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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)8 G9 V2 p% r5 d- l9 o; A6 @2 b
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 - {, v) n! h& p6 |# l
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
8 e8 w( B8 E/ s1 ^1 I' l 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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' b: E2 [) I j7 D: GBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面& A* E" f3 H; Q5 u- D
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5 L1 a9 H, A& L) J' V- T① 初始化 COM 接口:
# E8 S) m, F. s9 ~, }) E. Z 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
- ]* t1 {( b1 e7 u9 J 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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0 e, O# y- u) T. {② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
' c9 \3 E, |* A" @ CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
2 Z- S; |! S3 E; q Y- c0 r$ o; V 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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! B, _/ ?$ U* P3 K, h9 B③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:# M+ z' y+ B4 W
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。0 d4 [7 C* \3 l# H5 {' ~ J9 g
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass) ~* ^, `" [+ V6 ?; T3 [1 g
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;) N( \1 q# S9 `8 O5 _* U0 a
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;" b- o% O4 p5 u) Z
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
$ T: N0 c. L) ]$ P* z! ` if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
3 c0 v/ q1 d, s2 O WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;: a k. [1 ]' M7 Z; J# `4 `
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
) D! _1 ^8 E: O* V' p& f1 @ ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
6 x$ ?) `$ |0 U1 X/ j if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;
|3 Y$ M7 I h6 t9 W: [) E while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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+ w% p& m0 r6 i; G2 H; u SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
# I7 F7 @* w3 R- L5 H if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;
1 |7 b- i' b& w( O8 [3 E SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
. l4 L. w: o' g9 U4 a/ R SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);: K9 {; q" `9 j8 I6 K1 _
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)2 F* j) _/ D( U7 `) M7 |
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long aidx = idx;
" p. i$ L q& [/ b: B wchar_t *wsName = 0;
' j' {! v- \9 }: @& o& e VARIANT vValue;: d, A9 \" f' H
VariantInit(&vValue);% D5 m6 s1 Y+ P+ H9 n/ v& Y4 z
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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9 K) j1 \4 s8 g, A9 `" ~! k BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);: z( ~" N' w2 X h& M0 G
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);1 ]4 `+ }: M& v4 A" ] U) n: c
SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK); m8 \4 q4 E$ P K8 k* B
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AnsiString s;2 X1 J: R' s+ X3 d: ]! r
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
: I8 b2 i8 E8 H* P' { if(v.IsArray())3 | |7 C. z* {# P1 Q3 m6 E: P
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)3 U) F% G' j W. M% y8 P& H
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);" w; j) C' t2 L
if(!s.IsEmpty())$ p! C. s0 k- U' @/ O& Q$ c
s+=", ";3 I$ e+ h5 i5 j; O! A$ M
s+=VarToStr(a);
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s = VarToStr(v);8 l# r% |9 |/ w9 v) Z+ d Y2 I
}
4 m* A- p o9 n8 S5 p lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);
; |. L) r4 [+ P( j4 H* X( r) Q6 x SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();" a0 o& J0 j' v6 q2 ~# _
