|
|
Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者) i; g9 s, l5 i! r
Q/ C9 g. T7 o j
; {8 t. }$ L$ i& Y5 ?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/ K& S0 ^" K" U! p- V, ^; h& UWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)6 C h: w' s ]7 _
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
6 d% B' e, N- l& x 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
+ ?' o; O" z1 u' Z* E- B 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
5 @! J$ Q5 G7 D1 c8 s2 R: Y: c4 z* Q+ T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: u" l) g0 X4 V9 D' R- l& X" a( VBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
) T2 l8 M% m: L: r
' U! o! A1 ?7 e4 l--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 T: R$ N) Z6 g6 O* z( e
① 初始化 COM 接口:* I8 z8 ^6 h7 Q
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
6 G: l( J0 y6 c7 Z+ f, }2 j 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
/ I* w7 o4 C: H) M# w; V( T/ o4 m) o& T' V% |2 l7 }
② 获取访问 WMI 权限:; p$ V$ r- K q; M; m) G }
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
6 }) Z6 I; b4 }# x, R- H 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。' C I& V0 |; R% R4 d4 _/ s+ e
8 X" H- |1 h0 B( Z# K③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
, t) F1 u5 m# l 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。" R; I7 q8 v1 _
7 ^; w) {- G" g* z5 |5 c6 k
void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
- w; l' I4 q4 n% ^; r{( T5 Q* x7 Q+ P ]* K
IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
" c& H/ E! a. O* k8 h) Z if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)4 a7 a% ? X, K+ J% c! g. W! X, m6 t
{2 t7 i9 Q. K! r- W$ K1 O' i
IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;7 y0 j3 v0 S' e5 G! h+ u
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");8 b+ {# {- M; H' D. a
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
7 l' ]! o" O/ T0 G5 |* q. p# Z {
+ o, z$ g7 P1 J9 v/ ~' | IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
/ _) \- p2 o$ `. |3 x* J$ V$ B WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;0 \" c+ W: g% u" R* V* V1 S: b. G
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)- m5 b" b4 M. a# o* h
{4 W7 ~. b3 B- W9 d0 N( p! @
IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
/ [% t* @) x: H) W* L' d) c, K3 o ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;' I+ v- G! X, I' M& h
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
) K% ?" Y2 S& I- s0 x {0 J3 e7 M: n$ C" @5 D& [/ k
int iEnumIdx = 0;2 N5 j) F8 g' z; o6 |9 e3 w
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
. X3 g8 ^" x# [4 @1 ? {) R' d( G. z0 S2 n
lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");! E* c% p1 q$ j8 H5 D/ M0 }
) p8 ]6 X! x/ t8 G SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;$ e; u: c9 R0 m; [- `
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
: \% I$ T& I, _ {
; {) q% u: u( F7 t. t long vbl, vbu;2 S, \1 n6 D4 Q! B
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
6 C9 r+ F& o% X# O8 ? SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);' ?& l, {# T$ W- L! I
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)! j$ z W" N/ e5 E
{- ?( b9 K, E; s, u. f
long aidx = idx;; B; E8 [( l" q P/ ]) a. m8 l# k+ e
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
7 s. @2 G! k0 a VARIANT vValue;
) b0 e! s9 N/ p VariantInit(&vValue);
( I- R% `# N7 g, a. s SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);0 Q8 W: |1 r% s) L, y
6 V' c* R1 G% W4 |5 q BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
% E) b% f9 P) I. n* W! h4 i HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);6 \! Y& h! \# ?, t7 M8 L
SysFreeString(bs);1 r& U T! a) g: Y2 [
1 }" U" Y! j/ W1 z; D0 d5 C% ?4 K if(hRes == S_OK)
# n$ k, `. K. J$ L {0 M# ^3 C. W2 M, u
AnsiString s;
2 s9 k; l2 `; b S Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
& F$ X X1 l% E) Q) I if(v.IsArray())" d( z: C! D2 X
{1 `9 O/ t& X' f9 D& r" e
for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)& x9 p) t |& V" g# V/ ^7 C4 Q
{5 g ?4 n$ v4 r. S( ^; n
Variant a = v.GetElement(i);7 r# \2 w- \3 b! v' H/ }7 }
if(!s.IsEmpty())
; H) j! m+ D. M- O' p s+=", ";! H* h" Q; _& {( q: ]
s+=VarToStr(a);) W$ y( L+ Y2 X' s M3 }
}
" d+ d" M# P: j% T }* P' S; z, b5 p# ~6 B6 a1 f
else
' `- h9 D6 o7 `3 e A( j# H8 l7 ^ { T; q, g7 p Z
s = VarToStr(v);
5 B( V$ e; K0 T6 x) o( E }
( z0 u$ ]# Q1 n4 S# p5 m lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
