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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)8 i* R( n1 P2 z: ]/ a# J) G
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)6 L7 v; I: I. C
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
, y% y& }+ J5 g, h, N 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
, b: Q5 F8 m Z 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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$ F5 x' I4 H6 i. c. ^8 o, B2 o① 初始化 COM 接口:7 M. }7 o& n( C8 Q! a
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。* w7 h$ i, {3 F! I" s
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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# j) B# }0 B& q3 Y* Y② 获取访问 WMI 权限:- n# J1 l2 J1 E O
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
8 J5 J: U5 K. V, I% b 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:. g, B! D0 D' I4 i) ^
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。- M7 t* S7 p4 G# P$ `2 |
4 R* A. Q7 r G# I5 P& Xvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
9 Y ]4 F" H. v9 E" J W& [ if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)! k7 A2 N+ @! E# K
{
; t# \' { U4 {/ L3 c% r. r IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;& J; s, c. ~& v. A
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");. Y1 D/ N- x! d) u/ z+ I
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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' b- ?! ?9 T2 [4 T3 S) F IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;( P4 F& f3 m W& |+ s
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;+ @4 v7 T/ t7 x& g9 O/ B! y
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK): [# h1 O+ ?/ \' X6 p, z
{
' d: O( K9 d7 S' _0 x( T" ~" r$ ?. G IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
. g" M( f7 @$ g/ f; L) L \2 U, U ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
8 M' A& C* B5 ~* E$ g if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)6 }( Q1 \: z% H$ f7 ^/ m
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int iEnumIdx = 0;/ R/ O, x" J2 j
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)0 P7 |7 m4 |- T
{
7 U/ ?! }8 y- @. a: r2 y lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");; Y2 A! I- c6 @$ f1 r( @
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;" Y7 j/ A) ~; M, C: q- u: e2 `
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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9 D9 G2 A5 ?8 a: W Z long vbl, vbu;
! P# n3 U9 h8 @+ G( J6 | SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);( F6 k- K# G# D: a
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);: g. ?. n. `2 W- R; N: F3 ?+ ~
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)) K1 L7 f, W. i5 k, [
{
# |" I, C- V- X# }) \ long aidx = idx;- Z" n8 R4 w/ a$ ]- o3 p7 a
wchar_t *wsName = 0; {% t+ w; D- q- D- ]; r. o3 L; Q
VARIANT vValue;
' ?1 G. m, }: ]4 @ VariantInit(&vValue);9 k6 H3 R- N$ B6 }
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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* w( }) K" R0 n& E, c- d BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
0 v1 ~& P1 K j' W7 |* }( [ HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);; L; d: y& a. P+ P: c
SysFreeString(bs);
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- K6 |8 F& ?! }( {6 h* ~& g1 S5 G if(hRes == S_OK)
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* @' T" w, D+ r4 G3 l+ c5 q AnsiString s;; j; D. X1 J- _3 s+ j) t
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;( l& k- j, y( h' o( u: l
if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)* z# F6 s( g' M
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
: A! @0 x9 j, X& D. D if(!s.IsEmpty())
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s+=VarToStr(a);& y, S) r0 G V3 z8 {! v
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}
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{
# H# k" ^' t5 z8 x; k s = VarToStr(v);6 {9 l% F% z9 v3 Z
}
