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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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" d, y1 _1 _: S |7 @* i! |WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)" [. s1 ^; ~$ p2 i
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
: W' w0 K& i; C! O: N- ` 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。( ?! m* C, ?, z: U0 `* q) G
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面0 \( A6 H& s2 `
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2 \; f8 w% l) h8 R① 初始化 COM 接口:
* w8 }) m3 x, v- }! T 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。* q* V0 i# w& ?( V8 Q. Z. R- O
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。2 _6 [ R, A" n8 J3 W. D' b2 ^, z0 m
+ M1 t `# f- o# l1 E( J; I6 i" C② 获取访问 WMI 权限:$ O. A& I" R ~* Z8 H. M
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
: B' J; ^* ^6 H7 O 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:8 k! _) ?4 S' z! m: t9 x
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;' M! \6 O# L, o- b0 _
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK), A+ u8 y. V6 v2 d/ L! Z. m
{
! S, b. a8 G" m0 T: S/ i0 R+ A IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
$ J- u, p. P5 |5 x WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");5 S& V5 P6 o. \
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;2 }/ y4 i5 P% Q0 s
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;# A* R% C V. r E- j& E; b4 ~- K
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)( a% Z! Z/ \) U+ y- p# Z
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;, j6 o8 U. m% T* r2 g! i, r
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
! k: U4 \8 T+ K0 d" s7 ^) q7 i if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;
" b7 E" E* C! d while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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& P, b- x; H2 X K5 ]6 ~1 B( I SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
9 r; n6 M; q+ s# ?3 Q if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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7 r/ K6 X- q0 f2 e0 B( J( q, j long vbl, vbu;) k& M, }+ c; |8 Q$ \% p
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
8 J: d1 e/ y' J SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);" P/ ?& g. C" b
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)5 ?4 K* ~* Q) }9 r( H. S; j5 A
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long aidx = idx;6 l `2 P# |1 V5 e% P# p
wchar_t *wsName = 0;5 S! p7 e3 J! n7 v
VARIANT vValue;5 e8 C# z1 L* r7 o7 L
VariantInit(&vValue);
+ i4 z8 ^7 @3 g SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);" L7 I6 w) j2 O/ q' u L% {
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);/ @1 a& Y4 j3 C( ~$ o: A& m$ q# `
SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)4 z) N0 n& r- [
{
, k1 @$ K+ y- z7 P4 S+ ? AnsiString s;
+ H/ d k4 _& J7 K, @ Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;# w& T0 K( \1 D, X( [
if(v.IsArray())
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# `/ V y5 J6 F for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);* X( a8 s- Q+ B* `5 F: a# ?
if(!s.IsEmpty())5 e6 B: }5 H9 K, I1 ^; B
s+=", ";! N% M H# i. P( Z
s+=VarToStr(a);
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else
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% C% `& n8 _+ P8 D# N s = VarToStr(v);2 b& E! C3 i# W* H& n& K
}
( R+ @( U( \0 B( G+ ] lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);) V0 i7 G- I5 P
}
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( |0 T$ h2 C# [6 q0 _ VariantClear(&vValue);1 }& M' s2 t9 I$ Z- ]7 K
SysFreeString(wsName);
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}
8 H( H: d0 Q' @$ b; ^% b+ m% u if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
; z; F9 z ^5 ^$ U) Q iEnumIdx++;
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T, P: {0 n$ [ o* X$ x if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();5 v# a& M/ Z3 M# m# G& R
}
# u) I# R# ?$ t0 G! z5 R2 e5 v if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();9 g0 p" `& d( L
}
2 @! D. M2 p) n. w2 L7 a6 N if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();, ^$ O1 H4 H- |/ T% x* ?
