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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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+ C. T) m* f G) B6 VWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
5 n' y% X9 |: ]7 Z. u4 @ 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
0 Z$ t# _4 w1 T: M 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。. \ w; s2 `8 n e, v
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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8 n c" }; W" m) s0 _BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面1 j& \# @) l3 s6 @) S. w
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
7 E$ x# ~2 `+ x. Y- g; s( P 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
6 G- A1 ~8 S2 H) z) I U' e 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
8 f9 E, a( N S% w* Y- n3 T CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);+ C0 W2 _; F/ Q6 g+ [/ q! `4 h, L
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。# C8 B `% m) C$ P5 j
$ o2 U# d" `9 P" L9 N$ p③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
" W; i- X, W2 z! o4 V( k 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。8 T! t( Q. o% g) x
1 L7 g5 A0 [3 G8 f5 m+ Y$ j( g9 Mvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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/ a: G" E; U! c! q8 ^ IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
2 c G& ?7 Q$ V! ] if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK) C. d% n- j, X. C
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
8 y i, ^9 D* ]2 D/ B# o) u WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
3 x% R6 O) F- x- Q1 b if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
- V! `$ p" P# a0 _3 ^+ l WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;2 v6 L1 M" l) r/ k: a( k" B3 j9 x: W
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)" E: [: }8 B o
{
; M/ N( \2 P& d. R h3 j5 y IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
% L$ m, i: V; g P: y5 @6 Z ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
7 f8 @1 z1 s. C8 @1 N+ o if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)$ t, L) j3 a0 H: ?+ g3 y- ~* Z
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int iEnumIdx = 0;" P5 O' B7 X8 s% D
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)" j3 S0 n5 I* a" q. @
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
% s1 w* w4 } T! C z, | if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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- @ t. T0 D! H long vbl, vbu;% a, L; @% z: P6 u( d8 r4 ]( j# F
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
4 ^& j3 L$ |: J% T# j SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
9 I: L" o0 U; c! Z for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)$ o& l% Y% f, A; y0 k
{
, N& w8 S6 Q2 x* { long aidx = idx;
3 D/ V3 j" \4 p, L! E wchar_t *wsName = 0;
' M% [7 u- o$ L: i7 N VARIANT vValue;
8 u# f# W) V3 J! E VariantInit(&vValue);+ N6 v3 d' ?1 J
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);: I+ I" ^+ [6 S7 F
. i: e0 ~: C$ F6 F7 B BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);% i# m1 X) {9 D$ |
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
- A, M5 ~+ p' g! J }( B& v SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;
- U! ]! x6 s2 x: @ Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
+ |: v7 Q! Z2 |- V# t3 ^" w if(v.IsArray())4 }* B ]( e# X6 U
{
2 U# L' O( D: ]$ I6 V# } for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);0 \. Y7 O6 |2 e' \) x2 `5 n
if(!s.IsEmpty())
. Y2 S$ ] y0 i* c, Y; K+ l s+=", ";
2 E6 c" I3 F9 _1 M* @0 P. } s+=VarToStr(a);
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s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);
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}
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
( S0 r/ o# L, x, H1 Q) }- ~. ?6 q iEnumIdx++;. A U: G: t0 C6 [
}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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$ }# g" g* M' W9 Y+ P if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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1 \- w" _0 \4 U2 k if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();# }. _7 W( \4 T7 N8 \
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();4 ]" o% M; d" V/ O. D
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:; m6 h! o3 x5 `* Z9 q
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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! } q1 \! F, E5 _ Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
; Z) ]% S4 m, q" ] GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
4 }4 @8 n* B, T3 I Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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+ O+ K6 A. N7 C9 {: RWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
, z' j1 {+ ^( N; ?3 v Win32_1394Controller4 r* o7 [4 e8 d% d! t- T
Win32_BaseBoard# J" G0 Z" N; [5 K
Win32_Battery
/ Y8 k1 F. R' C* v Win32_BIOS
7 ~" L/ G/ A$ G+ T Win32_Bus- q# V" L: n% v# h" ^- |
Win32_CacheMemory
2 q$ J! m5 E$ q% h* Y Win32_CDROMDrive `3 r Z- [: ^! P8 F
Win32_CurrentProbe7 @3 [3 ~5 v$ {& y' U
Win32_DesktopMonitor/ ~& p- ]7 L( ]7 O2 A6 }
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress. [5 [/ o" V& V4 O' |
Win32_DiskDrive
! f$ A# |. _$ N( C5 {1 l( K Win32_DisplayConfiguration6 k& a3 t, W8 q6 ?
