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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)0 ~2 _& d* E$ k
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1 v" z% ]* h2 D7 l5 _- o' b9 nWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)2 ~9 h9 E; J; } @# `" u. B
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
6 ]9 B1 c* q4 l/ n2 G0 W$ q8 U) d9 f 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。% D0 l1 `( Q. X, i. @3 B6 Y
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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. f. v$ {/ d9 qBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面1 a |) Y* P3 ?. }" N
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
( `% h8 ~! c! w 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。0 g8 y- g1 ?3 Y
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。# |# X7 M: R7 a' o" x; d# M1 [
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:1 l' |( V" p8 m* w2 y& H
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);4 w/ K, a8 }' J+ N3 T# m
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
* `1 A0 E2 x+ r$ ] 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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6 f- z3 C( \2 x6 q8 Uvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)2 P8 L( M J* n
{
8 B. }; j* c) Y6 ^ IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;: U( D0 e1 y f' t
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)8 x. o" Q' H) P% w! A% t/ u; A
{
f5 H/ t( C2 ?' O IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;& ?% B7 c- D8 m
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");3 v, M& Y9 ^! s/ v% n/ S
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
% d! {1 ]" | |+ O: a WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
' q* h3 Q' Z) u if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)" z/ X, @7 t0 ^. j" M" N: ^7 E
{
$ p e1 v% f& J! ]) b IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
, k( L; | R$ f6 ^ ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;- F% C( j, f5 i
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;
2 o' [* |$ O% }% W6 }4 n while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)2 m* r; C; b/ b' j- B* @: G2 E
{
5 \9 ]4 s1 f. ~0 T. h% T' i lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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* w1 h! i; g, v; M' f SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
# P5 X3 L y: B$ N3 I: p if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)& c9 N5 \0 V9 A
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long vbl, vbu;
3 t) z# p% r# d# E y SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);0 @9 f+ I8 {; l+ I& a C; h8 g
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
0 y: z2 n! O; M- o8 d$ m1 O for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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3 ^" u7 q* x4 I% m. p: q long aidx = idx; \- q- M4 F9 S9 {9 O4 I9 P6 R
wchar_t *wsName = 0;4 e2 Z8 Y1 E! M' t2 f
VARIANT vValue;9 [9 _2 }! o7 D) u5 Z# m; a
VariantInit(&vValue);
4 F# X. M a) T8 E" {' V) h. b SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
* G. I; y" }/ x& h, W HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
6 i2 Z7 J. U7 I, m' Y. r. i SysFreeString(bs);
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" e' [+ { r" n2 Y; ~4 E4 N if(hRes == S_OK)
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/ D6 e" T" A5 ~ AnsiString s;- Z& ~. R0 `" c" l% |: M
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
, A& m3 @7 s3 z: h$ D) }0 s$ q if(v.IsArray())
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- J" w4 r, F! _/ U8 s1 N for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i); Z* k1 Y/ @/ r2 n
if(!s.IsEmpty())
+ k+ u2 |: N' P2 M% J s+=", ";
, g- D- C; Q' Q2 r: R3 U( @' g s+=VarToStr(a);# f, s7 @3 V% K7 Q
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}
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s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);, ]3 [2 g( l+ x7 V6 q* l. [
SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);% a% c% F$ [- ?! Q7 A- j+ d
iEnumIdx++;; @+ Z+ b5 a" u5 P. a
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}
# W1 @! Q3 O6 Z' k if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();0 V/ A) G0 \7 s3 [' S8 O2 J
}
6 `! l; X6 B3 }' l if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();5 a' K3 ~( c5 L! J G- n4 o
}
( T& F8 d+ Y' X5 C' N5 ` if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();# w. J a* y8 W" r
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();+ t4 J% w2 z) N. s
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------! W4 e' P) |! e% F1 V% @
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
: d8 T8 P0 c* [. l) m2 g) dvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
1 R. ?7 h9 E3 g% r1 R GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
5 w/ o$ K* O6 p3 Z Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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2 _1 I0 A5 |+ ^7 [3 tWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
8 n3 c- R$ o/ }( O Win32_1394Controller# b g, P2 _! K* `4 t, Q. {, l
Win32_BaseBoard
+ [1 D! N: _ G) _1 l Win32_Battery
T. x- e9 v2 a! J Win32_BIOS
7 x j1 Q! j" {+ s( v Win32_Bus8 j9 X* q2 C& ]6 Z! h7 l0 x
Win32_CacheMemory
# f8 X8 C' n3 H4 Q d0 r s3 D' ^+ Y/ c Win32_CDROMDrive, m. Z3 e! @& z; P0 `; J e
Win32_CurrentProbe3 L& P; \$ z% n6 K' L
Win32_DesktopMonitor. Z' O* v7 R9 A" A; W. m% d
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress, r& Z" }8 ~. ? g1 t/ r6 E. p5 T
Win32_DiskDrive8 ~& g1 G8 j2 P q! v. w
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
; b2 I6 H3 z; x4 [" r# n4 a0 z Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
" V; q f, G$ k8 A6 V Win32_DMAChannel9 x' g! G( b/ R2 k
Win32_Fan
! u, F# F7 n) w# e. l) ~ Win32_FloppyController5 f5 U& g. E" z$ C+ e
Win32_FloppyDrive
- |5 B6 N, ?' g3 P: S& D; p! ` Win32_HeatPipe
' \( P/ o& a3 T9 w$ p% g9 F' v5 V" ^ Win32_IDEController, J8 D; T: U; f2 X
Win32_InfraredDevice5 x3 H4 W: R; y1 x R- d. l/ z! ?
Win32_IRQResource
; ]- R" C" k# O c- E' ] Win32_Keyboard5 B1 Q7 K4 J) B: V" p2 }
Win32_MemoryArray
/ J6 E7 ~& Y7 f- l& p Win32_MemoryDevice
' z( ]; G/ v( G: E5 A6 W6 ~ Win32_MotherboardDevice$ Z; ~! B+ g( [& F, D
Win32_NetworkAdapter
- w0 k7 g* r& V, ? Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration% Y6 r. A* V8 @8 N( w# S
Win32_OnBoardDevice
! P1 f" a$ W* j Win32_ParallelPort
7 ~6 b; `3 f3 C, }$ v Win32_PCMCIAController
2 J' v4 C) e4 q5 H Win32_PhysicalMemory+ X( L/ Y9 {2 `3 a; b
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
" C" x: z( \! G7 {0 | Win32_PnPEntity
8 a, `* A* F0 @" S Win32_PointingDevice6 S6 h+ C! x& u- k9 S5 ^. f
Win32_PortableBattery3 E+ ]/ R: Z+ Q5 E- n# K
Win32_PortConnector
: N$ e$ `* y U/ N, `# N" i3 Y Win32_PortResource
; V+ I- N+ M. T- X1 S; O Win32_POTSModem- @2 N! i6 n/ F
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
% q4 ]; R4 x" f! g Win32_Printer
6 D. A5 M$ E; d3 R' D Win32_PrinterConfiguration' M( D3 R' o- @8 S( a( Q, A
Win32_PrintJob
9 m$ I8 c# q8 b0 _2 x5 v Win32_Processor
3 }: r" S4 {9 t: T& o4 J Win32_Refrigeration7 c- X+ G8 S# d( _' V
Win32_SerialPort
# }$ h l. @$ |5 d( A Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
: r G& O& V- `$ D6 _" y! i Win32_SMBIOSMemory
% K7 N6 x# R" I+ ~2 f Win32_SoundDevice, y$ x5 Y" A t( J5 A1 P
Win32_SystemEnclosure
( q# w/ e; N8 n1 a Win32_SystemMemoryResource# k7 G3 u, [( f* V
Win32_SystemSlot) J1 [9 H3 q* l# O
Win32_TapeDrive
8 h) q4 V; ]! e5 A6 N* T; I5 t9 K Win32_TemperatureProbe0 {! M Q# |. ]9 d8 U/ p" U+ O
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply) L1 {. k% n9 z% k8 c
Win32_USBController+ [. x0 W$ h/ O2 m* Z/ t( r' ]. u
Win32_VideoConfiguration
6 u% r% E* u/ J! ]5 l* U Win32_VideoController/ b6 n" e$ [- r- M% w& S3 g
Win32_VoltageProbe6 n. d5 g T* J- n" [. f7 _' f
+ }3 v# W0 u! ]2 B以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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