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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
3 ~/ F: { |& Y4 J 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 0 D7 ~# X. n% S8 n
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
7 P" K. I2 {' Q1 ^9 l 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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0 m0 c M- G% t9 G7 l; G) S① 初始化 COM 接口:* v9 ?5 }: a: J' C4 r
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
" u2 B0 t1 D( S- F 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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* h1 O5 `9 A: s2 m② 获取访问 WMI 权限:. S; A \. t, N5 E) L& r: `
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);5 S6 u) K6 m+ E# D3 r+ P" w8 k
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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4 U+ N) f5 W8 N' j③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
1 |8 \3 L4 o( l6 A4 W- X$ \7 y 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。+ V. o+ e& B2 K- E6 L
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)8 A( f* \: z _
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;) D. p& K/ g! J/ x" i; F8 d
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)+ Q: x& B8 g% O4 X( o/ I
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
0 y) U$ G* `0 Q5 ~9 ` WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
) v6 V; |3 S& [& N/ ? if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)+ u# w C) H( ~; [2 r5 e0 e
{
( a5 u9 O( d: O# ?, p- S5 t IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
% q4 I% w% S, m WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
$ C0 O, H1 p; n% s V# C if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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7 g8 C2 ?5 q2 V9 t7 G1 K IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;; e( o- H' H6 R
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;! p, h+ d- \" z8 H; |: S- k! j! `
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)6 E* r. _* {- F5 H( y
{
" B; O& ^5 m k4 ] int iEnumIdx = 0;
U3 s6 J! R% U: m while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)$ b+ r7 o2 {# o
{
( o! u# l) x9 [" e$ W% D( K lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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" [4 K3 F0 U1 n! O, Z) G7 @' J SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
- ?/ ~( V' D1 r5 B/ Y8 M if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
: l4 [' R5 S" b, C& b SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);# B% e& T3 M, y3 i$ m: R' a
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;
+ m0 v6 G0 x' `/ [& f. d wchar_t *wsName = 0;5 G4 z1 T) c3 u2 d" h1 }; w
VARIANT vValue;2 G/ B$ W+ l7 k- |
VariantInit(&vValue);
+ k5 `1 O6 E6 b1 o5 U" y' L. O SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);, X# [9 a6 @6 H4 y6 e
5 y$ P* f) E- p2 c \/ c1 M' c BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);9 X# J# P/ N6 ]6 A: K( @5 i
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
6 e6 U4 ]0 }5 `4 G1 y4 A0 m9 S- ~+ w& S SysFreeString(bs);. J# Z' V {% i0 Q Y
/ ~) g) T5 ~. r1 Z( h if(hRes == S_OK)3 a, I1 O2 H5 F9 A6 Y3 \' F
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AnsiString s;( r& ?2 {; m! @. y; X, \- \
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;, E7 r/ _3 ~* [6 p3 k7 B, h
if(v.IsArray())
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$ B# S$ k. R! i8 ] for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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4 \9 Y' w; h! }2 b s Variant a = v.GetElement(i);. C8 o! v+ A; a/ F1 a
if(!s.IsEmpty())
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s+=VarToStr(a);
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else
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s = VarToStr(v);2 s& _) Z$ B# I& o' \$ Z- S" p
}
2 W3 u6 B! O/ {/ ] lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);7 |& _& n: ]- J" i