, }+ g. |4 J) O( O% P+ h. x }, M. ~& `5 }; ]# i* i: r
: M0 x- e3 A0 t/ b, B& A& } VariantClear(&vValue);
# [! ?+ w v6 U: h. ~7 [" N! i SysFreeString(wsName);! G2 u8 C3 h1 L4 Y/ v2 h; [# K) \, D
}
# `, Z/ K i( x5 x. q" ?/ n }
# Q( n3 K9 X& s2 k8 W! x8 F if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
/ x6 ~4 X, F. B5 A5 | iEnumIdx++;# }, p& f/ z+ _0 d1 Y5 l: d
}$ G2 [9 _6 g! v( S
}: b! o2 t, ]( N5 i! Z8 M
if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();" ?5 @( I+ ]/ i- s
}
+ T S* Y/ S( F" Q! L! b if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
4 G) N* }: ~5 y( ]' G { }) C8 o) y% Y% e
if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
+ m2 l7 ]$ q) i, V9 Q) h' C }
% [$ K1 v. {, y- z. f if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();1 [- w4 a* B- Z% V0 r9 U0 T& y
}/ [! \3 i, T0 f# F. p5 A1 x9 J
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
' N; V8 x( Y6 F [' d1 y3 L' @' |* ?3 ^6 t. v$ G+ }2 T
// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:# N' f$ t+ U; g. L# U
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)" z" w$ \; g: |4 w
{7 m' p" G' c. F4 L+ e1 T, s
Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
1 Q& m! X& R" o2 h0 }9 E4 V! w3 o GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");3 u5 L4 R' H5 B: [+ R8 J
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
% a: } a5 I: T1 X2 ?* ]}
2 C6 ?4 S. Z5 q. ^/ d8 z% H! \( I
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 A: g3 f' w# r9 l# Y
7 N5 I- w; N% W3 }( Y5 u! i ZWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:( e9 C7 r) a2 L! N5 {$ q/ b
Win32_1394Controller% v' X5 f2 k. a
Win32_BaseBoard
+ ^: s- p( X+ ` Win32_Battery
# ~# ~6 Z' x1 l Win32_BIOS; X$ t5 C% S/ V5 H' z& \3 X
Win32_Bus1 Z9 w9 G+ k, b
Win32_CacheMemory4 v: }/ I @* h- m" F5 Q
Win32_CDROMDrive
# X* w% G8 m' W' h& p Win32_CurrentProbe
1 N5 J* R; K2 M3 H Win32_DesktopMonitor
/ Q( t# K8 N2 z/ E, S Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress3 J X9 E- N/ e/ K
Win32_DiskDrive
% U/ k; o& N0 g+ r' |- N, Y Win32_DisplayConfiguration. H* n& i" x. l2 n3 S( o" X ]1 }
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
+ a1 F6 @ r$ Q7 e. F' W* k" c! ^ Win32_DMAChannel2 X: Y& N6 [* j5 m" \2 }
Win32_Fan3 d$ H8 L% i9 a9 U. z
Win32_FloppyController
% v' {: d8 u+ s' J8 A" e; D* z0 S Win32_FloppyDrive, h& {& p3 Y2 s, @2 c$ e
Win32_HeatPipe
" h9 a8 ^- {* H6 w c4 v Win32_IDEController- _( M0 p6 N/ w) k6 g% t3 v) q
Win32_InfraredDevice: e" a/ i+ K! q3 C% B, ]2 Z3 ^
Win32_IRQResource
% m) | [6 W3 y! ] Win32_Keyboard$ I) }' w8 I8 R3 j3 o" i% v7 I
Win32_MemoryArray& Y) w: |' n! r: K2 ]; [/ l; K
Win32_MemoryDevice, H2 p$ I. X0 K5 `% h% G* x* K9 X
Win32_MotherboardDevice/ e Z, J! q: y0 r
Win32_NetworkAdapter
7 v! q+ L% V. D9 |$ y6 R' @ Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
* x; l1 M( F9 H$ ?" V8 D Win32_OnBoardDevice
z l1 g3 \/ ?7 | P x Win32_ParallelPort' g! \ `# G# y' E+ a0 [
Win32_PCMCIAController
+ h. O3 m; s! i' P Win32_PhysicalMemory/ h' x0 x6 }( \: {1 S) k
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
0 y; g4 T u$ Y% B Win32_PnPEntity/ r! [9 i8 i0 z
Win32_PointingDevice
1 m0 I6 X" a I) X/ s! T# T7 Y, C Win32_PortableBattery0 f% z( K) L+ d
Win32_PortConnector
( b+ Z& @8 I* {% B& V& D Win32_PortResource/ i1 R" a3 O4 }; h |9 ? l
Win32_POTSModem& ]6 k4 O* V& l) @
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
V4 @8 w" g$ F9 D7 a Win32_Printer* T8 N8 \! y0 D7 T% E
Win32_PrinterConfiguration: f. v5 t$ o& I* X" {+ f0 g0 D* b
Win32_PrintJob, }+ }) h$ r: @% }
Win32_Processor
- M/ r' m1 U+ ~7 v Win32_Refrigeration4 I7 ?1 _- e& H: b& p5 { S* B
Win32_SerialPort
! T$ t; p& i8 ~ Win32_SerialPortConfiguration3 V: I1 t5 c/ N0 e8 L
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
# T( u8 u) c# x- K/ M/ T( M7 \" x% L Win32_SoundDevice5 E% J5 R6 G+ {! N# ~/ c4 L" [
Win32_SystemEnclosure p9 z; C4 f+ d- }
Win32_SystemMemoryResource2 ?5 y& [$ t. L( |6 h( k& j2 d
Win32_SystemSlot
) ?/ i" z2 U0 G% o Win32_TapeDrive Z% E: j; [+ k* \
Win32_TemperatureProbe
: U0 o5 Z4 A8 {. K! @ Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply( W/ r5 Z8 T9 a c8 R g" L
Win32_USBController
5 P3 j9 S W) a4 U, s& c: a3 C Win32_VideoConfiguration$ W# S' l" u: N+ i2 C; J x
Win32_VideoController
9 `1 \: k0 T% f. I% E Win32_VoltageProbe
# @+ G [" l) _- w
0 Y' i4 J. K' c3 Y; E以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
|