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration, U i5 A! D! i( i( l- x
Win32_DMAChannel: K- f+ Q1 }7 s h
Win32_Fan
3 a& y$ l) J! J8 e Win32_FloppyController
% e3 k7 o6 L4 r, D* [, q( v4 ? Win32_FloppyDrive
0 j# h7 z' C; X# R Win32_HeatPipe
' r4 v i. K! ?% U) Z- ^ Win32_IDEController# L+ a' y! i6 E3 E# F) n5 ^
Win32_InfraredDevice
9 S: Q# u, b& J$ W& t Win32_IRQResource+ _1 K7 \0 Z/ \# X r {# h
Win32_Keyboard
. n, n5 \' Z; `# u: P Win32_MemoryArray+ y; ]7 _) S2 w: Q/ g s
Win32_MemoryDevice
) a" F+ _8 f P; ]7 g/ D9 m Win32_MotherboardDevice# u* P' ?; _9 {& t; `
Win32_NetworkAdapter
) F S/ \7 [) H* I Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
1 b6 j3 \$ V' w1 j7 Y* v& i) F Win32_OnBoardDevice
$ j# p! \& a5 D y/ H9 b3 ^! h [ Win32_ParallelPort' _. Q$ z6 m% P2 R( X9 L
Win32_PCMCIAController
8 L* m' |7 Y# d Win32_PhysicalMemory
: S4 q. @4 ? u4 c Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray8 l# }8 K' X3 `! w9 l0 H! s& T* W
Win32_PnPEntity
9 {1 c( D1 W/ A7 S( s& D/ j" o Win32_PointingDevice/ A4 _5 ~) K! T7 J
Win32_PortableBattery: Q# a% m* d' `6 Z7 |) i
Win32_PortConnector- p) T7 y o* V. g* T1 M" ]
Win32_PortResource
" {5 k/ y6 E& ~! x' H, W Win32_POTSModem
+ ^/ u4 @; l! T3 E: y5 e" I" u' N Win32_PowerManagementEvent
1 }- k# p- g9 a" j% g Win32_Printer3 i. u6 B9 L+ c: f/ t- b" Y8 |& [1 g9 y* k
Win32_PrinterConfiguration& p2 x% M8 N' P8 |0 ?
Win32_PrintJob" V( C2 y7 C; Y7 \* c8 M: u
Win32_Processor
; c9 b9 ~2 X* [0 U8 c Win32_Refrigeration( ^- r& I8 i( o T a9 U- C! _
Win32_SerialPort
9 G5 c% g$ a" f2 Z( X8 o Win32_SerialPortConfiguration' j$ K9 X5 R( x0 n
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
$ r- x! r6 q" T3 B+ U) `) E Win32_SoundDevice e8 m# d+ I+ L, M/ i( J
Win32_SystemEnclosure
8 N7 H) j( Y8 L Win32_SystemMemoryResource
g! X; K% D/ n) v Win32_SystemSlot W9 T! P0 n( }& y1 @5 ?7 X0 z
Win32_TapeDrive0 ]4 G3 [+ X0 ]4 Y4 q* ]
Win32_TemperatureProbe
7 |( v2 y* M: m Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply9 m( y9 z0 ]3 O7 Q
Win32_USBController1 ~& i7 f2 i. ~" u
Win32_VideoConfiguration( X% k/ {5 h# K& _0 r2 e7 o; a+ j' H
Win32_VideoController
9 C8 M: a3 l7 ]) p+ S Win32_VoltageProbe/ Y! Z; z0 ]0 T( I
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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