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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
6 m, j( [8 F9 x! n" _ 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
( P) L: S5 L! y1 N' l3 ?5 W 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。, ]+ H/ H# G6 U
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 , p; V+ _; ?. g2 j& ?/ b! J
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2 M# i7 o$ ] c0 ]BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面& C5 F' b2 x1 a: Y
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
7 v9 k7 V" V" D* q% ? 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
3 ~" _$ p/ k$ T. I# _ r& U 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
' K: }& y; Q+ ? CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
, C+ q4 A" B5 I; ~% @ 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。$ L, A1 e3 E5 u( I+ k
8 c c5 \4 v! `9 B3 C; z# w③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:: |/ I$ d5 v$ j7 |7 X2 i- K
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。' z5 m2 d) z) g
, [8 n( w, Y8 i- J7 m7 C3 v+ dvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass) f' j0 @5 L$ \: K/ s3 J) p" u [
{
8 {3 X# s2 ^' ]: F* W- V' D IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
8 h0 e! w% H5 Q: s if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
2 `" N0 k+ K& S WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");, G, U- t3 N* p7 h1 P* E
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK): b6 z# I+ V! u; v, r: O
{
2 \; ~, E" g, B k% q IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;4 ~8 [ V& J2 Y2 Z/ {8 [4 \/ Y+ x
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;* Y! ` m& O9 g. t
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)( G( H: ~ M( ^& E' ^
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
& [! {2 V& x0 n* j' ?, s/ r ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
- T# @4 |# i# _3 f if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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1 ]5 Y1 p. G, A, a. ~- R5 g int iEnumIdx = 0;2 J) L: C; X; q( |# _: R! ?
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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. ~( a) U$ T4 f4 _+ R! H) m SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
3 ~, a$ Z! p# U6 ]: V1 w. r# u if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;
" @3 u6 Q% F* ]* N& k+ V: T SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
% Z1 ^/ k/ I7 L" {) ?: a SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);6 J/ x/ s/ S0 o0 q1 T
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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' C/ D8 G7 I c) i1 m3 C% ` long aidx = idx;/ ?- W3 ~* B% `& W( m
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
3 F1 L) {/ D/ D& {. V0 ? VARIANT vValue;
: Z d- h) t$ s4 z$ { s% w1 k VariantInit(&vValue);
0 o% j; Y& Y$ x5 F! h4 c SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);! O/ s% G# t q# l
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
E- v/ u* Q" `3 j* d SysFreeString(bs);
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# U6 _# B/ Y' X) I# q8 ]5 p if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;0 v0 ]% ~5 @4 O; P9 Z8 w
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;& `5 L: O0 U! E: D: Q, ^# _
if(v.IsArray())
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, X) Q# B& l | Y for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)! G* h! P& l& e/ [
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
! h+ C9 w7 z2 R( H6 V3 j if(!s.IsEmpty())' k& m7 f1 _& Y8 f: E% a
s+=", ";
6 a- m+ a& | O s+=VarToStr(a);) i; ?7 ?; `/ Y: F. S
}; H7 ]/ [9 p* N! f- Z" h* d: A
}
f; E( ~" z4 z else
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- H$ m& h( h5 n% ^ s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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: ], U0 x0 {) g5 j2 d8 { VariantClear(&vValue);
- [8 h9 c3 s6 s! d, G9 C SysFreeString(wsName);# t3 b& X; @2 ]8 T6 R4 I) Y
}