SysFreeString(wsName);, x5 x1 p" N9 h/ [4 T
}
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6 M, n% V' ? h6 m& y if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
+ ?6 n& T8 z3 c2 d( o$ A6 @- Q8 b7 F iEnumIdx++;0 d2 e3 x ?" |. F% H' x, J. }3 N1 R
}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();% z3 w1 g0 o" J4 ]
}
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();0 \4 i: r. h( R+ A7 s9 c( o7 o" ^
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();2 N2 T; `" d! }! W
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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_; C9 w, ]# R// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:7 B, k; ^( [0 r0 P' S
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender); V: \: ^ ^$ \1 ^: S5 L
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
9 u0 C, X# b0 ?. j& m {' V1 M GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
' E+ P# y+ r9 T7 }3 X Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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4 I8 u9 U' S; { tWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
- m; ]. S: ^: ~( F8 Y* d Win32_1394Controller
# r0 Q. L' Y* K) Y Win32_BaseBoard
8 z$ c! N1 b: I# F" b+ n" q Win32_Battery
+ A5 L* C c3 j+ ]' }( X Win32_BIOS
2 Q0 ]0 f$ @- f! K3 s* B4 ? Win32_Bus
. S6 i& X1 ^6 {( t9 m9 a3 @7 H r Win32_CacheMemory; _$ f8 w' M3 e+ S5 D) F% M
Win32_CDROMDrive
; M6 K! g+ s; P+ w; I% X Win32_CurrentProbe3 u1 K3 P. X1 w. ]
Win32_DesktopMonitor. n; C" n- I) v2 u
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
2 p$ S! _7 Q1 ~& L9 Z# o Win32_DiskDrive
* }5 r# f; S; u+ ]/ Y Win32_DisplayConfiguration
7 Y9 p$ A) t0 t& _ Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
7 |4 E! B& T" D% Y2 M1 ]7 x2 [8 f Win32_DMAChannel
: [6 I' P6 x+ V5 h! | Win32_Fan
- E. Q w8 m( h% U Win32_FloppyController/ R3 x8 ?) y6 G* r N; P$ w
Win32_FloppyDrive
' K8 ^1 ?2 B( B) r, x2 L3 Z6 | Win32_HeatPipe# g; }4 e- n9 z
Win32_IDEController' V8 q: Y M5 j1 C4 P2 ?
Win32_InfraredDevice
- Y0 ?+ P2 B( R( W X6 B Win32_IRQResource
$ [5 N0 ~6 O6 x0 B+ J5 ^8 ]; t Win32_Keyboard
3 l" n& |" n! a) _ Win32_MemoryArray4 E x: F$ j# v1 b; d4 g
Win32_MemoryDevice
t/ b* M# V7 h, W3 T+ s5 y" n Win32_MotherboardDevice
[# E& s1 E0 D M5 H Win32_NetworkAdapter3 W0 a( O) K. h' n, t" v+ _* P
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
( A1 ]1 O, K5 J6 U Win32_OnBoardDevice
: k9 \& z# L! ?: E! ^ Win32_ParallelPort- {" T' G* ?% p# v# V
Win32_PCMCIAController/ E/ p( ]& ~) b$ Q& O8 W/ Q" S) l: _4 D
Win32_PhysicalMemory
R# P1 i$ D5 @' R$ T- Z Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
6 k( |; d; B% X8 R5 p1 F1 E- K2 v Win32_PnPEntity
" x/ e0 k: }5 h6 U+ k2 ]3 a Win32_PointingDevice$ P/ t* v* t- j& j5 c' Y
Win32_PortableBattery" H% c2 B% S( X3 h& }
Win32_PortConnector
# m( W" ?1 y" V, @6 S( M8 L% | Win32_PortResource. ~& i/ y' N( ]0 O
Win32_POTSModem
! ?, ]: h' t) s8 Q+ H. I7 R Win32_PowerManagementEvent4 w( s+ i$ X* p1 ]6 Z8 U
Win32_Printer
" T! x; F, ]* f; ]# Y- m Win32_PrinterConfiguration4 b6 w8 H! T/ j3 \
Win32_PrintJob9 Y3 D* F7 N, H& B
Win32_Processor! E* ?7 `, N0 _ F3 ^2 s. n
Win32_Refrigeration
4 `5 ~" n8 Y" e1 k: h. o* v Win32_SerialPort: B. h9 [$ \8 d5 B3 ?2 J" _
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration) g. i$ S" r' a0 e
Win32_SMBIOSMemory! S) c! ]1 D2 E' z7 [0 O% Y
Win32_SoundDevice$ n& ^0 h6 f3 C
Win32_SystemEnclosure
8 X- _/ o' u& X6 l2 F Win32_SystemMemoryResource* i, B4 i4 o$ V
Win32_SystemSlot
; P+ |& E7 e, }" j! O Win32_TapeDrive
8 b+ ], j' T# M) q Win32_TemperatureProbe
5 D' M1 O* f( w5 s, w, |6 g# N Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
: ?( M. K* t! n: X( {( N- N Win32_USBController0 J% o, j; M8 s, Z, x( I3 S2 J
Win32_VideoConfiguration
8 U: q& Y& p1 Y+ P# h( u0 C Win32_VideoController: d: x+ k! m5 G
Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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