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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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8 J- z! z1 v2 M8 k& Y4 O3 iWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
9 _/ b% d9 }9 F$ ?- i3 l1 j. M$ l 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 & _* k0 ~1 K+ E- t
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
. R8 a& N/ o f& J: T 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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) L q! }+ p( o E( D. V& d. G. R8 @BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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* k* j! U& H* K& E8 f! ^) a9 K* D① 初始化 COM 接口:6 B# S& W/ t7 Q, K7 J6 D% ]
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。. w, _/ g7 b/ z# X# n
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。6 n1 T" g0 N( E' m+ I( ]
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
6 ~9 V5 B' `( n8 \ CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
) X* l) X" l# D9 R9 m: u" X, J5 {; F 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。2 Q, H: G' \& @6 L( F
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:- n4 _2 R* r- V p
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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8 M2 T; t$ }; ^void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)5 U6 P3 E1 Q# V, c
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;& _, ?$ B$ k4 t: C/ B
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK). e7 K9 Z# C, J8 _: ~( \% c9 `
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
O; r/ [9 u( M. m WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");; w( S; k( [& X- L. |5 J. x
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)0 t( R" V9 b ]& f1 ~( X
{
% j6 K# M" l1 V$ L1 N IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;( `) N9 f6 A; K; p2 n, `6 w4 B
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
5 Z' a, z) z$ |& w2 L if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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, d) n1 O& D( f# W' ? IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
) K) t3 x/ o+ j0 m: `. w8 M# q# D1 j ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
, k: H5 C1 Y( w4 _ if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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3 T, A9 s2 b r. h9 W int iEnumIdx = 0;
* l- q9 J2 b5 S* t! E while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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# A' L2 M* z' b lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");1 c" \" `5 l# z: C) y! F! c
% }# P% a& w- W SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
# m! I8 }3 H' F9 q if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)( O" X( J5 v1 A: l) x7 F0 H: A
{
/ d/ U7 v( ~+ S7 k2 ]- p' { long vbl, vbu;
: ^* S o8 Z& h T$ l$ N7 K0 S SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
- ?, P" J5 ~& Z1 p; S+ }& H SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);% H2 [6 o7 \0 m* [
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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3 g+ O5 b% @6 K8 |, Y5 ~ c long aidx = idx;' O2 _6 ` z+ n9 I
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
& ?! l/ X2 @( z% I4 T VARIANT vValue;. f( o9 n( t6 `8 H" ]0 d' B
VariantInit(&vValue);8 b" R' L! G+ o9 W5 H7 p7 w
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);1 E) j; f, q5 U7 F
# r+ F6 D0 m5 S, h BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);/ O- T. _( V5 i1 S9 G" P, `: l
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);/ }& Z8 P" W' T1 b) O) S9 [
SysFreeString(bs);! }) H7 ?! o# h. F
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AnsiString s;
3 X6 Q9 A* E2 M# _1 ? Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;! z" d: z/ z9 h9 B+ ?
if(v.IsArray())6 g2 s: x* [! h' K, n8 N
{
! ^0 |4 ?# f/ `+ y for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);) r0 m* }5 C3 E! f7 A
if(!s.IsEmpty())
3 d2 y0 X- w) T; Y" c- N# Q s+=", ";
" I T' }6 p2 W1 ^: w2 _6 v s+=VarToStr(a);
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else) b/ I* H: @. x/ J
