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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)1 }' Z- L# Q6 T$ ?! p# c3 k
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/ ?8 I3 u( @8 ~" ^) E5 R2 l, qWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
7 g( \) g3 ^* R% ?3 c1 Y2 q; N 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
- r! `. W4 k' Q! q3 u7 |* D* _ 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。4 {3 Z, z( h) X
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 3 e( @; y" _- m, A4 z
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面2 m& v2 I; {. `$ I
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- N1 s4 d" g; N; F- O, a① 初始化 COM 接口:' O3 V" r0 ^6 w& l9 Z+ [; H. y5 `
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
( F. Y% e% O/ ` 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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1 E' D5 V r: n% u M) d3 L! Q② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
& p( @# U/ \) P( H% Z9 R CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);' B% r8 y! Z9 `0 [+ \
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:+ S6 b( ]0 j9 S! I7 B
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)3 s1 W4 Y% q6 L) O
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;; G. \5 m: S$ G1 e, n
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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9 n% e6 O7 L, h& _0 Q IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
5 X O; P( P! J s2 ~ WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
% T8 A X9 _8 _ if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;+ t1 j0 b$ B) I4 B1 i C% G) i$ x t
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;4 G- @' @- x8 x Q, l
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)8 t4 u4 B" N5 Q% W% {- k; X
{
6 h2 ]3 {$ q7 ~: y/ W IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;4 W( R5 [2 @' c) V0 t
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;: a5 X% P& \4 ]' r7 u% J& c
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)2 a2 t/ u0 H0 u9 F
{
: G* q+ n) v+ ]. a' T( z U. G0 n& W/ a int iEnumIdx = 0;* o" H% Y7 Q: o' W* a
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)/ Y. a4 z) f3 \$ \6 S# D0 x
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");4 v4 L/ h5 F- U8 P7 f* ]
6 F/ G) ?! `0 a* k: _1 e7 ~ SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;. s( l% I) i) B0 F* s& u
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)4 Q* w; V$ N/ m4 Q
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long vbl, vbu;# t. u5 z' f# ^
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);2 P0 y; u- E; H4 X- ~
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
. a0 p7 V9 r8 s* l9 T. z$ ` for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;. ]/ S5 g% k Q! n" v/ c" v
wchar_t *wsName = 0;2 [* J. R& P- R. B: K( o
VARIANT vValue;
. Y7 Y: k i7 s$ D; @ VariantInit(&vValue);
" H' O2 A% g. B/ d8 x4 z& w: ] SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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& [, |1 S) K* Y3 D& E9 b BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
/ G* n. L* g0 i! X# Q" @ HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
: c8 J ]7 S) ?4 h9 K) _ SysFreeString(bs);
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+ Y$ j+ x& O' Z if(hRes == S_OK)# M3 }# l" O- F( {) o. X, p5 n0 S
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AnsiString s;
1 R4 x _3 ]0 t Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
. Y' `7 R8 h$ k C% u% R$ [ if(v.IsArray())
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9 V$ V; C" t4 w9 K# w for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)3 P# f5 ]' ]$ p% t: e
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);- p0 T7 s4 A7 _& e
if(!s.IsEmpty())
/ c5 ?# z8 G- ~9 T& ^ R s+=", ";
. V) m4 |1 r0 r3 j& k2 g s+=VarToStr(a);! p) K* U( F" Q: H; a
}
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s = VarToStr(v);
