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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)' G9 g. n& @& o
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0 a4 s8 I! h% BWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)6 T* b& j7 ~$ l5 Q7 l/ b+ N
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
7 J' M8 O3 C' R& C 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。( d G! N% T& ~5 `5 Q6 k$ f% Z
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 & r; u: H5 P# U) b
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( d" g, x- w r# i# S% w0 C+ dBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面4 V+ d; O# H8 _- k4 g/ H
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
# f. N+ }& @- Z+ a" S+ J2 Y B 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。- Y- r% K: W; V. ~9 n. E6 K
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。/ \$ m& @8 K; n+ Z( r
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:/ e4 M# x" o2 M4 ?: }
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);+ P* @5 c& Q' u# c( C* V4 M5 ~
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。' u5 p' N# Y U
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
4 U5 ]# j' H9 i0 @. N' q, _7 V. A 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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$ _- [7 ^4 Q, v9 \) n$ Yvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
7 N6 {4 o, E" K5 S& z: y{
4 h, |9 C) D/ y IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;( p( z+ [# a' y
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;$ [+ S, p" I# Q; ~+ |
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");( X: f# O& Y- R$ G6 |) [8 v! r
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)# i1 p9 {+ S! g# W
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
5 B: T+ Y7 ] B+ N0 a+ I E WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
4 S( A5 k6 c1 j1 A' r. ~5 R* x if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)3 E2 w% G( l) S: R6 S1 n; h
{
: U; |7 `. X: b( k: W( v IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
) w* A1 x6 F* U: j o1 p; P ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
! s! E# D" b% A$ @+ }( f. h if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;0 T1 b+ k% b# @* E
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)9 J& c, E. B8 v! A, {' g
{
/ L$ J6 ?% {# \& \3 C# v5 a lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;) e" X' u6 t) g1 ~ j' q
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK) v8 u/ _7 J1 i# @& f2 j: K
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long vbl, vbu;+ j8 T6 i& u/ h8 k
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);6 w% z5 }9 C: _. m6 p
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
/ a1 Y* j% B) ?/ l1 e& L. g" n U for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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- |( B3 W: a; l/ i9 | long aidx = idx;) ~, c% d/ [ {) j- y" v
wchar_t *wsName = 0;* ` O1 u* c+ @7 j* k
VARIANT vValue;! W" D) M$ C, } a8 E
VariantInit(&vValue);
# ?6 |' d9 K3 v8 B: n SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);+ u" ]' M" e& P" K
1 S' p9 K) F3 T/ x% `$ ~, o BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
+ m" R% N1 W5 O$ F |, }# v HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);1 V# D: q1 H' @7 Y) f4 _
SysFreeString(bs);
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6 u9 u$ J2 `; q3 f; R1 W6 i if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;& G1 f+ M$ \: k
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;4 Q* g! Z- H w: N
if(v.IsArray())1 B0 q6 N/ J% T8 T: N$ F
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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7 b! U' G/ a# q/ d Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
( L0 l8 h- p8 C- R0 [; U if(!s.IsEmpty())
8 H3 U$ K$ t- f+ P; U1 q3 ~1 h! w s+=", ";5 y4 a4 m$ r" u0 L0 Z& ]( {
s+=VarToStr(a);
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{
! ~5 a& }; H8 W; Z s = VarToStr(v);- e3 B4 O/ ^4 C, E7 P
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);: e3 {) S' M- C
}
