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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者). G. ^8 i- J5 i+ v) L: g
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
$ l, A& u) w b& A3 [ 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
?4 b: J5 h# W4 F: D N0 U g& j2 [ 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。1 x) ]) m! c1 Y& X, c3 W5 W
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 ) n: D. y1 v7 R
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% x" M4 g1 j% K) e8 ~1 JBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面/ O0 s+ s6 g* c: V7 n l
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
& d8 ]0 e; C, r. |# @% I 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。9 t4 u/ r5 d* f3 w' T, v0 O" x/ _
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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: M G7 J/ l& F/ T0 }0 M6 g9 F2 b' R& t② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
& r. F7 ^% R' ^' W8 y1 { CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
: T1 |$ Y, P* t2 r 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。2 d2 |+ y' L# o3 d
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:" a v1 x7 p1 [5 W6 B- ^
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。+ c9 P. x$ O0 C% u/ {. N# T
9 ~9 B% ^9 n; q6 f' kvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)5 q/ F$ E* i7 L7 z
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;, z. j, p4 k1 u* }4 v
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
" K7 u8 U( M6 V# T: T {
* I/ M9 N) U4 n6 w- J; A; A IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
+ x! E& [2 v1 n" V Z WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
( U/ h% l' S. i0 p if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)2 O8 {& C; Q- f$ Q4 k, q* }$ r, |* r
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
: U. R( _5 z3 u2 k WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
% n2 s5 L9 R: f- n' J/ E9 K if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;$ Q8 a% H2 b4 M5 Y% B+ @/ o4 E% e
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
* f/ r+ B/ Z% z% r& C9 L2 b6 J if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)6 C& l+ e' n( h' j9 J( l% z
{
7 [8 z" Z M% J: L/ @% r7 S1 @7 d+ E0 J int iEnumIdx = 0;) H T6 \& d9 w. d
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)( b U: ?) @3 a2 A
{
1 j% W: G' {8 E6 g- F( D8 H lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");- H( A+ `9 v. W& \3 D- y& g' {
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;$ A9 m! W0 H1 ]4 s0 `
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK); b% V% U. r- I
{
1 Q) }* b+ C7 t% j" a1 M O" w4 b3 B long vbl, vbu;
' m; h. L& z, Y- J) E c SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
; E- b3 F) t+ e5 U/ }: W SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
& C0 @9 y0 s; f8 U. l for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)9 O) d* B$ D. i. l; V
{
% v: R Q( N! K7 @- [# n! b long aidx = idx;
0 V1 }. m" l' o' W0 l( a, ~ wchar_t *wsName = 0;& y- ]: H" ], }2 E
VARIANT vValue;
4 }( K) ]4 H) r3 O- ~ VariantInit(&vValue);5 t: e9 p+ N) C5 ^% D- p' j& ]; \
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);- g% g r0 Q, `% m
2 c2 q @2 [0 _ BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
9 x' x+ P+ `2 Y HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
1 U% q9 K- A# R+ d+ x+ r& H SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)* ^8 a5 O5 ]: E: `; \1 W
{
6 V* @! L0 [5 B7 H$ r AnsiString s;
2 Y- g/ j5 W4 j5 C2 u; F0 X Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
/ N' j' U. u. a! a! a( U if(v.IsArray())
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, a$ \6 f( p# t7 ~- e' q: W for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)7 h3 V7 O4 ^! ?" J$ O2 y! H) d) W
{
" ~0 b: F+ | N5 i/ f Variant a = v.GetElement(i);& k- A' n- v m, {5 w+ O" m5 }9 b
if(!s.IsEmpty())
6 ?2 L7 |' @' p1 b* N$ [; G; S6 S s+=", ";: J: \6 M8 D8 X) O1 V: ?
