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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)4 t7 O% d1 ~9 t/ j
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' \1 o$ y2 i! C( hWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
7 }3 ~0 o) h7 m$ N0 b* X: ` 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 6 K1 {5 ?# a8 y) m
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。6 i( A/ d' y5 p. t `
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面+ C+ [% U9 T- u" V, P% ?
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' ?. t& x5 J% Z0 q① 初始化 COM 接口:
5 h9 M+ Q* L7 H6 N7 i: R# L% B 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。 {0 k" C5 @6 o" a3 o0 W
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:$ ?8 e. A: s! l5 S0 T7 ~* L' z
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
" E2 j$ r& k, d8 y 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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; \- x, Z: t$ @0 i' p③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
* W- W7 [1 f3 {. G5 I 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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. G3 }0 ^, H, o0 K3 x IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;8 _" m4 z! K' A7 ?1 M Q- N* X% y# f( c
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK), i5 x, h4 Z$ D* O6 B
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;4 N7 r( q2 m6 |9 R
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");* V) {7 }( ~/ e5 v& i) S
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)/ b& _$ F/ ?4 }
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;6 |1 x9 b: [0 H
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;% P/ t- U: I$ v- v
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK), v8 k1 s8 H1 M* ?
{
3 @7 ^" Y5 G- C' Z( H IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;/ C) D# H0 I( J/ E7 j3 c+ v0 H
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
2 U+ m# @0 p1 D1 ~; |( D: t. P& Y if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;( n0 L* Q: j) m4 t: h1 j }6 C! d
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");; D1 |8 O7 r$ p- |+ ]1 X
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;$ q$ @2 n9 W. A
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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% `! \2 N" o* R& A' Q& D long vbl, vbu;$ S( p6 N/ N, H& C' {" |
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
$ \. K. Z" ?: j0 }* Q9 t SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
" [% X( D& d' X6 m& X7 v9 ^ for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++). e$ b; h0 G( V" N- d/ \2 Y
{
8 H0 g8 F# a& W2 L9 D5 E/ K0 r3 X long aidx = idx;
) z8 q. t$ t" S( T3 i wchar_t *wsName = 0;6 y* I& K+ L h6 s+ O/ T
VARIANT vValue;* S4 T% E" B5 [/ t
VariantInit(&vValue);. D- s2 C n7 D: t! A: y m0 B
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);6 ]9 u+ r+ y! K+ Z! x5 y4 }; y
. [+ J, I) a, Q$ j+ U BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
0 a+ j0 D. P- ?4 h; m. D HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);8 Q, a, p1 D# u: y6 n1 B
SysFreeString(bs);( s7 g* ]6 @% F9 i+ i
" x" w1 J3 L& J! Q1 \9 h if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;
2 s" S" H& m+ n' ?4 O Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
/ s/ L7 U- c" j" B+ _& a' u if(v.IsArray())8 v A8 t5 V7 X4 c* ]
{
8 \. c" ]+ J G) O# h* T* e( d! y' P for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)1 E# F& q7 d, _
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
- Y- R3 ?' J+ ? M! E# w5 q if(!s.IsEmpty())5 b: Q8 c0 y+ x' W6 d8 {8 f* e
s+=", ";
& X; I( o" }' B L# K9 u s+=VarToStr(a);
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else
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2 C' h2 `. M6 b+ j$ [) S s = VarToStr(v); I0 `5 Z6 f. c& h5 c" F% d. r
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);
: f: ]" ~+ D) N P) y SysFreeString(wsName);: Y( r: ^4 J# I* F& ]! Y
}
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);9 ~) P8 w( q1 G3 Z+ M% U1 _
iEnumIdx++;
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();! }( O6 Z- t% R# u5 n% p9 ?* ^4 W$ Y) {
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();- d9 e8 ?6 A4 k6 B; r0 v1 y5 j8 J0 ^3 w
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------2 F. I# Z6 L1 P. a0 h. P# I# y
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:5 u9 |$ t8 V/ g" R n3 H3 |
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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% _$ ]9 _ @2 b Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
4 u/ T8 l% k0 R) d5 k: | GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");& ^- v0 j0 X: V) _4 I
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
' _' f/ f! D t8 e+ v% O9 W3 X Win32_1394Controller
4 r1 H4 P2 s4 s+ f& E: [7 Z- @ Win32_BaseBoard% j4 S% G( {: | B1 J- q
Win32_Battery
5 X7 {; N2 h, c( G1 T6 | Win32_BIOS
6 b2 i3 l: T& U! X Win32_Bus" _9 a) g8 d; s& w
Win32_CacheMemory
6 d2 z& Q7 F$ b- {& ^, [6 n, \ Win32_CDROMDrive4 P4 p/ w1 l3 ?
