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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)* X" t5 S8 ?0 x. t9 X
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)- A1 @$ J8 W; U$ d' ] j3 Z
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 1 l) ^0 |$ h1 l. [
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
# c- i+ o! O: r# V' n9 v2 E% } 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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- w. s9 A% M8 d/ T- M) x( U6 FBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
- V' }2 J/ t1 J 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。. X. e. ]9 E$ D. f2 a( c1 W
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。5 s$ m& x5 A6 }% F# B
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
; v, F a6 [+ P$ j CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
- p8 C4 D5 E" r# ?8 g 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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. g' ^% r/ r$ g6 B9 Q1 D7 R③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:) f) z# w- j" G; w* E/ s# O" Z
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。3 }) `+ m5 C0 c
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass); }/ }6 c3 x* s& s0 ~
{
7 M( Z, i# P) Q% p* @( T IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;' V5 ?; D6 W" T& r
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;2 m, \0 _, W" b
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
+ C' H* x- L9 a' ], J if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)* ~0 l2 ^8 o, l' i+ K6 W
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
. ?: j; i W. k+ k! l WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;; Y0 ]7 o( Y6 t% }& _$ E2 o+ _
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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: v9 A( P5 \8 H' j; |0 E IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
0 P5 w0 F0 s5 I) p- M+ Q* ?1 ? ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;' u9 e) f, L. S
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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3 G: V/ P$ i6 |; ]. s8 Z int iEnumIdx = 0;6 n- {) q& |1 c }" G$ s
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)4 n& Q- j/ i/ G6 D) S) I t
{
( L$ u) f4 ]) V7 ^/ h- a lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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* F' m5 r1 S. k( @ SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;" X$ f( K* U4 P5 g+ C$ @, v
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)4 U% w$ |0 m* i" W( r" y0 h
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long vbl, vbu;
0 t3 z. N& I2 s- v: j$ P5 X' m( y" G SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);" {; \6 l" f1 x& o
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);. Y+ d" [8 i/ U4 t4 S. `& }
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)) v$ p5 `( ]/ q- v7 ^ `6 {6 F
{
& C3 P! z# C. A; f, g3 y6 B long aidx = idx;" S" r8 a3 L! y* r8 {
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
' e6 X2 J9 J' Z1 n" k% A2 o W8 a VARIANT vValue;, ?8 f. y, g/ U3 S: Y2 J
VariantInit(&vValue);
/ n! z! g8 J4 o) k p SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
& U& }! k$ p# W" S* v- d HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
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if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;
7 k2 E3 C: S) ^. H* I; m% z9 p' O Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
$ ?) @) t# f. |$ t0 x if(v.IsArray())( M/ P$ `1 I# G( H
{
* A" a) Q/ Y: ]5 u2 P1 p2 J for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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6 @' M4 A( `2 ^- }2 s$ j# |# V8 h Variant a = v.GetElement(i);+ i' z0 v" o6 K2 H8 ]' F5 z
if(!s.IsEmpty())
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s+=VarToStr(a);
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s = VarToStr(v);