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. i$ P9 F1 G# t6 k VariantClear(&vValue);
, [9 ]' C4 S0 d5 F SysFreeString(wsName);6 X/ R3 R" v- u# u" ~ [; n$ h, U( W" i
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames); C' B, V9 n U. |9 Y1 O6 n/ ^
iEnumIdx++;. i& ]/ f) n4 R! c- Y2 T+ n
}
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. Y: ~: Q! z# m+ I if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();* a. _' y- P6 i2 a7 c
}
# V- B( L) n- |" u' n if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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* L8 O$ |9 P+ H+ q+ E( ] if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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6 G* I3 d7 a' b. s+ _' l//---------------------------------------------------------------------------3 }7 @0 Z. }* z& N
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:* l# r- d( L; S n
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
O+ G% Z. T& Z GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
9 `8 \% y- \) k# c Memo1->Lines->Add("");6 Q3 K) X- a w$ ^4 q5 l0 `2 X
}
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5 P+ ^' e4 t1 L; f: KWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
/ _( {1 I5 q! l6 P# e Win32_1394Controller
. j, `, s c1 b# Z Win32_BaseBoard
% c4 T9 ^3 v8 i2 { Win32_Battery" a) u: a( k# r* ?8 l0 F
Win32_BIOS
1 n+ K8 I5 W4 A3 Z. }( L4 S1 u# K Win32_Bus
0 [4 ?* ?8 b4 }6 c$ J Win32_CacheMemory
% I! ?& X" u J( k4 ?. V Win32_CDROMDrive
9 j6 S3 Z0 \: C/ D- Q& V) C Win32_CurrentProbe
, F4 d- W2 I' v- x' ^ Win32_DesktopMonitor/ ?' ~% i2 A0 U# k% q% c% W4 r
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress. `4 D3 Q" G$ e) N' B
Win32_DiskDrive/ k8 U P. D8 S2 r
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
, }+ l1 i+ r+ c/ S* p% s4 { Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration+ `1 _5 C% f G2 q
Win32_DMAChannel- _% O8 ~' {4 b8 O5 i9 u
Win32_Fan* h9 m8 t* Z( n
Win32_FloppyController u% p! _" b: L0 U3 F* c
Win32_FloppyDrive
9 [, V( r( q) B+ [. \ Win32_HeatPipe, D" [# c* y# S7 P; M2 T2 |7 z* U( h
Win32_IDEController
8 i- P0 o: h1 ?$ i% |/ u Win32_InfraredDevice
- D: E9 ?" ? F- }* F$ a8 S, a; l Win32_IRQResource4 k# {% _0 I/ V8 k5 o; O6 V
Win32_Keyboard& v/ z: x8 s6 G9 M- G/ ]* J# k" X$ E
Win32_MemoryArray
+ {, x2 u: V9 t0 {: b8 P" Q& N Win32_MemoryDevice* P8 C( _& m: B; `* a
Win32_MotherboardDevice
' x8 g* O4 P7 G7 }7 G Win32_NetworkAdapter" |3 L+ v: P' T: A% y9 W
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration6 K+ v. J4 s' D- n1 T
Win32_OnBoardDevice
4 d+ R5 w- t5 w5 d Win32_ParallelPort
3 h7 K& P; c" A6 A# N$ `! P Win32_PCMCIAController- z/ K+ x. ]% R0 f2 ]: F4 R
Win32_PhysicalMemory* h+ a: f- s9 |1 ]
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray9 l" s9 h5 D* [8 y8 S
Win32_PnPEntity9 {; W& B& e9 E& `; G5 H7 x- H
Win32_PointingDevice# U5 d8 U3 I! Z) B* W( l
Win32_PortableBattery
: |) Q3 M9 `6 ~: n- ] Win32_PortConnector
) z. H+ i% _; g: g Win32_PortResource/ X" X3 ^# `1 D* u A' i$ U" ?
Win32_POTSModem9 E% c" D g& w4 v3 M" j
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
3 h @4 v3 w( a& E+ U1 M% ]0 m8 c1 s Win32_Printer6 T# n+ w/ I6 M# G# M
Win32_PrinterConfiguration: N/ z; M3 G$ X. Q
Win32_PrintJob! X2 ~. u5 s* @ f7 v0 b; o
Win32_Processor
4 {+ u7 o6 a- v0 d' F2 P Win32_Refrigeration! E) l/ [6 o& A) t2 m
Win32_SerialPort' r9 R6 p6 N+ G( s* C. ?( o
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
' h6 p1 _( {% y$ F; _) C# K$ a- F Win32_SMBIOSMemory: v8 Q+ Y! T0 S( o
Win32_SoundDevice4 R/ n3 Y C, {6 \; ^6 d
Win32_SystemEnclosure i1 u% F) M& `+ Y8 r# {
Win32_SystemMemoryResource$ B5 ]9 z8 [7 w! \/ H: b
Win32_SystemSlot: y: m6 i& Z1 `% z/ [+ P
Win32_TapeDrive) q' _8 `: ?: f% V! k |
Win32_TemperatureProbe
$ {! s5 [1 c# o7 X* l Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
2 n8 b1 ?0 t- l( `6 ? Win32_USBController
4 o0 |6 J! z* k2 ?. Q0 o# l1 h! R/ `- { Win32_VideoConfiguration
% z3 D- @1 v% Q% \" t k* p. I Win32_VideoController
3 p7 L! ^; [" ]. @) g8 y% }/ l Win32_VoltageProbe8 S1 E/ Z. k0 m9 F, O9 T: m2 T
5 T! u7 }. k$ v& U" c) l6 W3 N以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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