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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)6 Z: E9 i* ]' X. Q4 k* `+ R& p
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, r' }4 j* X M% h8 w" `WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)* C3 l8 ~8 ^# z( `4 \
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
" m* B1 e7 A& ^ 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。0 A* S. L2 ~( x' v9 U m5 }
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面+ R- D! r0 y( t2 @8 C# E+ {7 h, p$ q
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① 初始化 COM 接口:2 i1 P' R# a. b# p% u
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
* Y0 i+ z9 n& i/ n) g 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。4 G( x5 k- _7 g' G; Y8 T- G
! J" e* I* |+ G② 获取访问 WMI 权限:% r! f+ }& f( a6 i
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);: X1 R3 W6 i: D5 _$ r2 z' C
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。1 s; m$ i# @, e6 f) u2 O
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:0 f$ U% T* c6 T( m
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)- K) z( T2 S: Q
{
+ H6 N& y& G/ x* o8 Q& P9 f IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
2 ?4 M" b3 ^# y if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;8 y7 l! P. g" i. V
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");, `) X$ K& Q" F A3 Q4 p
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK) A# H8 P# }7 f* i4 X3 V: Y
{
, U3 K: \) A( i, v' i: J7 \ IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;. x9 [+ n0 G- N; Y' T
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
; L# D# P% f# T+ W' ^1 P if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)) J, k5 X+ ^: V2 p; o [
{
: V4 ~7 e; c- |/ a+ Y) c: K+ O) | IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;. d* Y" P. |/ |5 {. n
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;0 x1 [. l% Y, }, v
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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' E% X; V" R9 I int iEnumIdx = 0;
. Y" L; K7 ~( c4 J4 f" \ while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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: y. K; G' _( i lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");7 b- c+ _( k! L) h4 T7 D9 g
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
9 W7 u$ v6 D7 d# U if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK); V8 D. u' D" W% z
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long vbl, vbu;; O9 M6 n$ V. n, ~1 I$ D
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
/ J9 A. C' M* R# }1 ?: y SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);% _0 F% W6 _2 C' B2 e# W) C) W) I `
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)- J( B, t1 R8 Z+ [
{
! G k! }1 _, Z long aidx = idx;
. ^7 }6 {2 g8 @3 h! F' D* k) q wchar_t *wsName = 0;& W4 r3 ~& R8 G( a. p
VARIANT vValue;5 p; ]& }5 D2 f7 l2 N& }+ w1 I Z
VariantInit(&vValue);
" H ~( V" a1 q5 g! b3 R, V) A SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName); [. q2 U0 `8 E [
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);+ g& }$ X9 n. J' B
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
6 |+ P4 p; i4 q/ X SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)- o; I! i& B5 g2 ]- K2 R, m
{
- n$ @, O( M6 @& T* G3 @ AnsiString s;
# P) }" m6 O3 ?# {: |: g9 u Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;! O8 K2 d3 @; u. r
if(v.IsArray())
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' {5 S- Z% J# b8 V! A. A4 m8 X for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)$ Y$ }" \* ^5 H. x( f- f
{
" Q# @* x+ H& A. C Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
$ X! ~" K t) W. U; \1 w if(!s.IsEmpty())% i, A4 p. _ k4 B, R* i, a
s+=", ";
% X% X! v/ f8 s% @: L s+=VarToStr(a);5 U/ O5 i3 ]$ j: M! g* N, U
}
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else
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s = VarToStr(v);) H3 F: R- s/ ^. W
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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8 |1 u* V3 W/ z7 Y m VariantClear(&vValue);, N5 G+ m4 T L5 \6 l
SysFreeString(wsName);/ Y& T% }+ l' r2 ~$ g
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);) e9 ^7 t; p5 m( v
iEnumIdx++;% p9 Y1 J4 r8 r
}
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9 r# ?. ` q6 V$ t1 J' I% Z5 d if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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/ k" u- B1 }' U+ p9 z& A7 w3 | if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release(); K! g, J: t2 r+ y" l' Q' b
}
6 y9 ^7 R) `) x if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();& [& B9 r$ i7 ~. ~5 D( }4 H# p
}
; @$ e- p7 @$ N; F* V/ v if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();9 [& W. q [4 U
}
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3 k2 ~4 q5 `) f( _2 P// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
: F7 H7 c9 a! Z5 ?" ^, n8 Xvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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3 ^3 E) n& d1 x: {% I( v! N4 j5 H2 R Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");6 d, a# e- h0 l: }( ?9 Z9 ?