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);0 \9 U% {. C9 Y" A
iEnumIdx++;
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D' s! {: v" C" g* W3 p# s! O if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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3 y: k3 a: G: H8 }1 c% W if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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! T, ^, \1 J4 d* s if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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5 C6 |. ?6 S0 _( k! K5 c+ H3 Q if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();5 m1 _9 W! A/ I2 A! |( R& M
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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K+ [$ S# b0 o0 d// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:5 I4 i8 @& _" K+ }5 X# |) r
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)0 r( `+ \+ g1 S6 |
{
4 [" |. A+ h/ @7 N: ` Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
4 M' ]+ e _1 S4 t; W% n GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
" p; g9 H f: Y+ p2 z! J2 a Memo1->Lines->Add("");" h9 n! P& z y* I9 Y7 ^
}
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:6 R( [3 ]' R) i5 h9 s r
Win32_1394Controller4 N) ?+ S2 C' q* j
Win32_BaseBoard; E3 Y* a# J7 a( f# b
Win32_Battery' n/ {( Z( N' a3 x
Win32_BIOS
' ~ k7 U y$ n z, d. d- {( m Win32_Bus
1 M) y3 [0 ?1 e: W# h Win32_CacheMemory
9 U6 J: O& b: l$ S) ]1 x5 {( E Win32_CDROMDrive
2 y7 @! {& _9 N, o0 E' G Win32_CurrentProbe# ?1 b, s# Y7 y0 O3 z- Z4 w r
Win32_DesktopMonitor' s* |: A, D0 ]2 d' X0 Q& p
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress) v- D# i4 H7 \5 A/ d( H
Win32_DiskDrive# g' j# v, Z( ~3 W+ f4 h. ~, X
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
9 K. W$ i9 L* I( Z% v' x: l Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration# g5 |9 |9 z# Q; q1 @- x# v
Win32_DMAChannel
7 L/ K# s* q2 U8 Y9 v Win32_Fan
; K; `2 T5 Y% E Win32_FloppyController# z, p7 r1 p9 X4 p
Win32_FloppyDrive
$ c0 l1 w1 p5 v& y Win32_HeatPipe
6 o- S2 b( `! E$ k/ F Win32_IDEController
9 H( q/ X+ p* G* |6 m& |. y Win32_InfraredDevice
- {3 B9 L! ]2 C# _+ ~, ~( M Win32_IRQResource
. o! L+ E, r: a- c1 ^1 i8 ~ Win32_Keyboard
- ~' }, v0 R- p0 J! K Win32_MemoryArray
3 s" h1 S% E2 L Win32_MemoryDevice4 t6 p) M8 e3 |! a, G
Win32_MotherboardDevice
3 w7 x0 D- X: O9 K; _# \5 c2 G+ m Win32_NetworkAdapter
$ s# B+ E; R7 Z$ Y4 s% H Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration9 e- d9 @& u# B+ n: ~+ T4 F+ v' Z2 j* w
Win32_OnBoardDevice2 I0 }6 G6 m5 R/ F
Win32_ParallelPort
2 A7 m4 ~ W- t, L( E Win32_PCMCIAController2 q7 p$ ~1 a# H; F2 e
Win32_PhysicalMemory( u: n& q4 X# x. d. B
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray7 k+ O% J0 Q" F* [" h( u
Win32_PnPEntity
r: u9 n% n8 |4 h9 t7 i7 F Win32_PointingDevice+ U( ^$ F6 M& \% @
Win32_PortableBattery( J- A* v' n2 r! c: |
Win32_PortConnector Z* k1 M6 C# A8 M! T4 S
Win32_PortResource
' _9 W( ~2 C0 E# r Win32_POTSModem
& F: V' a9 H( z$ `( D2 u Win32_PowerManagementEvent1 a& G8 q0 ? p
Win32_Printer
; M+ u0 E& [) z0 v& l' \9 E Win32_PrinterConfiguration3 G9 Y- P! z4 I U: t0 j1 z
Win32_PrintJob
5 D m% q6 v: E Win32_Processor. M( m8 O& |+ L
Win32_Refrigeration
4 a9 K4 e3 g/ L Win32_SerialPort3 |3 T+ M6 J; P0 f7 j; W
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
5 E8 ^% h( T/ u6 O; K' i! H Win32_SMBIOSMemory" v6 J- F0 q, r0 p4 k
Win32_SoundDevice+ p) P8 v% z6 ?6 T7 }2 w
Win32_SystemEnclosure9 J& o- ]. J( i1 ^2 Y* L$ P
Win32_SystemMemoryResource, r# e+ h! A+ G s4 h; x
Win32_SystemSlot2 x. J7 W3 G) Z% a) K H+ j
Win32_TapeDrive) t" Q4 J0 y( `# ?; P2 T8 |2 y
Win32_TemperatureProbe
. i4 z# X$ y% C( B# p5 Q: w Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
; S5 _* T& j! ? Z% T% n Win32_USBController
7 D* ]. p- I8 N( G6 C& E' | Win32_VideoConfiguration+ S1 [5 Y: h- v# }) T% `* ]% Z
Win32_VideoController2 n, U" S! }& \' C
Win32_VoltageProbe% w( r, ?# r6 ]: _. \" S
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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