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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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% D( I E$ R. c& X2 g; GWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
2 ^9 j: [' e4 s5 s% Y 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 2 w& u6 P4 I) _4 j' S
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
. M" t# P) V0 O6 J! K# G 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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1 ~; ~5 b9 {6 I- RBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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5 n- c7 q; q0 ^$ ]3 P① 初始化 COM 接口:1 Y& }0 K3 \8 D
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。9 b! Z: g0 n0 N
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。2 c/ d7 k5 p ]) ~# F' {0 } P
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
+ z/ }4 r9 c2 u% I CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);5 f. S7 r! J9 ~1 R
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:* i {( `: l* }% @2 @1 Q1 m0 @
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。2 S# j9 }3 |6 t3 x9 c* M @( b* z
5 I6 C0 D% z7 x+ U9 {; l& X0 [void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass); c" _( Y+ S- Z; E
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;; }) v5 } D% m1 O
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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0 r# b( N" m/ B+ e IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
$ u& `( D4 a* ]- o: ` WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");* Q( ~6 h6 @$ J7 @. S
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)4 H" ]" l' R7 R# j% u( c0 k& M& B. P
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
7 O& R! Y9 N2 X% |0 t WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;3 \/ R8 N' g- ?* A+ y
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK). ^$ d, R1 _6 G$ a
{
7 y3 r% \6 e# ~) ~ IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;2 ~! d- y9 V' v* w7 p% n1 ^
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;: l; e$ h; l. d" U( o- D' S2 F" F
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;
& A! C S8 Y- h while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)! R. _% x! [/ |0 o
{
" i0 z6 U5 |' @* O; E: g& m lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");& u6 @" G c7 p7 A* M
& [* r4 t6 O* K' D f* P' { SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
. K; Y: |9 {- T# t ` if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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+ o" X7 w$ m6 e5 V% j. [9 { long vbl, vbu;
1 X0 J }. k0 Z6 g SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
7 U2 n2 l$ p+ H SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
& L% S* U5 M9 R1 y" d$ N, F for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)& \- s& S0 C6 `% c
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long aidx = idx;, J( }1 A5 x: N9 p, j& m
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
/ h i$ k/ i8 d( V' T: G+ G' G VARIANT vValue;
1 N) e8 y6 M# L VariantInit(&vValue);: M. ]5 S9 L6 k8 T, k# y
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);. v9 R' t6 w1 E6 v+ Q
1 S0 A9 ^3 X7 @! O, g: O BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);7 K2 v5 P, O3 `& s& b/ {
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);# e( ?( n% G5 E
SysFreeString(bs);
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* X* `( R& T' C$ t if(hRes == S_OK), P* C2 h2 m3 X) v% w; O ^) f
{
2 i! `$ O* K/ l+ _4 X" Z' T- D7 u9 m AnsiString s;. f+ z9 n' a+ C4 t0 K1 d
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
' U) L9 H* | N' ~8 c; Q if(v.IsArray())) H2 ^" z' H4 p
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)6 E: @4 x I2 |8 M! }6 Y
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);( C! l$ b! z' m
if(!s.IsEmpty()), B; ~6 n' {1 U8 A* m+ l% L
s+=", ";
2 l( s+ R. G' ? s+=VarToStr(a);1 C G4 o' ^2 z! u( _7 S" a! u/ U
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}
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{
" E, m! f/ \$ Q( ?5 s s = VarToStr(v);$ q! P! m+ a# c# q
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);3 `5 e, |3 w7 ~" j; j
}
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VariantClear(&vValue);# ]5 R& N* a) ?
SysFreeString(wsName);
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, k7 C( i9 T+ e2 X( B" P+ n% ~ if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
) N* V, J. p s+ p% o( Y iEnumIdx++;
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();! h. a& K0 K& a$ Y& I' @
}
4 [8 u& U- S4 A if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();( A. i/ b5 l! h4 U1 l- }" K$ q
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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$ I: V& k q& `) k- G H, h//---------------------------------------------------------------------------2 U( c* D0 }8 a/ C
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:# x& l/ H% K/ g% Y7 X' h
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");7 G$ I+ W4 Z0 o. o2 v% @: ^5 f# Z
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");, l5 X& _1 i8 r. Y+ Y' x7 ^' i
Memo1->Lines->Add("");% Q M, O* {' W8 r8 C3 j
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
2 i* i( F, {$ | Win32_1394Controller4 { r2 j6 S# y" V. a: n' w
Win32_BaseBoard( d) F) L( M6 l
Win32_Battery9 m: r: I9 ]; p, `" m1 [% b4 h
Win32_BIOS
! Q) b/ x8 \2 e% z4 R Win32_Bus
1 z2 W/ C( z& U4 _! Q% j+ G2 k* S Win32_CacheMemory6 j# l4 P/ E. {/ {3 O' _" ?
