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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)5 i) L3 r& a8 b7 q3 k
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; a8 \6 m: _' t# _2 Z3 BWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具) ^1 B9 M# x6 b/ Q. O
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
" W" I) J2 d' J+ @# a! q9 t& X 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。4 o2 Y; ~6 O* f. E
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面/ n% l1 J$ \1 F) s
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
5 t/ @9 E( C4 G8 A 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。/ b7 L4 P1 X5 b7 c B& X
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。9 }* @! q- X1 J0 F1 y
( G# c) T! ]8 @3 L2 I8 Z② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
2 Y# Y0 Q" O# `, Z CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);! D- v8 j7 A4 U6 V: [
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。8 ?4 y7 Z+ H- U% a0 K+ }
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:3 \' _2 H, `+ p- M) H
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。+ q3 k- f! b4 U* C2 `8 h7 Q
. i8 L y" v9 r. @void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)8 q* o- ~- H8 J4 _3 J6 t" ?
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
9 ?$ E+ [- k9 U: |5 T5 }$ X if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL; G# m3 E* L5 D# t$ _% C
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");# j" |2 C' U+ l' k, J6 s) `
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)2 g$ W0 K7 M3 P
{
% H/ p( `/ T9 S* g9 b, ?+ c: l IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
" w% M+ J/ v6 N3 X WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
3 a3 p k4 H$ u5 u/ l3 n if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK), y( y: K: v, l8 e+ Z* j% O Z
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
+ }, n0 q0 m2 R2 Y6 p0 g1 A$ ]* n ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
$ r2 j# a% j6 D$ y3 H if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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7 V. k4 m) ^+ u& a! s# N5 Z7 o! ` int iEnumIdx = 0;
6 ?; h8 }% q; }) O while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");, ]4 u( m% m" i- U* U
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;+ M5 r2 g% t% l# S6 N* G% w6 \9 ?
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)4 n& z% U* v1 F8 @6 u
{
% M2 u5 t6 B6 Q long vbl, vbu;, ^" C6 x s3 \$ ~; T, g' M
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
/ ~) _. k. b% b7 i: U/ d, ~ SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
' D) \. u$ g( G7 T& V: `. f1 W% y for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;
5 k, A) K4 y$ Z6 y9 I; j3 p0 j wchar_t *wsName = 0;
/ `* v( A& v9 M" i+ ?# O7 W VARIANT vValue;2 {4 |- O' U) @
VariantInit(&vValue);' P& t# t' f0 t) n& G& T( q u
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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6 Q/ ~7 ~& k; G7 ]2 i' D BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
! B& K7 j' l+ z2 W- F0 _ HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);+ v; a1 A, q! Q
SysFreeString(bs);
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0 _& Z( l+ W; e# j: M if(hRes == S_OK)
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+ i* t0 r) [$ z/ R AnsiString s;
! l) c& [% {+ W6 z/ ^- {1 ~/ c Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
7 K9 C0 i0 F$ L. Z, O if(v.IsArray())/ I; S0 c+ x- `
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++), _6 H. M$ F0 K" I
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
: n2 {* H, d" ?: W if(!s.IsEmpty())- {' B* y% n& ^) h# m# W- G4 |! _. ^
s+=", ";0 u- c, ]# `# y' \4 y. v6 t
s+=VarToStr(a);
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4 r, L7 s+ n6 J* z4 R7 Q. @! N s = VarToStr(v);
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0 b# a. g% p& o4 K' V# ?. x% z lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);% r* R2 l5 c$ w j( _, G( l* i1 W( o
SysFreeString(wsName);! X- v& l+ r# i5 [! ^7 o2 I$ t4 S
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);, _% L& t. ~# A# u" `
iEnumIdx++;! y8 L. p# ~. J2 O$ H
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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5 @7 I8 H' m: R; W3 w7 |- m if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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, Z' C& C3 \4 R+ } if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();" b0 t4 p3 D! P6 b0 M9 Y }, b3 |
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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+ _5 J6 v% T/ X7 }; H// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:* w1 x9 U, a2 \# x
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");! h! q+ p' t0 D) s4 s9 u
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
4 @/ q. X+ _4 M t Memo1->Lines->Add("");3 U1 q3 y: | @& m4 o- ]) s3 E Y+ ~
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' r l5 ^. @9 R oWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:0 f0 T5 Y, A1 E) ?' C" E d$ ^; a
Win32_1394Controller' Z2 s# n# O& ]7 X2 P
Win32_BaseBoard
6 p; d% K2 s5 s- o1 Q, \ Win32_Battery5 d Y; o! @( I9 ^, |2 D
Win32_BIOS
* { z( ]' e3 {! n, A- H/ g) m Win32_Bus
r: E7 Q! A: k1 O Win32_CacheMemory+ L9 h9 B: d# Q6 l0 Y0 B6 @
Win32_CDROMDrive; y+ z2 g4 @, Q6 B+ S; M9 {
Win32_CurrentProbe) t) l: U6 z( H1 Y% b; T
Win32_DesktopMonitor
/ T! Z, y0 t- A) @ Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress4 ]& n# `9 l3 ~- E- r- L0 r4 S! @1 ?