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();* r3 V* J: U* i! f5 ~
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:) X z9 K9 M, p s% } L
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)' B( @/ @" ?3 J. \# D5 X
{
# c& t# S+ J2 u: z3 s2 S Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
6 n& O! t0 d, N* n5 E6 ^0 U GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");9 ? R* ~3 C0 }5 t2 W3 G& b0 C6 x
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:) f. J. t! k, m% n
Win32_1394Controller
$ ^9 F! S3 r- Q Win32_BaseBoard
! u* y! Z2 Q0 C9 S- f Win32_Battery
" p9 r m) I! w) A( b Win32_BIOS
( |7 |% o1 {( `2 f) h, ] Win32_Bus" Q2 Z- [0 r3 G; r A+ [% R5 I
Win32_CacheMemory
2 L) E. Y! a) F1 R& C: i Win32_CDROMDrive
' I. X s: m. P1 @ Win32_CurrentProbe3 y6 [! I: c/ `
Win32_DesktopMonitor6 T3 t1 a* N8 R' ]* G" Q
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
' V! O$ b9 ^, }4 B9 k7 \( ] Win32_DiskDrive
2 \3 R; h8 I8 b4 D Win32_DisplayConfiguration! R1 N, D- E: i7 F2 @# F' t
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration+ Z* |0 H0 _& y& ~
Win32_DMAChannel# p9 D3 c0 E8 j5 g
Win32_Fan
4 P) ~* h* u5 n/ z& A5 ? Win32_FloppyController I: g9 Y. Q- E; z5 E$ d% q/ ^
Win32_FloppyDrive
" j" ^3 p5 l9 h3 v Win32_HeatPipe$ T& e5 @) B/ l4 O7 Y$ n
Win32_IDEController2 H3 s) d% J8 x, K5 ^# c& ?: u6 _
Win32_InfraredDevice
: }% s8 F# \7 Z+ \2 T/ i( i Win32_IRQResource
0 ], M( _/ }7 F8 l; l Win32_Keyboard8 u) |" ]3 Y8 S
Win32_MemoryArray
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Win32_MotherboardDevice
8 y) H/ x1 r/ p1 U; A- d Win32_NetworkAdapter
+ F7 C( P4 ?5 X& d; G+ F3 X3 a" W" \9 P Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
5 J, F+ P0 G) J; g$ F1 } Win32_OnBoardDevice
1 @$ r; E$ `. E6 @8 V Win32_ParallelPort
, y. p6 ~5 G K) l% Z2 o" Y Win32_PCMCIAController' ~- u! i) G$ w) |% K6 ]
Win32_PhysicalMemory z; F, V& c& l- ]: Z' _, k; u
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray1 M4 Y7 F N2 `; O* Z4 w2 J; I. @
Win32_PnPEntity. |) c$ i- d1 `' ~4 ^* F+ l
Win32_PointingDevice: z' ^( E3 {+ k7 i- l
Win32_PortableBattery
5 r$ U# }; v* \" i* Q7 S7 \# z Win32_PortConnector3 N9 \$ }2 ~+ [# }$ M9 n( i9 v0 [& P
Win32_PortResource8 d7 @: d* c' j" S$ k4 a) `
Win32_POTSModem, Z: L n4 f' V$ \# I; H' k. E) g
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
" b8 N& C5 g4 l* g Win32_Printer
% C8 v0 s$ h4 @% `3 i. i1 O* P Win32_PrinterConfiguration: w1 [; N( w( K$ B. k. n6 h
Win32_PrintJob
; S& o& f4 A9 Y* ~ Win32_Processor
( l X; T) _5 q! |, j: S Win32_Refrigeration
3 |( O' y9 @5 l" r6 | Win32_SerialPort4 T* f& k2 m2 L) \
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
5 A8 v4 I: e3 q: `) x; K Win32_SMBIOSMemory
" L8 F+ h' p; b* L8 o7 { Win32_SoundDevice
9 a9 |8 m9 s @9 b& R/ j/ i+ j6 { Win32_SystemEnclosure
( x9 M! `& V$ Y& Q0 X Win32_SystemMemoryResource
( u. b8 \: c8 r o2 U Win32_SystemSlot# Q1 p& `. ]+ Q
Win32_TapeDrive
# o2 W5 \. J: E( E$ l8 b Win32_TemperatureProbe+ ] T. Y _! U6 L6 K
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply5 `, i, N1 Y" V/ K
Win32_USBController
, t( j2 e4 l! J! n4 Y f Win32_VideoConfiguration
& `( m: r2 z9 W [ Win32_VideoController
+ J1 f% k8 I9 x( A ^! ^+ L" m Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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