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" D% ~' A4 n5 b% X" v9 a! f lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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7 |7 m6 o q" e% T VariantClear(&vValue);; C( _ S9 c l2 ^$ F- Z5 G
SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);5 L; j( q8 l; F# A) r% B
iEnumIdx++;& n" K) @/ G0 g9 \; e$ o
}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();* l" h+ `6 _( B
}
" W4 e6 F# {% V5 u/ i if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();$ {$ ?; x8 F P5 \
}
$ N) M8 j) C8 B0 U& T$ H7 ^ if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();5 Y2 F" N$ r7 U9 d X1 i* O3 E( p
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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+ q0 c% V; R: n- w. B S//---------------------------------------------------------------------------3 P4 I. `3 K# r
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:* K( [* t( D2 |& Z% Y- o/ V
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
. q! ^; R6 ?8 ` GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
0 d u7 n$ d! [) n- C) p Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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; S( P2 q) s7 SWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
9 B& U5 i/ R+ y0 X6 w! I" m Win32_1394Controller
& U& }1 ? j1 x5 ]6 Z Win32_BaseBoard
0 f* p" ^5 f. A Win32_Battery6 k. o' G) @& W
Win32_BIOS
0 R, b" s( M/ e5 c4 [ Z* E% P Win32_Bus
$ M3 B$ h O& ? E/ Y Win32_CacheMemory6 l( i! R: [( k& _; X: L
Win32_CDROMDrive7 f0 I6 T# @1 A+ D' w4 o
Win32_CurrentProbe/ j: N8 d' y- \1 y3 D5 c! Z A
Win32_DesktopMonitor% {. M1 _2 K3 l4 v" k
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
- r+ _2 w% B2 b, V6 @( J. q+ p Win32_DiskDrive
, R C+ u' R% L* |1 | Win32_DisplayConfiguration
V* |& h! ^1 W# s9 D* C$ v& l Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
( u, }8 p# J1 K1 n( M Win32_DMAChannel
7 H0 {# n: x7 t. G4 V Win32_Fan
7 G; [) G! i0 m" W" I" Z Win32_FloppyController
0 D! Z, {& H+ n Win32_FloppyDrive
% b7 m' I6 j4 }& {$ a! t Win32_HeatPipe& b, s% [, I0 R7 P1 a
Win32_IDEController
& z" p' O+ m8 K8 m! H% X' j+ \ Win32_InfraredDevice
, |6 h: t6 V( u2 H, z0 ^0 Q Win32_IRQResource [% b3 x) x6 V* |9 f n
Win32_Keyboard+ ]5 U N$ m7 F/ I0 u- U6 \% K
Win32_MemoryArray1 |6 d3 M9 E4 Z; b) V
Win32_MemoryDevice4 B, Q0 Q; Q- R& ]; [1 d* E
Win32_MotherboardDevice8 U8 O9 ]! B( U) G
Win32_NetworkAdapter
E$ V3 I$ D. C. W! N# k Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration7 }8 F7 I# N- T7 u- {
Win32_OnBoardDevice/ X3 k6 }! }& ^/ X
Win32_ParallelPort" m+ G9 D# K1 _
Win32_PCMCIAController
. o7 R9 ~ E# y( y/ J Win32_PhysicalMemory
; b$ ~7 I, Q' E6 k$ z; _! U. T Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray) f' o3 K/ g6 I/ ?" S/ C# N
Win32_PnPEntity: ~$ P( `" d0 \! O0 r4 k
Win32_PointingDevice
8 Z' t5 N- A; I# g0 N( B0 r Win32_PortableBattery, A8 g, p" Z& b* S" `0 a2 s0 j& `
Win32_PortConnector5 p* |/ g7 `; h: L( V5 Q
Win32_PortResource
* p% f' \. W5 F& H* T Win32_POTSModem7 k4 y$ F! D6 R2 V3 D2 @
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
9 ?" E# R3 O1 x5 X+ w5 U8 a Win32_Printer
8 V- _; ^: F. Y3 i Win32_PrinterConfiguration
$ i- O* _4 I/ V* n2 w0 l5 J$ Y Win32_PrintJob3 u8 D! y' f6 o1 P: t
Win32_Processor
2 E9 K5 }; E& [3 t4 a" q& Q: s Win32_Refrigeration
% V# X( V' D0 G1 e7 _5 | Win32_SerialPort
& R0 G: ] j6 n d* \ Win32_SerialPortConfiguration! v7 ~7 L" u& A/ Q
Win32_SMBIOSMemory$ t! H4 ~( `/ q/ b. q8 p, q
Win32_SoundDevice
! T( d- F2 m9 J8 z9 p# A; n Win32_SystemEnclosure4 Z* b( ^! g5 |( i7 d/ s# v
Win32_SystemMemoryResource# u/ g1 t/ ^ t! A
Win32_SystemSlot2 a$ t3 ^4 M) c# y! l
Win32_TapeDrive
2 e _4 \( s; f. W Win32_TemperatureProbe
0 n, J/ t0 N) a( G! P1 _ Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply h6 g7 `+ }7 W! A5 f8 h4 F5 W: s
Win32_USBController
. M. q* _2 ]! w; C Win32_VideoConfiguration4 G: |- A. v3 i3 H: ~# \
Win32_VideoController
3 d/ j6 m' M ~% x6 C8 v& M2 G0 ]# S Win32_VoltageProbe7 \0 U) h$ |& d8 p
- t3 \2 r, h/ n/ x# b( y( |9 g" F以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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