Win32_CurrentProbe, w4 s3 s8 J; ?0 \; n
Win32_DesktopMonitor
; V. p }8 j0 f& ~ Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress {3 F- T) z% w5 m
Win32_DiskDrive
t% m z6 J) f+ h9 }- Q Win32_DisplayConfiguration
( `: d6 R8 N) J& ]1 w$ P* F Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
. R7 v2 d) e* r4 C Win32_DMAChannel3 M/ H7 ]" @8 `$ b# ^: k+ D. A8 t7 `
Win32_Fan
6 d8 `% P! {9 { Win32_FloppyController. f. ]$ I! W1 A+ B# ?
Win32_FloppyDrive
* ]3 h3 s$ h* `, q' ^2 R1 f Win32_HeatPipe! U- Y! a7 k1 I! T, k
Win32_IDEController7 {5 J* ~. ~3 P4 @/ _
Win32_InfraredDevice/ n7 [6 [6 V3 ~; Y* f$ X4 N
Win32_IRQResource6 x6 d+ Q7 b) {" j$ C8 c
Win32_Keyboard. H3 L# C% W" o& A4 {
Win32_MemoryArray
& f3 o; l5 Y6 F& e j9 w! f* p Win32_MemoryDevice' s( k8 j! F- p8 q" ?2 g
Win32_MotherboardDevice
: C! A& S9 p) b/ \7 U. O2 Q( x Win32_NetworkAdapter" d* w$ U( l3 c8 v
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
2 Y+ R, H0 B3 ?' O! Z Win32_OnBoardDevice
) h0 E9 \8 K7 G' ~' @ Win32_ParallelPort8 D% {" F" \0 _4 l; D# U0 [, m7 w
Win32_PCMCIAController
/ K0 J \0 H( n Win32_PhysicalMemory
5 i5 h6 ?$ ]/ B1 d* c8 V Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
" C# X( \, V! z' m0 u- r' _# f; l Win32_PnPEntity) @' i( F( V/ R4 D* t1 ?; H) r
Win32_PointingDevice0 U2 Z* g" N$ h2 ]9 i9 E6 C* \
Win32_PortableBattery. h8 u' U/ i- I* g7 \: L$ u& i
Win32_PortConnector
* J# w: e2 ^/ f; Q* b' X/ [ Win32_PortResource5 ]0 E/ E: w3 T8 V2 ?4 {6 Y
Win32_POTSModem
& @! T* ^; S* Z" Z( |( K Win32_PowerManagementEvent
3 ]1 n/ c8 w' J/ j9 w Win32_Printer
* N9 r( P6 j8 p Win32_PrinterConfiguration
P0 j4 A" Y% w$ P8 N& F8 s Win32_PrintJob
3 d3 s* ^* u0 k7 |+ Z: t; v Win32_Processor
! I7 Y, ]7 @& M9 J3 W+ \( H Win32_Refrigeration
! C7 v8 Q# k1 ^6 |& q$ E% g9 j Win32_SerialPort' d) ?3 q/ w8 \& e2 F w O6 J' s
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
/ s2 @! C0 W# N [7 f2 b Win32_SMBIOSMemory: I, |& t: c/ a: v% G
Win32_SoundDevice, h4 u9 X _4 x0 c1 T( n+ G: F
Win32_SystemEnclosure |$ O5 ]* p$ F0 R, {$ K
Win32_SystemMemoryResource3 b# W" x' i+ V# ]% ]
Win32_SystemSlot" |4 @ T3 O) [
Win32_TapeDrive
, y {( m; u2 w4 C+ N' H; e Win32_TemperatureProbe& N+ ]- ]' I/ \8 ]. k
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
( h" b- G2 {# J8 i% b# ~ Win32_USBController
/ c1 k8 L0 I) X- Z' e: G8 g# M Win32_VideoConfiguration
# p1 R2 A6 Q7 U. J: X Win32_VideoController
6 q2 Y7 q n. g# v2 W, r* y3 J Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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