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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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8 q a' a+ W) B T; D. g i0 ?WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
* ?4 ~. t& H3 `4 h, X: N 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 + m8 X+ M3 L J& T
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
& y0 Z' }& A; e' L9 ~2 b 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 " H) ?' f/ b2 p2 N4 q
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. X! |3 y4 A7 W" q' wBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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9 B# v5 ?6 m, [6 l. W, l, \2 h① 初始化 COM 接口:7 y, E6 k0 V3 N$ u) x3 N
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。" V+ _: v! o5 l8 L5 \, N1 \
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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" y# e0 [+ E3 {& G& {, M0 S) B② 获取访问 WMI 权限:$ n4 t, ~9 [; ^- J
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);/ N3 x, ^- z9 D( K2 }9 x1 Y0 e6 T, U
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。& r1 Y" Q5 [+ c' i1 q! E+ v: D
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:- z* |1 ~1 v$ s1 K
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。( _% U" n. _& T& |
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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- Q# ]. s% s/ }. N: u) p3 h IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;2 [/ {. c1 d! d$ T5 m
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)' h6 p0 M! O& {7 P6 S5 j
{
' A! g# Z% h9 H IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;8 M7 Z6 t. i7 \: k$ D/ M
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");# A( V9 ^& W7 t/ o/ o
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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, x" g! Z) ^/ D: a& X IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
& \+ X' @: @8 T+ C2 e WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
) |& y6 B* l4 G& z8 j4 t3 U if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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! ~5 h- q4 s: H IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;3 q- L: T0 ^0 r6 C
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;# {5 M& e7 K- Y! L+ q
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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( ^( b1 |4 p) _: `- l& L) @ int iEnumIdx = 0;0 R T* z8 T5 }1 }
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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# V8 F7 S. @5 R% J" } lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");+ }9 {( K$ R* l2 _
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;) D, X7 x% t. m; R" L; h/ T6 W# E
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)# y) l5 a$ R5 o6 I1 M5 V6 }
{
0 c N* V8 v o, P% X8 u1 g# c long vbl, vbu;
" o9 P# s/ d. t4 V7 Y6 x SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
3 w: X0 F) m1 D* l- t SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
) f M) v/ |9 |+ A for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;
; g/ o3 N7 [& u, s+ r' ~ wchar_t *wsName = 0;; S7 v' J+ J5 _+ c# ?5 Z( u' j: S( ?
VARIANT vValue;
^0 V; Y3 q5 A& s |1 a& N5 R VariantInit(&vValue);
4 j1 e2 N5 f4 w, d' b6 V2 A2 |. u SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);) b& d) F8 S i8 [4 E0 q
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
, ?4 [. d }. r- S HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);3 o$ Q. P% R, u7 W5 g5 B
SysFreeString(bs);
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. w- i3 v, M d* Q3 u if(hRes == S_OK)6 E: L, }8 C: h; u2 i! V
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AnsiString s;. x+ _: _( }( s7 R% o. y
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
( d" `9 x' h& ]8 x if(v.IsArray())
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5 l' e0 r h: H6 n1 q for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++): |3 ~ o7 ^& j" v% `1 N- z
{
, C! T: m- C, n Variant a = v.GetElement(i);/ J1 o! a5 Y" t, y* |
if(!s.IsEmpty())
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6 | b: l6 B% q) |3 c s+=VarToStr(a);3 z* p! ]- h$ w/ I7 Q+ ^7 v0 E6 G
}
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else