{
* o/ k7 c4 X q3 _2 ]# t s = VarToStr(v);5 @2 V6 Q' S* D3 B9 t+ O
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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5 c# P5 s* |$ a$ A1 i VariantClear(&vValue);9 M* z7 ~3 u8 s, {" C2 k
SysFreeString(wsName);& }' a, x( Z* l
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}
2 A s! r1 M6 j) d9 h B; K if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
' Z) l9 N5 X( a: P. R4 t& [ iEnumIdx++;
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();( r- K9 V1 O3 ]: N
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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7 s6 S7 T! V' ^4 m6 d0 V if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();" c2 d. j- s* h; h) b
}
$ T* g6 f) E/ p if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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8 J/ F% o N( B1 T) e9 y//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
' V6 e9 Q6 a' ]8 ~0 ` GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
- L* q b" Y* K5 s6 X' I Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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7 G: X- D9 T% N/ g7 L4 IWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
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1 R' o. o) c# s, M6 C" k) E Win32_BaseBoard+ H2 P2 n$ b# u' Z l* i0 Q
Win32_Battery
3 q- ^( d9 L% \) B; I1 O Win32_BIOS( Y0 g* s3 l* U2 c0 f! v
Win32_Bus& ]3 e W$ x3 N% _& L
Win32_CacheMemory
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Win32_CurrentProbe H, I" T' @% Q1 W; f' y
Win32_DesktopMonitor: ]" l& v# f- M+ X9 c& y$ r
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
5 {; x! ^# M4 f( {2 l- y) ^3 ~ Win32_DiskDrive* E0 z8 e7 l# P5 k5 ^
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
' B. h/ S( U$ u" j3 \" S4 m Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
5 f! j" T: }1 b1 w& G5 ?/ ~ Win32_DMAChannel. i. S* j" ^# W. s* a; o
Win32_Fan' i; i) _4 ^5 n6 |3 M
Win32_FloppyController
7 j0 N$ d8 f; Y% B Win32_FloppyDrive- ~/ ^1 ~# d1 R2 V
Win32_HeatPipe# C( f P0 {2 s8 e# M' t2 F" V
Win32_IDEController0 j* p3 h; E. o! }& x
Win32_InfraredDevice
4 O% y- A: T. A: v# c S/ g4 l Win32_IRQResource
1 G8 Q- J8 a1 w+ K* @+ v& c5 p Win32_Keyboard
2 _& E |, o7 O) L Win32_MemoryArray a7 k0 M$ t. e! C- n
Win32_MemoryDevice- N$ j6 M" Z" W @
Win32_MotherboardDevice# y0 c: P0 [$ s5 X
Win32_NetworkAdapter1 n$ u) k7 P: y9 A$ Q+ n
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
0 T9 |9 b* w; n1 c$ e/ A8 e Win32_OnBoardDevice
3 {/ g2 L( c3 V9 t) a4 ?0 L Win32_ParallelPort
5 L; P' `3 m! F# r. E: e Win32_PCMCIAController9 i5 F! t( c) h, I. G' j
Win32_PhysicalMemory
- u; n- U0 q: u: ?3 ^9 K- \ Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray9 V: }2 A6 [# O: | ~5 `
Win32_PnPEntity; T. i) B: C) n0 D
Win32_PointingDevice
4 M: j F/ s$ H( p! l Win32_PortableBattery
4 |5 [) m5 E: b A Win32_PortConnector: z7 q, {* `' s/ h. i& ^$ Z
Win32_PortResource
0 h6 B" n" e( G7 F% D. Y Win32_POTSModem
- {$ W$ J$ \7 p0 g; ?1 } Win32_PowerManagementEvent
% v2 E( T4 r' K Win32_Printer' K6 `# K, c! {2 u/ c5 ?
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
& q/ K8 [; ~2 |2 m% m Win32_PrintJob
' q7 Y! V$ b0 F! Z( c/ x& | Win32_Processor
# v3 W' L- w) r* I Win32_Refrigeration
8 ]4 l# [* g# ]( x2 e Win32_SerialPort) ]% k* M% |- L/ t! p6 @ T
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration# c/ K! t4 P( E2 E4 p9 Q. ?
Win32_SMBIOSMemory, a4 p9 M8 ~" `0 k0 ?
Win32_SoundDevice8 N5 S$ m. f; U B" Q* L& o
Win32_SystemEnclosure5 k/ S/ h2 t4 T1 p- D$ r0 l6 W$ g
Win32_SystemMemoryResource& R9 ]1 x9 `2 |6 X
Win32_SystemSlot
8 X- i& e1 F; h Win32_TapeDrive
$ V, O8 M! x( z( i# \ Win32_TemperatureProbe( K3 \ u9 C( o k8 @+ J2 j0 G1 s
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
. Y# J, _- k H! d" M Win32_USBController: Z& }& A7 W, Z4 I+ E) `6 `9 a
Win32_VideoConfiguration2 ~" l7 |4 p: W: J4 J
Win32_VideoController2 t7 s j" T* r
Win32_VoltageProbe, h3 c/ X9 r' j9 r3 {& c# w
% b. [: ~9 }8 Y4 F4 p5 U: m' p* c以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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