 b# h4 d- V
Win32_BIOS
" k+ C# X0 X: J: @$ s- } Win32_Bus7 s- k" { ^! K4 l8 f
Win32_CacheMemory6 v7 j/ P7 t0 ]8 Q# P8 k
Win32_CDROMDrive; C5 \: ^/ Q% E. R: I4 ?9 `
Win32_CurrentProbe
% r- s( c9 g* d# J6 M/ {0 I. D4 G Win32_DesktopMonitor& d% U9 G# h- m, L" b0 t' G8 ^
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress( n! h, | w. V( f$ L8 s
Win32_DiskDrive
3 I1 I1 P0 P" R0 ` Win32_DisplayConfiguration+ a _, e2 s' j+ J. _9 X, S& F( N
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration2 g3 a# Y7 o0 |4 j5 L
Win32_DMAChannel
8 e; h/ O g! {& z3 \ e) g Win32_Fan
: G; V& W' O: N& r Y7 I& t Win32_FloppyController
, J0 {9 Y5 ^/ K9 P9 h Win32_FloppyDrive
+ H* v; i5 o' _" Z: t% e p Win32_HeatPipe
0 }! T0 ? B2 d3 P9 _. A4 S5 k Win32_IDEController
3 ]/ S7 a9 H6 u0 r+ d/ K0 c! M Win32_InfraredDevice
( ]6 {( V# V' i0 j/ N) b' S- y Win32_IRQResource
* W7 f* |8 J0 a% z& |( N% Z Win32_Keyboard
+ z+ F- {; |& t; y& @! L Win32_MemoryArray
' [: F! V. D! S& V1 f6 A Win32_MemoryDevice
- H r- n& o4 Z9 M$ v4 e" }+ n$ o Win32_MotherboardDevice: d! P4 ]3 u, u' p8 P
Win32_NetworkAdapter7 M B# W3 \3 A, A$ g5 i( m: B
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration% T. n0 H5 o, C$ `+ ]
Win32_OnBoardDevice
! z! u* X1 w, a Win32_ParallelPort: J/ R; X5 j0 U z' I* I, [6 u
Win32_PCMCIAController3 K7 V9 p: i$ l% `% V; b2 B" F$ d
Win32_PhysicalMemory, X) B% A+ w3 o' h3 S5 I
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray- c' I4 b, U( J8 N
Win32_PnPEntity
H1 A- Y3 P; I, }; P1 f( @ Win32_PointingDevice( W; {7 J4 s& ^
Win32_PortableBattery
* u$ `/ Y: a T1 ` Win32_PortConnector
4 X! Q5 J# n* e# } Win32_PortResource* z# P S# ?, u6 g( @; v1 C
Win32_POTSModem2 V) f) U, k/ E* V4 |; n: U7 N
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
% [9 p% x* C5 x! C( ]' c/ L) v Win32_Printer
! T! U. Y j1 E# p) j) \: ^ Win32_PrinterConfiguration. Z1 c0 ?2 [3 Y! P P4 H& B& n
Win32_PrintJob' X9 a/ o; `( Z* X7 r: o! o/ S8 @
Win32_Processor0 Q# c+ Q! `8 l
Win32_Refrigeration& K* ~: Q: `: V: D3 A4 d7 X7 J) m; w) T
Win32_SerialPort
9 H5 v9 i4 I1 R3 X3 a. G Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
4 q8 `5 G! u5 _' j$ A* q+ T Win32_SMBIOSMemory( X, E1 F- g7 v/ W% Q( n0 ]
Win32_SoundDevice) p& C% _. f! ?. c8 K
Win32_SystemEnclosure
N) m7 S E; o3 {# v Win32_SystemMemoryResource
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Win32_TapeDrive
, i2 K1 |9 x8 D4 l* z Win32_TemperatureProbe
; Y4 m5 x, Y8 O, z. P Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
: F6 r6 g0 [7 ^0 f Win32_USBController
( g" a- x8 ?# ? Win32_VideoConfiguration0 w) {) t# s+ Y7 `, C1 P4 F: I
Win32_VideoController" q5 ^. T: ?5 _/ Z% f2 ~. Y3 ]
Win32_VoltageProbe
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0 H. N# O( M A* V以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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