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: s6 o3 ] N6 |& \ s = VarToStr(v);' h B t- u- a- Q, o6 d" y$ k
}
7 T) B0 Y. j7 I) {% X% l lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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; D% N8 ]# l0 m+ ^6 | Q VariantClear(&vValue);
+ Q. W* H' f! ^9 C SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);1 v8 e( c1 C" B% ^! I$ y& l
iEnumIdx++;
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}
( E. a4 @$ d. y+ w6 j, @ if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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N B6 C1 X; L0 B g if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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3 E) M- { X( y% g& N' z- { if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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6 R7 I$ |1 X1 o0 ~// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
0 [3 H! G* L& U# a4 [void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)- ?* d: ^% S) ]" ~. ?; d, H- e
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
/ q" e$ B% h Q$ G' t( K GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");) I+ q: R% z. V) i: l% A6 i! f
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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# ]( |6 n) L/ l* QWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:- k2 M5 r w& h' {$ s
Win32_1394Controller% M. Z) f9 W7 e; x" b0 z5 c: C
Win32_BaseBoard, |9 m" v: s9 P, v0 z
Win32_Battery
, A6 F6 R, k" L7 w# ` Win32_BIOS
" C' f- r5 f, b% w6 ^5 w! J Win32_Bus/ q1 c7 E# i) U2 g% V
Win32_CacheMemory
8 f! m& f. [7 S T, `; S5 b Win32_CDROMDrive& ~9 @; t6 s& x3 k3 y* q3 F
Win32_CurrentProbe
8 Z" ~9 X5 A* U$ I# R Win32_DesktopMonitor* o8 C2 F* z" p/ X. u7 J! h
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
/ V! [- L( u1 X, C6 g/ e3 | Win32_DiskDrive
% v5 n: }& ^5 \" P Win32_DisplayConfiguration
7 K' F- M/ X2 q, x7 a5 _) v Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
3 r" A% n' r h; Q) a7 y0 |" v" T) ` Win32_DMAChannel- X4 H+ a; L# M3 w8 y. Q% x$ _. {' X
Win32_Fan4 D6 s* t/ [0 v' x8 V, [ v
Win32_FloppyController# l/ Y; Y G& p) t5 G
Win32_FloppyDrive
. A4 R* p, Q9 M1 D3 I+ a Win32_HeatPipe9 y9 m, h U' ^5 @) g
Win32_IDEController( F3 T+ T. \7 z/ q6 J
Win32_InfraredDevice
( a w" K: ]; m3 R! }; d4 J7 W8 j Win32_IRQResource
' c- P. X" l; l( X/ Z+ Z3 l Win32_Keyboard" C) E" E' H9 S8 S0 e+ K
Win32_MemoryArray
* P' @% G9 G4 Z+ C3 R% m/ l3 \ Win32_MemoryDevice( p1 A% Q3 h% [1 B, ^7 ~6 W
Win32_MotherboardDevice
* ?. W7 ^5 E7 V* P Win32_NetworkAdapter; ~, M; a' L. U+ V# @: h# L
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
/ i* L7 m) J, S C Win32_OnBoardDevice
, Z% ~+ E2 z+ U5 B4 X Win32_ParallelPort
, M N" P/ Z/ {: j7 |* [0 @ Win32_PCMCIAController
( L+ `# K' m7 S Win32_PhysicalMemory
, r/ M# d3 z6 n Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray& b6 | |+ j% k
Win32_PnPEntity
, d) V+ F6 y j+ s1 h6 X Win32_PointingDevice$ U% x5 M% _, }( d7 r) e) p
Win32_PortableBattery8 u* B9 b+ k- }- d& B
Win32_PortConnector- g& ? ?! ?1 d( T
Win32_PortResource
& U) S2 @2 F- ~# N. Z0 ]; e# \ Win32_POTSModem
! m, `; d" a8 j Win32_PowerManagementEvent( b! b) x* d/ \; ?# H' Z. I0 h0 X
Win32_Printer. S' t5 u* P8 l& F5 V/ r
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
1 t6 v- a0 p# V+ w4 _8 | T, a* `* q Win32_PrintJob; H- f% ^, q, y5 K! L
Win32_Processor
: J& A' s& z, B5 r4 F* \ Win32_Refrigeration4 k, R" E8 K" F2 q0 C
Win32_SerialPort
$ A# u6 z/ s/ ]: U$ o) v Win32_SerialPortConfiguration; t# f! {; _2 t H7 y4 @4 P: I% @) F' k
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
7 V7 b) [ C- O/ E1 ~9 m Win32_SoundDevice/ P! Q/ ^ X5 O
Win32_SystemEnclosure& J- {' v6 p4 Z4 W3 U. u. ^
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
$ |0 z# ? B+ u Win32_SystemSlot1 T7 }1 x, _5 u1 E
Win32_TapeDrive7 E5 u4 i* F. T( U5 v& x
Win32_TemperatureProbe
, q2 I& z/ U; Y1 S Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
8 G8 o' M2 C2 R Win32_USBController( ?& ]" d7 @2 a- |7 z
Win32_VideoConfiguration
5 s q/ @. |, \6 `) X. L Win32_VideoController
$ m' M1 X* k5 y! w# p0 c Q4 ?* L Win32_VoltageProbe% G4 P5 O7 V$ ]7 q( Y
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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