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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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! y6 y4 o3 }7 z9 b! mWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)2 }; J- o9 [, r0 l8 [& c* U. ]
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
; \1 x2 z: `7 }) ?$ i 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。: d% h2 f/ l: b4 G8 U, D7 m
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面3 F8 g5 f2 _1 N% o* _2 d" `5 r
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① 初始化 COM 接口:0 m" h# d! c& T
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
/ g2 v: ~4 Z4 G1 t4 e 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
' d. s# O* T. K CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);( o9 X3 F' |: O3 d5 S
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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6 T+ ^6 E& V: c/ E③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
; x5 d `6 }7 E% R 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。+ C& F' |) s) E4 k, M
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)# O' x, g, v& j* V" N$ Y3 {0 G6 D! X+ K
{
- K# X) e' t0 P IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
( ^7 |5 x4 M2 x( j# T$ X0 E* J" `6 I if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
( S' t& m6 N1 D8 @ WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");: q" o6 M0 C8 L# B
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)1 s l# Z7 ?2 X- X2 d0 ]) Q
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
; v6 _- j4 P& p( C$ e3 v WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
$ M1 b4 z8 K. m5 l5 o1 E2 K) i# G$ _ if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)" D) J* u& p3 n8 d! F4 X2 ~
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;, P) T7 a! |& K L5 ]
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
, V, R' v8 K* O8 f0 ?0 q' a6 O if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
( v9 R) T) \" V* h' X( v {
( V4 P8 F5 ?. @# q. V J int iEnumIdx = 0;' T5 G9 C) f9 P6 r4 ]* }
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
; |% ^0 x Z* M% o) }$ x if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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8 H) \) ]' D( p4 ~ long vbl, vbu;8 a/ b5 q8 F0 V, c1 Q
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);1 P- v& ]' l6 m# r4 z1 c
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
$ c5 |9 c# @. n" o2 O for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;
9 U* b5 T+ d, K4 s wchar_t *wsName = 0;
$ f5 m/ a8 m; g/ _* ?7 E VARIANT vValue;9 I" x& w; B* d* A' }* o9 s$ _
VariantInit(&vValue);6 f; C" t& u# E( N# c I3 M( @1 q" S
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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6 C9 [. ~7 @: S( j% i6 e3 d; h BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);* U5 D9 E) n8 B' y( r
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
# c4 g9 \+ y! W$ @. B SysFreeString(bs);+ ?% `" u( A$ j R5 s# P& ^
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if(hRes == S_OK)& j" Y M+ d& y* r4 e" q
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AnsiString s;1 M! R6 A; C+ F
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
; C4 m2 f6 _' V4 a' M `( g* h- @* S if(v.IsArray())% C# c; y, b4 L5 H# I: G* i% V
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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, i) s+ @) x, ~; @% ] Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
( h3 C& A7 k8 [& o: K if(!s.IsEmpty())
2 E; n' r9 K. z' }2 v s+=", ";
0 @, D. P0 z5 k+ i w# e0 f6 ^ s+=VarToStr(a);& |) y. K Y9 g9 j. L
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}
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! D5 O; J, A- I$ f3 e s = VarToStr(v);* H* W. g! N8 s
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);9 }/ L# D% j6 D& ]3 K8 K
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VariantClear(&vValue);( s. [6 N5 v' P# I. ~1 U' i' U