}
# p8 C$ f8 b% |3 k# v6 v+ e if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();. I3 y4 h3 P% K4 _" H& z- W
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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2 N: `7 C) }& d4 y9 L% p. P8 G if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();, I7 F3 Z% d. s( \- |2 P5 ~* k
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------2 [6 E" L: n, {' L% F
- O9 A+ N/ U/ F; Z: i( h9 I// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:7 h. \3 E/ R2 b* ^
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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3 O e* e! Z2 e2 b* a Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");- l$ y# P# q R7 ?: T, e: U
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");+ ]7 j7 G6 I& F* b
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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( f! F- x, ^' o# c7 k( m- bWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:( I' P$ p! k7 ^0 I H' y8 @0 w8 s2 i
Win32_1394Controller9 H1 G3 q/ D5 p) i1 K4 }+ Q$ {
Win32_BaseBoard. I, l3 h; d: w# O/ F& ^
Win32_Battery1 F4 }; H4 i; R6 i' b
Win32_BIOS
3 y% m1 c" U6 ~ K I Win32_Bus I( _2 X+ @$ S* z- t1 G
Win32_CacheMemory3 e* g* t Q3 A/ f# ^7 W+ e+ V; F
Win32_CDROMDrive
4 I' C$ K, m s- G Win32_CurrentProbe
: Q" R5 N) M6 D) W4 R+ f Win32_DesktopMonitor% _. a9 A) E6 y" z2 \
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
j% \7 w o! F* L; Q Win32_DiskDrive: Y+ N a- m2 r' F: y
Win32_DisplayConfiguration3 F" m- h6 \0 Z3 w! e5 G2 K
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration) }8 s% g6 x$ Z9 R/ M% s# M, J+ j
Win32_DMAChannel0 H" i1 y( z; Y; j
Win32_Fan {5 K- K7 R* {. ?8 J
Win32_FloppyController
/ j2 M4 @+ c8 K0 X1 o/ Q2 I( z Win32_FloppyDrive/ d7 ]4 T* y1 K
Win32_HeatPipe
7 {" n) m2 {6 X# ?' r Win32_IDEController
6 G7 u! [/ p, D2 h Win32_InfraredDevice
2 E& i0 j# ~5 }+ M* [ Win32_IRQResource
" z8 |0 @3 [ D0 ^% y) {; h. @ Win32_Keyboard M0 w: z# G$ M( X; n3 F2 w! y
Win32_MemoryArray; ]! P* y# K$ B+ Z! @ n/ O, Z; K
Win32_MemoryDevice
- @0 ^, c; k* ~ Win32_MotherboardDevice; y, a% i, r! x
Win32_NetworkAdapter
Q5 O1 y* @! M# t0 F Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
* D$ I; K: _5 o" x. j% b Win32_OnBoardDevice
3 `1 V. c7 t4 O- ~ Win32_ParallelPort a' m+ C! R) [2 v5 r$ X3 `
Win32_PCMCIAController
: `8 f0 L) K; R/ {( Z9 F Win32_PhysicalMemory D5 o$ R) C) H( g
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
" Q! `7 j: d$ T1 H$ K) a- L8 `% U# { Win32_PnPEntity
4 ]' ^5 ?: q; a- f Win32_PointingDevice
/ s0 J' f' s1 v& B5 `0 P5 g2 D Win32_PortableBattery9 m: B* P2 T7 g* o. W: d
Win32_PortConnector
, N6 |, W3 E" L& \ [- q Win32_PortResource
' a9 X0 [4 z" N# Y Win32_POTSModem
# [' c. _4 M% `3 I" k( M ], ^ Win32_PowerManagementEvent
+ E! P& A+ g/ u9 ?5 L) L Win32_Printer
% t* q# n* u& f# P+ Y0 d( {1 X Win32_PrinterConfiguration7 T1 Y9 A2 g+ I( p9 T5 G9 h$ a
Win32_PrintJob
2 L u5 }& r) p& l6 R Win32_Processor X& K. I j# @( B# A
Win32_Refrigeration
; e' Q/ \2 Y! i& @3 \! x' ` Win32_SerialPort
& e- X# I _1 F' J Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
* f( ~5 V$ A/ `( Q/ ] Win32_SMBIOSMemory
' }$ M$ V- c6 W Win32_SoundDevice
7 ?* Z& k9 }8 M$ H2 S Win32_SystemEnclosure' r, n1 f7 q1 w9 h& E9 x4 n
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
) Z3 _7 S: i' P/ k- X1 [/ F Win32_SystemSlot1 G# v: Q6 ^8 N
Win32_TapeDrive
5 g/ G0 Q4 C1 G/ S! `' E. [% [3 d" Y Win32_TemperatureProbe
0 F0 R* p/ U6 s' G6 @ Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
% ?: ^ k s1 m: K6 H+ [! q2 _/ X Win32_USBController/ u+ V& h3 j+ {4 _; T3 ~
Win32_VideoConfiguration" d, B9 X- g5 E2 x) c
Win32_VideoController
+ P% ?& E2 H4 k# A4 N Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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