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- N; o6 P9 y" \* ?: ^ lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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( A) D$ G( u$ K2 i VariantClear(&vValue);: b1 ?3 x7 l8 D/ q- @6 x% A
SysFreeString(wsName);
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8 u3 X$ M+ j" O+ j; n) j' w) h if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
6 A+ ~0 s) _3 O6 J+ h5 r6 p4 ~ iEnumIdx++;3 {, p% V: E8 E5 k' \
}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();3 \. }( E/ L& v k
}
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();7 U; \+ v( ]) U) |& {
}
" ]# s9 \) v! G9 S9 a! B4 C8 o if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();3 s& R$ ?9 E! k3 z# q, v# h, u
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
/ d5 C# Y2 q9 l. ?4 tvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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+ q( H' g- L: m4 I Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
$ J+ g- ?; h: {4 ?2 g GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");* x3 C% x `) ^6 {
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
1 n6 D9 n" N9 z5 X Win32_1394Controller
1 J! g+ z! |0 b/ a4 Q# Z Win32_BaseBoard0 }8 W& Q4 D, r9 |; c
Win32_Battery
G, p+ _* s8 N2 c" o2 p7 I" o% C Win32_BIOS/ C0 X" m* u' X' n* {/ j5 ]& \
Win32_Bus
* D8 G7 L$ M6 D& ~7 ~ Win32_CacheMemory
; l6 z' i& `" \1 K Win32_CDROMDrive
# E3 m- r; N7 D Win32_CurrentProbe
9 J/ t# Q1 G$ \# _ Win32_DesktopMonitor* S- v8 @. ^; B& p
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress$ _6 t5 r" `' e" B4 x1 ]- M
Win32_DiskDrive+ U) C( m( o; M
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
2 _' S* W1 N: M Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration ` C; z9 S9 a- G* [2 u
Win32_DMAChannel
4 R% j) R* Z4 {9 S0 n8 G Win32_Fan
) E9 f, U% s/ K: e8 E& W/ k& i Win32_FloppyController
! S t% j: K E- z% O Win32_FloppyDrive* i" p6 k- ?7 J) p: _
Win32_HeatPipe9 _7 M( |$ q1 G& c
Win32_IDEController5 X" ]$ j& d$ E* V/ V ^
Win32_InfraredDevice& t H. U& _8 B% t
Win32_IRQResource( z" E$ _( K: e
Win32_Keyboard
7 c' Y7 i( d5 B Win32_MemoryArray: |, g, S+ e! q: r0 t! d1 Q1 t/ Q
Win32_MemoryDevice4 Y4 Y. b9 R4 m7 g- I4 I
Win32_MotherboardDevice
. ^9 R- Z4 t- G: U( f9 ` Win32_NetworkAdapter
- b6 t& i q7 L* X0 S8 o Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration4 [( @: z. C1 K4 q5 x/ [& \& j: S
Win32_OnBoardDevice8 M5 M7 m9 C9 ^
Win32_ParallelPort
- |7 Q* f5 `( q0 } Win32_PCMCIAController8 u2 t$ A6 b. n, s2 u6 q* M L: `3 z
Win32_PhysicalMemory3 b7 K% @- y. \5 i! B9 t9 ]
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
/ e( [, e1 T4 p- j. }5 e Win32_PnPEntity
z+ L/ [1 W) |" k+ w2 ` Win32_PointingDevice
I) ~5 P- N3 n. @- @' _ Win32_PortableBattery: G' {( D8 C2 o. ?0 C/ p
Win32_PortConnector% n8 a! ]# _8 L+ M& T
Win32_PortResource+ Y/ V) L' ?# h4 x
Win32_POTSModem4 J3 W: F( h- D( G
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
6 U: f2 N! o! j Win32_Printer8 c5 u5 ^& O7 ]& K
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
; k E) V4 I: p K& H Win32_PrintJob
+ s" G" O9 {) \% H) ` Win32_Processor; O! q7 T( j3 o: F" t# a6 @ e6 Q& D
Win32_Refrigeration$ d6 L) B% Y9 x* c5 y
Win32_SerialPort
/ h% z2 d" _# p0 k8 x% D' J Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
: I* A$ [$ b( @+ W) E0 n Win32_SMBIOSMemory; r1 x9 _; T! W" |. q( n
Win32_SoundDevice' P$ ]0 D+ `/ P: j+ `, [
Win32_SystemEnclosure
3 p& i# x) [4 L2 `% e! Q Win32_SystemMemoryResource
{/ c- _1 l3 J9 ]) [) o Win32_SystemSlot3 Y4 _! K- V. X. p9 n
Win32_TapeDrive
( U* K- E4 n/ X& ^ Win32_TemperatureProbe1 J1 c) |1 r4 D2 j g( d q5 N
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply7 R4 S$ J+ @5 R1 a
Win32_USBController$ z! F9 F! d3 F( B
Win32_VideoConfiguration: {0 C- J( \ X
Win32_VideoController9 [9 j. E; k6 ]; R k6 A+ t' x6 N
Win32_VoltageProbe( q1 O' {/ o0 u/ m
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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