SysFreeString(wsName);
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+ G: v/ A% z& y; ~ if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
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}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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1 r R: L; D# r) `) N) B if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();, R% _( o. |& K, A
}
: Y+ X, w2 Q0 G' Y0 _) d if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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5 N1 \( K5 E2 B! A6 B) C* r if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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' z# z: D/ s% b& c3 N// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
7 p5 K0 X7 M. j3 f. Kvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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: {! ^, x7 K6 q8 R! g Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
M: g8 l, k+ N8 f: u GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");$ a5 D! k& w; x
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
$ L# R \/ d2 H H; b8 O8 y Win32_1394Controller0 J; |# c' u& n* z* o& V2 l0 r
Win32_BaseBoard/ U: h! `! s; J' }% F; X& d
Win32_Battery
- Z# ]) J" X' Z Win32_BIOS& j: H' }9 Z2 |* X* q& B9 [; |, I \
Win32_Bus& j8 u+ @. O( o/ {( t
Win32_CacheMemory
- \: I9 r( {/ q6 E7 Z Win32_CDROMDrive
9 O) m! [; w( N Win32_CurrentProbe
, G! I! M% m& C, g& x/ D5 J* w( i Win32_DesktopMonitor
7 W* L; p+ Y( y2 m O6 }) l, c Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress h4 g9 B$ x( W. Q0 q, X" X& g
Win32_DiskDrive4 z# Q& B5 j4 b, k! a% z
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
9 Y# c8 F8 e# ^4 U/ V+ o Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
5 D1 V1 ~+ g7 C5 D& u: _: s* h Win32_DMAChannel
/ b& x5 r- n' O Win32_Fan
" v( ~! \2 c$ y/ l& q B& B Win32_FloppyController; |' b8 P. h0 L, v
Win32_FloppyDrive+ k4 l$ F* k1 ?1 ^8 F$ |& s, _
Win32_HeatPipe( F& n* X6 o$ {) Q
Win32_IDEController& j+ |+ s. h$ W, S
Win32_InfraredDevice
4 P* o: p% [! M6 n6 X3 X Win32_IRQResource
5 S3 p4 A- r% I" Z Win32_Keyboard
' e% d/ `) v8 J7 F9 e+ _ Win32_MemoryArray
! o3 `, J! C b& |! { Win32_MemoryDevice
* [5 x" U* n+ g* A1 Z' Q/ A Win32_MotherboardDevice
! L( h& p" y5 ^' h Win32_NetworkAdapter3 F1 M/ X5 ^" ^7 i" b, y4 ]
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration, M/ K, v& E" s f1 ]( Z( K2 `
Win32_OnBoardDevice% Y/ u/ E `8 n0 h
Win32_ParallelPort
2 y& p1 E2 L- m2 ^+ r Win32_PCMCIAController
5 O- S7 N1 V1 G: T V4 } Win32_PhysicalMemory0 n+ F& u* n+ A
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray3 s. N- L% D' U2 O
Win32_PnPEntity
2 j: ]& R O8 A/ r/ w7 A8 Q% } Win32_PointingDevice
. l0 A6 n2 j; [* N* y Win32_PortableBattery
# m( {. g" a& }4 H! W8 e! I6 H$ C Win32_PortConnector# ?) i2 ~# l% l( v7 }
Win32_PortResource
8 M# y; P% u1 D8 W8 n6 D Win32_POTSModem
% a6 K5 U/ M0 h6 c4 b Win32_PowerManagementEvent$ [$ ~, i/ q$ |: q5 d7 d" ~
Win32_Printer/ ~+ e+ R5 V; s
Win32_PrinterConfiguration' V, }5 I, u" P& `( J; |- O# D5 p
Win32_PrintJob8 ]* |! b0 H! t: r! Z
Win32_Processor8 V! s% R4 z6 {* p& u8 x( j
Win32_Refrigeration
, o! @, k. E4 t" C/ s+ @ Win32_SerialPort( R( c( @& B T u; k% A& y/ b
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
2 d& o6 q4 F5 f. { Win32_SMBIOSMemory$ q+ F" p7 V! L% B9 Y) s4 _6 z9 O% x H
Win32_SoundDevice k! L5 _* T) y! `* u; j; {' y1 s" @
Win32_SystemEnclosure
. O/ N5 z7 @, @, o Win32_SystemMemoryResource7 h% ~! Y' ^8 E$ |3 P, ^
Win32_SystemSlot
5 N' g3 I( R% J ~0 X3 Q Win32_TapeDrive
* W S" z% Y/ l3 x1 ~ Win32_TemperatureProbe2 U1 c! s9 [ u8 C+ p
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply H% B: ^' {" e
Win32_USBController
i# \ U6 I' o3 s: N; g Win32_VideoConfiguration
1 A* a! t8 [8 ?. J' F; m Win32_VideoController. L8 `) j% e5 H7 p
Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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