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
3 U9 k) ?4 C; s2 @* R- N Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:* z, }; P5 a. i) ]( ]- }1 P
Win32_1394Controller
# Q" f3 h3 K( z Win32_BaseBoard
5 l a; `5 U! t Win32_Battery
* G4 H, n+ n# s5 W3 f; u# | Win32_BIOS
! G; Y1 n( e% y( m6 O1 S. h Win32_Bus* R: h3 S- U- Y% p! \
Win32_CacheMemory
, C7 k- {, e9 h& C Win32_CDROMDrive6 P. [7 j" F) q
Win32_CurrentProbe
6 @* z0 w6 O" F: j) U5 L Win32_DesktopMonitor
) E2 O9 r7 s4 V6 G3 Q, { W Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
% Z* a2 z: D2 F$ ]- T8 ~ Win32_DiskDrive
' O$ t; U4 |5 M, ~! p Win32_DisplayConfiguration t' x% s! e7 P0 R) ?2 Q3 {; r
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration' R- ]9 H4 Z) m
Win32_DMAChannel( P3 g" H1 d3 A# p% N
Win32_Fan5 }9 v7 x* T$ B8 F$ C7 v" R$ |
Win32_FloppyController
9 f! }+ k* v/ }8 y1 Q1 I Win32_FloppyDrive
+ E/ g; v$ [. z Win32_HeatPipe
4 I3 A, C7 G- v! `# e Win32_IDEController4 v/ v1 r0 Q+ J! s4 l4 U
Win32_InfraredDevice
" v2 i, N5 e3 }+ z Win32_IRQResource4 i5 `9 n& P4 w% v6 e8 c n
Win32_Keyboard
9 z$ \7 b- W: _- Y3 E) O3 W Win32_MemoryArray
, T$ {. l( _4 N3 w Win32_MemoryDevice
" }8 h/ }5 t1 d4 T# z% R [/ J) ~ Win32_MotherboardDevice3 H6 R# {( B* T$ e+ O
Win32_NetworkAdapter& i2 j& _3 e) n% G
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
/ h) o# B: q' r9 e Win32_OnBoardDevice
! V2 @, K3 F/ w1 ^ Win32_ParallelPort9 u( [" @2 p5 k8 s: \; T
Win32_PCMCIAController7 Z, E3 ^; @" c, v) i
Win32_PhysicalMemory
1 P4 O0 G: i5 v# N1 w0 c Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
2 J9 B* A' a2 p2 |4 T Win32_PnPEntity
* R) v5 \" a! g) H0 w4 A- n Win32_PointingDevice
* n) t. q( p/ }& Q/ `0 h Win32_PortableBattery( I( j. L& h" ~3 A/ u! x
Win32_PortConnector' }& K' |( F9 ?
Win32_PortResource# x7 u5 D. l, ^2 `
Win32_POTSModem
! g6 O' z0 V+ Y Win32_PowerManagementEvent) Y, ^' K" G1 `! A- j4 u$ {) h9 B
Win32_Printer
) ?9 F" U4 V! y Win32_PrinterConfiguration" f8 n e/ C+ G: ]8 o: x, }
Win32_PrintJob
/ ?! m5 W8 ?: ?7 q1 a Win32_Processor! W. o; J) S2 H9 f j" v8 C
Win32_Refrigeration+ V) o0 o/ R) u+ Q+ H" t
Win32_SerialPort
9 J( R% T$ l+ T: n* \7 D Win32_SerialPortConfiguration) P- f) [2 ~' V
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
( B; F0 P9 v2 K2 a/ _ Win32_SoundDevice
8 \. h9 H! ]9 l% n) _ Win32_SystemEnclosure
2 z" j) G" \0 W" r9 @ Win32_SystemMemoryResource
# e! }$ X/ J T# V2 @% M Win32_SystemSlot. H- W5 {& u8 m" |8 b
Win32_TapeDrive
1 z4 W0 v* J u3 V$ I Win32_TemperatureProbe' O2 O0 o6 R1 v& I7 f
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
. i) F% H6 o) Z) v2 I3 L Win32_USBController* ]1 v- h6 t4 A
Win32_VideoConfiguration
8 d* G X b8 I% c9 F Win32_VideoController; S: E, p1 S6 [& ^9 x
Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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