9 x7 z8 U2 c3 F3 s4 Y. c+ { lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);& P) _+ p7 x8 o) H
}
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5 `$ ^1 c6 @- } e3 }% r VariantClear(&vValue);
' g3 N& G- l/ l' t! w) J! r SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);# z# z0 H% s( \' U, F4 j
iEnumIdx++;
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();" j. W; i7 z2 {
}
' R. e0 A8 X0 [9 h. Q; \ if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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# T" T8 A! n; ?& W: w- { if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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J) V n# W- j n | s4 B0 a2 n//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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( \2 h; h- ^' Q' W" A# \- }/ v// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
* U) A' y& ]* q: Ivoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender); ^' J9 ]1 X S: f7 m( U7 {/ y' M6 G
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");6 H& D6 _0 P8 |* y
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
% _# f3 L" N* \ Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:3 R7 [' G3 \( k) B) G8 W
Win32_1394Controller
- J$ D8 _& Q. I8 | Win32_BaseBoard( O- T. }+ f4 ?/ B' b) h: h
Win32_Battery4 ~' X1 C* b! p7 \0 k2 I
Win32_BIOS! E; w2 w) Q/ E0 m
Win32_Bus
- T4 f, Y+ U; h$ o Win32_CacheMemory$ Q& ]0 q1 z! v% e! P/ V
Win32_CDROMDrive* ~# @4 r+ g' [
Win32_CurrentProbe3 B6 I$ I3 ^) U- ^
Win32_DesktopMonitor/ k3 \8 @/ I/ q8 v) T7 f: r
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress( B4 {! l1 l% a1 \
Win32_DiskDrive
/ g& v: B' Y, b Win32_DisplayConfiguration
3 C$ ~, b8 z: m8 _ Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
' P7 t& ]! ]3 n' Q Win32_DMAChannel
, L! x/ w& W" W+ X$ w9 Z. v8 M Win32_Fan
0 B3 q6 z2 |4 F; O6 P# @" D5 _ Win32_FloppyController7 _) I3 s0 ~& y( c
Win32_FloppyDrive) }, G+ g8 _$ ~* v8 K; y2 D
Win32_HeatPipe) j, \( D8 k; z: C3 w$ v
Win32_IDEController
5 o# }4 r7 U4 F/ s2 |" y Win32_InfraredDevice7 I v4 g6 P$ f
Win32_IRQResource( L- {1 ?/ B7 j, x1 T7 p3 L
Win32_Keyboard
' \; s- y" f6 E; W! E5 Z% N# r0 S Win32_MemoryArray
0 w, B. p1 s* E) I: d* {/ U# ]9 L Win32_MemoryDevice/ k" f# d" u- _: ?7 p1 C+ O
Win32_MotherboardDevice
3 n! {% q- L% t9 A; y1 v- R( K Win32_NetworkAdapter8 ~6 a# D) w4 p. o7 J6 \! n$ P
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
5 O4 [# E6 a( w" y4 l6 _ Win32_OnBoardDevice
; ^# [0 \8 }& w7 G Win32_ParallelPort
& ^5 q; `" F4 E8 n# @( o Win32_PCMCIAController$ |! t* {9 {) a# o9 O
Win32_PhysicalMemory
8 {! y1 H o0 T3 P! a" g0 ^ Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray% u! r: X. k1 p( Q
Win32_PnPEntity+ G9 Y% W) p! t* i$ H5 m8 Z
Win32_PointingDevice- M* l7 W* W5 k3 Q1 d, @. A4 r
Win32_PortableBattery
3 Y q1 ^+ g" F3 g: P Win32_PortConnector0 ^- M/ [6 v* i9 P/ z# t+ z
Win32_PortResource
8 Z- e/ ~' y2 R B" a, b- ~2 F Win32_POTSModem
6 N4 }5 Y1 C% G) b Win32_PowerManagementEvent
. a7 ^ ]4 h7 ` d% I Win32_Printer
5 Z6 o' N7 E$ U5 E, x. J# K5 W. s Win32_PrinterConfiguration
- O7 o1 O, I4 s Win32_PrintJob* }4 b! O/ I. U+ [1 b- H* y4 j* |2 x
Win32_Processor: {- H- Y& I t4 Z
Win32_Refrigeration& U4 x/ l. r& ]7 x" u Y
Win32_SerialPort
% R) l& x% K* F$ P( d( s" r Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
* C" G+ R$ f, O! _# e f8 h Win32_SMBIOSMemory4 Q B9 F8 F6 s, `2 G
Win32_SoundDevice# f5 x# y0 p( _
Win32_SystemEnclosure2 a7 b6 e# x2 G9 K3 b" v3 `
Win32_SystemMemoryResource2 i% B2 r/ ]" d9 E# @( q( }, w& k
Win32_SystemSlot% j: q ^* }4 b
Win32_TapeDrive7 }# [3 L4 i* K; d, U' m
Win32_TemperatureProbe( R6 S8 s% H: c
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
L) S* G% j5 p4 W- p, I. |; Y Win32_USBController
J$ M% P( W+ S6 R Win32_VideoConfiguration& j% t" ?+ R1 U T4 W0 [
Win32_VideoController- e9 X B1 O/ Z! f) S# @0 S# n
Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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