Win32_DiskDrive
& e( ]7 ^8 O! [- q w7 E Win32_DisplayConfiguration1 o9 v6 T2 M$ z
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration: ~( r$ X( V+ B6 z5 M3 R
Win32_DMAChannel5 j- Y; F3 I. m7 u
Win32_Fan, d' C" k1 |4 {3 B; w5 s, V
Win32_FloppyController
% h6 }2 Y0 D+ O$ j& b Win32_FloppyDrive. D, J+ n; O1 Q
Win32_HeatPipe Y/ l. V6 u, h+ F
Win32_IDEController
( ^4 X9 `( v1 V5 \( r; Y Win32_InfraredDevice
9 E) K. ^, U2 x/ U1 k6 a3 s Win32_IRQResource F3 V! c D; x% }+ v# W
Win32_Keyboard: f' u. a1 O, c) Z
Win32_MemoryArray( h( Y6 f! x0 B) I2 Y4 w `
Win32_MemoryDevice
! ^& s" p" ^7 q3 C, J2 r+ {6 _% y3 [ Win32_MotherboardDevice9 X9 ^0 _" d: m/ {( k1 x+ j% P
Win32_NetworkAdapter
4 ?1 g2 B: s" N: J2 ~. S# W Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration, P9 X% l' r2 M6 c) K% }
Win32_OnBoardDevice
% d1 ~3 e0 K4 H" ^9 a Win32_ParallelPort& o0 Q. o$ I* E, ]- X+ Q. w
Win32_PCMCIAController) f% r! e( q$ l" u; C$ d# f
Win32_PhysicalMemory
/ e! l2 T) e( y3 Q7 D8 t8 D0 \; ` Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
, J; }. i8 U$ |% B) V Win32_PnPEntity
6 B/ R' y' x3 _* t1 ~% D Win32_PointingDevice$ e( ?1 G0 ~: J
Win32_PortableBattery
- R' v6 [+ S1 ?0 U$ L! B Win32_PortConnector
9 k/ I3 {* ?5 h3 W# W# l) E Win32_PortResource
" i9 w1 v! a& I/ n1 F1 U2 f Win32_POTSModem7 }6 s3 b5 ~8 x) W+ e! I
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
. h! f* F7 A* \6 ^- t* y4 A Win32_Printer- L$ @, a/ Z3 R2 s6 M: G
Win32_PrinterConfiguration, F4 D7 {. `, i. n- s
Win32_PrintJob: a% L- q" q. d; a2 `
Win32_Processor& I( J/ d- J: s: U0 v
Win32_Refrigeration( i) n( ?) [8 c7 ^1 L
Win32_SerialPort
5 U# s9 r; i7 |1 u: `/ ~/ W* j. H Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
& L- E, b5 R. E; V k9 i# k$ x& o Win32_SMBIOSMemory' Z- Q$ k& j% h/ C
Win32_SoundDevice! q( F) D; [; M3 U) y% v
Win32_SystemEnclosure7 i/ ?0 j/ g* n2 G+ ]. J. i% o
Win32_SystemMemoryResource, _& T% X* D% }+ ~& l/ f- }( l7 S- t
Win32_SystemSlot$ U; \$ _+ Y- v' Q' ^6 ~& X
Win32_TapeDrive
8 @2 J, ]& T7 ?8 n4 G4 S6 A1 a( [ Win32_TemperatureProbe
& ~' Z" X3 Y3 X& n3 D# c Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
7 |& }) d0 j( S4 E; M1 } Win32_USBController( O: Z: c+ O* B: v) X: e" S
Win32_VideoConfiguration
3 G, b3 O6 l, T Win32_VideoController
B" g* s% k6 L* | Win32_VoltageProbe" v) [4 \, A3 [" q4 D2 f' g3 q
0 ^/ _/ {. \& r# k/ P" x( |7 w以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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