Win32_CDROMDrive
% w; d+ n H/ T Win32_CurrentProbe
& b. e8 R$ ~- H7 o) g9 ~ Win32_DesktopMonitor3 E# C; b5 P8 p4 _5 [7 \: N
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress( x7 F6 @. N# w L- ?0 g& V
Win32_DiskDrive
# Z5 C [3 M+ m( O* a. O& ` Win32_DisplayConfiguration. ~7 C7 Y# y) [
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
o4 n. m6 j! s$ ?0 |! L4 N Win32_DMAChannel
3 y6 C* A6 B2 I6 r Win32_Fan( N7 X+ m$ G/ ^
Win32_FloppyController. A! [( r6 O7 x4 ^* S
Win32_FloppyDrive
2 {+ G8 J* ]/ h4 G8 r Win32_HeatPipe
& b( K: p+ L- ?0 B! h7 e: d+ | Win32_IDEController& c- c" C" z1 a& F! T" _
Win32_InfraredDevice+ V! V" y( y0 S8 q) R
Win32_IRQResource" @( m: v* x8 S* G7 U
Win32_Keyboard/ o* {' w: m- x) R7 |" a
Win32_MemoryArray1 ]' c9 r6 v n' V, X; ^+ n* e
Win32_MemoryDevice
8 Q l% D8 W& P8 a0 ~ Win32_MotherboardDevice# L4 z* k) I6 [- v) {8 q
Win32_NetworkAdapter& J, D7 U# S& j2 n# o$ E
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration0 r6 ]: B. u* r+ @; V
Win32_OnBoardDevice
0 D" S1 Y3 Q4 y/ R. t0 q u6 R3 [ Win32_ParallelPort
9 H/ K* F2 r2 J; ~% s Win32_PCMCIAController$ I/ |: y0 l7 F
Win32_PhysicalMemory& @7 \- w7 V7 k# S( { j: r2 \
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray/ s4 J: o% [. B+ J1 v; U
Win32_PnPEntity2 r/ `! ?9 Q1 C, g( C! C
Win32_PointingDevice; M1 \2 A+ b, B& m' L) O6 l
Win32_PortableBattery5 W8 B+ R8 L! a8 s% A' e$ t
Win32_PortConnector
" V S S8 r1 { Win32_PortResource
( c6 L" n2 Y$ a1 ]2 B, g Win32_POTSModem
: t' p" D9 z8 X& z3 z Win32_PowerManagementEvent* L* x" H, Y: N- [9 q
Win32_Printer$ b3 t' }) k8 Z1 U+ h: p
Win32_PrinterConfiguration! Q6 {3 h" B& G# J7 I+ v
Win32_PrintJob, L$ j# s9 O0 B3 o' d! d
Win32_Processor
2 r: U+ S, i" {' ]5 r9 g Win32_Refrigeration# u8 t- Q& p( a) q
Win32_SerialPort
) D% [! ~7 E# K$ B) K3 C( P) U Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
0 C1 J; ^9 \$ p, S: U a `& T Win32_SMBIOSMemory" G0 X2 ~; i9 D/ f! e s
Win32_SoundDevice0 u9 U! l! g8 t/ Z, m
Win32_SystemEnclosure8 O2 E& B$ X) X+ j0 {& h
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
l) x0 N/ ]. C$ \ Win32_SystemSlot
5 Y$ k& ^8 ~. \& d- D Win32_TapeDrive. m# b. A5 T& M9 {2 U3 V# `# ?2 l
Win32_TemperatureProbe" C3 K- ]* v o" K" K0 q! k3 X
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
6 Q/ w( R( X' x( I9 u Win32_USBController$ Z' f- N$ ?* q7 X. S# D$ Z
Win32_VideoConfiguration2 M" W9 [5 Y( a0 J
Win32_VideoController
$ [: W: l" {" [- n Win32_VoltageProbe9 ?6 l5 t- Z) f: ^3 G7 q7 D6 o7 W
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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