s+=VarToStr(a);, _& ]9 F) V+ o5 G, f* Y$ [' T0 Z
}
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s = VarToStr(v);
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6 m: S! `4 h4 M& Y, _) e lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);/ D0 H; w9 ?4 U( C) G
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VariantClear(&vValue);5 \: N' y1 I/ J: k
SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
' B7 d7 S. |; ?2 A iEnumIdx++;
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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) u" P U8 s: q$ G9 h) d/ L2 N if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();) Q: N9 i2 x$ G8 U4 ?3 U' i
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();3 `2 O$ X0 K* q& }# |
}
2 h& |- z( Z& r5 d% i2 H if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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7 I' g/ \$ u- }) u3 g7 x) m//---------------------------------------------------------------------------( V/ h6 r Q, E3 w2 r8 i: y
* d. C" F9 m$ H7 @" m$ E* D// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
6 s) f4 q9 ~/ ^void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
# @) b8 B0 z: n0 k{
( D' V; Y) H: ^. ^- | Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
8 d0 C& E! ?: {# D GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
& b% |+ r% [: U! F: N0 i$ G Memo1->Lines->Add("");
9 ^$ J6 l: H( ]- ?}
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3 U; N# e' J/ ^( B6 }* pWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:: L' s8 g; q& \ C. l8 E: `7 Y8 s
Win32_1394Controller) f& ~0 \! T2 N+ d6 Q4 a* b. ^) m
Win32_BaseBoard2 s( k$ o/ k# R" j4 ^) ?* u+ Q
Win32_Battery: K/ s8 p8 w( |
Win32_BIOS& L3 O+ h: s, {' [8 @) i
Win32_Bus
2 i% N. r4 n- n* p! G1 a9 y Win32_CacheMemory! [( l- n& F: H5 ?" `8 |
Win32_CDROMDrive
7 l$ w+ w7 z6 I) m% a, ^/ a- P8 V Win32_CurrentProbe$ z1 t4 c7 N- P# M( ^# F. U
Win32_DesktopMonitor: O( ~9 l8 X, N j/ O
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
: \1 n, E; l* M Win32_DiskDrive- H! Y0 B% a, l
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
- ]" I) _! `, K) Q/ h, j Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration4 C7 d. E6 Z. D, T' Z V& I! O
Win32_DMAChannel
& m* X4 r: F2 O' R Win32_Fan
) k0 N: v+ H- H; n Win32_FloppyController v2 j% H. k" {
Win32_FloppyDrive# ]' u8 ]: W. o% d8 L
Win32_HeatPipe; ?/ |. D c, ]% Z5 j
Win32_IDEController
& ^) s ?. ]6 U9 P' Q5 t Win32_InfraredDevice
& e4 A9 t% H$ L Win32_IRQResource
7 p# i, ^6 G# m( c+ I Win32_Keyboard
( l$ j4 A% v {' t8 y$ c+ ^6 e Win32_MemoryArray
' H- e G- c8 Z; [; i# W Win32_MemoryDevice
/ V% |2 H; ~! w( C1 x( U1 v Win32_MotherboardDevice$ b" z2 M2 F" F- n- d
Win32_NetworkAdapter
/ v- C# J6 ?# F$ n Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
+ t( U) }8 {8 k" X r Win32_OnBoardDevice
/ Z# T" S/ J& `& O3 @/ r Win32_ParallelPort
5 d, X: U" k2 o7 ~" C; U" A Win32_PCMCIAController) S3 C0 ~% ^7 n) X9 o2 |3 E
Win32_PhysicalMemory# A* L# o; w; U& I4 Q5 [4 g9 Y
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray" c" W% T9 j3 \ w b
Win32_PnPEntity8 e8 ~0 ~ c4 R# C; Q
Win32_PointingDevice$ K3 w$ f& z6 u6 }4 u2 ^, t
Win32_PortableBattery/ a T% X, i r
Win32_PortConnector
& q4 A- W# Y/ a, C9 ~ Win32_PortResource
6 \" \. a B3 t9 i& h% z Win32_POTSModem7 I+ \' M8 `& i1 F) Q8 K
Win32_PowerManagementEvent- z+ R- ^5 D- O' ` y4 Z
Win32_Printer
% l1 r8 q3 m: Y8 I2 Y$ r Win32_PrinterConfiguration; c2 F' C6 X& n7 m3 f) {* y# _
Win32_PrintJob: O( `- b0 K+ q, T' ?- r; m$ \
Win32_Processor7 h! m* O1 }9 j6 @- Y; b$ @) z! p
Win32_Refrigeration
8 O$ l- |- p( a5 B9 M* f! \ Win32_SerialPort& d- a4 _3 A ?( h- N
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
- D- U: A, _; J7 Z8 r v7 M Win32_SMBIOSMemory
0 ?+ m. M; x6 z7 p3 I9 H6 l Win32_SoundDevice
# U; G6 l6 E9 Q' G& @3 k: @6 t Win32_SystemEnclosure2 C4 m* [, C; D: x9 Z
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
- w/ b' T( {7 m Win32_SystemSlot& C% {8 [/ R2 D9 T6 n
Win32_TapeDrive- r8 I" W) d6 s, W2 q
Win32_TemperatureProbe: e+ z$ ]; I8 e& B8 D, g. ~/ g& D3 ~
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
# F* K; H9 p: U1 Z' l8 M Win32_USBController
4 D3 u% T# Y, }" w& ^ Win32_VideoConfiguration8 @. N1 {( M& h2 S9 J) y8 [
Win32_VideoController
. |1 u+ r7 e s$ w# G4 Z( L2 n) z$ [ Win32_VoltageProbe
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5 J c8 p# V0 [$ O! L4 b# `( u4 m以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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