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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者): G) E" A# {9 h1 F0 y; w
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具), C3 {. ?( N% }) X3 @: x, E
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
. J7 y. o/ v" @ 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。+ Z5 c8 t g4 w4 ?+ A: B
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 ) F4 G$ c: L* m* f3 m8 r% }
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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2 F/ D e( Y( ~! m: F9 m2 ^9 l4 G① 初始化 COM 接口:# [6 V: n3 I9 m ~( ]
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。6 K5 g. U: l! V4 n# f
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
1 h/ y4 d9 Y! v: R { CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
( R$ e( C9 ]& u8 q% G* I. D8 m 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。6 \! ~( A) D4 k4 s- l3 i
& _7 e7 c# Q- I! P5 a) ]③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:5 Y; K* B& r: D7 T
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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$ ` \0 ?. K$ g: _# Z2 c6 Gvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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/ K7 P- G$ z F- L& `# D" S IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
# i% X: I& Z q, d! j if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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& ?0 A2 i0 y" x) L( G) w( H* o IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;, o/ w# E2 X' L4 A7 H0 W
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
, j, w! [+ D1 C$ W, ~' t9 l if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;. F9 @; g& c2 `! m+ x( W
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;. q; {8 M. ?/ n; Y% t6 d4 m' |
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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# e( P" @6 K0 o IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;) K8 i: E/ v4 c0 H
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;5 W$ O: y8 k4 ~" v* |
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK): |+ r8 \: W5 y8 ^- H6 G' S$ y" t) y0 g
{
1 y: ]7 N1 z, q( R( d1 V int iEnumIdx = 0;
3 j- n4 y0 O) J5 |4 P( _ while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)/ V6 M$ D: P& e
{
* S! @. ?& ]" y- @ lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");4 i) ?& f7 q% a; s/ Y! ?
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;9 O- z2 E# P3 M9 q: e
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)0 Q6 S0 E! J& u0 R/ R* y2 V
{
% F( t1 n; {4 S3 J1 f% T long vbl, vbu;
; W: h' y1 E0 u5 ~ SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);, V( ]. W7 k/ |- e' Y4 B5 y
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
9 E" Z3 ]8 j, k) m1 P0 ~; j for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)/ ^0 a+ v6 S) f3 W& r
{
D. M; n: O5 C. Y3 w& V0 ] long aidx = idx;* g. A( R5 u& v; W
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
- `& o0 c+ |- C3 m8 O/ | VARIANT vValue;& j: Z) s. Z/ a3 {1 U
VariantInit(&vValue);# u* v; w9 P6 b& Q
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);; s; ^2 {7 N3 C1 q
5 b# Y$ G( j1 `/ G# V0 [ g BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);* k1 {5 l! k- a% X
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);" n6 G- B4 _2 F. P
SysFreeString(bs);
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& _3 C% ~+ a& ?# y/ M% p4 q. S! _ if(hRes == S_OK)
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- A# r! j$ f) T AnsiString s;" A" c# z& |5 G! [$ ?
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;. K: f d$ _6 R
if(v.IsArray())% d6 G2 k( i2 @, [
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++). r/ J* q# K* @, I3 O, y7 `4 B
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
/ v" S+ e5 t1 b if(!s.IsEmpty())
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s+=VarToStr(a);
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}
" z) f* H* J$ U% `* r5 y else
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7 N0 a' X( s- u! [3 b7 V s = VarToStr(v);- J/ z7 ` I0 I% X
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);
3 m5 z ]( A6 U* l( s" _/ C- j1 N SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
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}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();/ V" J5 A% ~; O) E( f
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();* X* n: I6 W6 f W/ { T
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();1 d. z7 k, R& I/ _6 C
}
/ h1 k5 T% V, W' k& | if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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( }3 a) n* N: G7 @; X5 e// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
+ `% O5 i2 z i- Evoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
+ X/ `) U) n! O! j GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");: M% D& Q$ J5 X3 J: t# q/ K: f: V$ J
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:8 Q \& j7 g4 A$ M
Win32_1394Controller7 x4 f: k8 F0 ]' V! w
Win32_BaseBoard% o9 h2 B' Q' j
Win32_Battery
8 m5 G# D. S: ` Win32_BIOS
3 D1 f9 @( i) v/ O n4 ^ Win32_Bus
7 f0 j/ W; E. c$ k( h+ } Win32_CacheMemory
% m+ o3 Q% J% z! D Win32_CDROMDrive( j0 x8 N4 m* W" {4 r
Win32_CurrentProbe
7 c; K4 w9 W D$ S; M+ T Win32_DesktopMonitor
, V5 o( q+ U! H6 C Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
! g4 d1 b. t" z- P% H1 }1 X! v Win32_DiskDrive3 t3 F; O( {% t9 E7 j* D
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
" V% l; }0 Q$ E5 e Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
- }: ~7 W4 k7 k7 |! O Win32_DMAChannel6 Y. J2 k* \8 Z/ h$ x+ Q
Win32_Fan
( s( J! ]3 \; L4 X0 p8 c Win32_FloppyController
1 u7 y9 C1 P4 ^7 { Win32_FloppyDrive- ?7 i' x; D- w$ k" |5 ^/ K
Win32_HeatPipe
F$ T' [- Q; [$ i Win32_IDEController
$ C* u' [9 z2 x: e! Y {% y$ l Win32_InfraredDevice, N w; I) c( t6 m/ ?3 S
Win32_IRQResource
9 A( F; c% Z/ b( a9 U5 g3 d" ~3 d Win32_Keyboard% L# z5 @ E0 H1 Z+ i
Win32_MemoryArray) ^3 m+ Q, e% K4 m5 N+ n
Win32_MemoryDevice9 G6 F& W/ _8 S7 g1 v6 G9 z+ q
Win32_MotherboardDevice
1 d' G% f, i' [6 U& _) N' u Win32_NetworkAdapter
5 a0 }& n" [; |2 S- N Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration# t4 X, F6 ^4 b% K- M/ d9 g* q
Win32_OnBoardDevice) N; v( K& ~4 R
Win32_ParallelPort7 v, E1 f( \' X8 j% l7 U$ o: }
Win32_PCMCIAController9 J* k0 z* Z2 L5 A$ m& N0 a
Win32_PhysicalMemory5 f" @+ X' F6 ^% o
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
4 J: t7 ?9 j& |/ H( S4 q+ j Win32_PnPEntity
! \ x% }2 B9 S2 ^: _1 b, g Win32_PointingDevice
\9 R' v8 H. x9 v. D Win32_PortableBattery
. \$ g" R7 n2 n% K% v! h( L: P Win32_PortConnector
5 O* [! T# f' u& k: o. i3 R0 X9 W8 n$ y Win32_PortResource' R. m/ D0 H; d" D0 ]; d
Win32_POTSModem' ^' N& c0 _9 o2 t
Win32_PowerManagementEvent: }( j% {3 ^# s1 ]0 O/ x1 b
Win32_Printer
# n# q; Q5 W2 w9 A" Q' W Win32_PrinterConfiguration
) ~7 ?& M; n4 a- S2 S. z+ o Win32_PrintJob
* b8 [* x6 a3 J+ H) E. V! y Win32_Processor
/ k5 k0 @% O# G+ K Win32_Refrigeration
, V# ]8 W8 C/ ~6 [3 x1 k7 I* ], Q Win32_SerialPort
. ^" ?) U5 g$ H# b4 Z Win32_SerialPortConfiguration7 z h& H: v" ? _: y: T- X) f
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
6 l1 x+ r; K: W4 X1 d- E/ H Win32_SoundDevice) b3 I) Z7 r/ B" R, }/ E7 w
Win32_SystemEnclosure
+ `4 Y/ t1 W- u, ?; ?/ Q1 x8 N Win32_SystemMemoryResource
; ?! v( V* E9 \- a Win32_SystemSlot+ C, |4 s! }# D. F
Win32_TapeDrive1 R, ^# W. B" n$ p
Win32_TemperatureProbe$ |0 Z' F: g9 H3 Z9 z( A
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
9 b* ]" W( q/ y! @ Win32_USBController
* D7 w9 S3 @* \0 K$ ~( e Win32_VideoConfiguration' @! L9 |/ g E* b7 H+ Y2 A$ O
Win32_VideoController
5 x/ o( y8 g# a0 k3 Y% U( m Win32_VoltageProbe6 c- x) |2 J x
* q2 f% `7 A! y' _) J$ X( I以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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