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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
% T' l5 M3 U/ I4 ^. r$ ~& h! f6 z7 ~ 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 ) Z) P9 {& ^3 f! W! M
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
0 r) ^2 J8 s( ^; l" r1 `8 d0 P 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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0 {# S5 w; {* M: IBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
3 G2 X* Z! ]- O# Q* c) m 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
) G j% A& G: ^# i# ]/ \ 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。: i- _! m( d3 O% @8 a% r$ }
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
/ L" ~* S" L6 x% A# D CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
! B# l( e+ K; N! i& t 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。& _: h& x# T# B9 X! W5 u
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:$ n( q! @# x) p( [# e( O6 R
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。7 J8 o! N& a, @* A9 H* V& ^7 g
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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: T) `0 ]( ]* r IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;* O5 y8 Z @$ | t5 |6 X9 e5 C2 ~
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;6 |/ i5 a6 C6 U x2 O: h/ |
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");: r) A, a( \/ m7 z+ i0 ^
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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* `2 S# V/ O1 @. A, E5 \ IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;/ P8 W1 G' _8 o2 b0 c( _3 g; n5 \
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
9 d: M* i0 I# U0 S0 u6 Q if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)% s3 f+ v6 R+ b7 T U1 u6 ?
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;- B/ W- u( z8 _% q! }
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;, S: b6 r( O/ G$ i! f; f
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)% G2 U! Q; x4 ^3 k1 s9 ], l
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int iEnumIdx = 0;
. c0 o# G2 C6 S" ^! }+ V7 }7 R while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)! |! i5 d6 B0 K6 o
{
- L" p$ J. L% d, i/ ~: i lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");! v @, _ o# J9 S
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
7 E7 h# A2 u- h+ A if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)* _; l, h7 ^) s6 {5 h
{
z. p$ ~, A) @4 v, } long vbl, vbu;. q2 n9 r: [8 o \& O* O
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
" n" i* l' _- B* A) Y" S SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);5 Y: q4 N# z8 l; g" g. W% H
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;
+ m9 D2 B, ]( D( x wchar_t *wsName = 0;
2 X1 I N2 C' x g. T9 y VARIANT vValue; b" u6 s2 X% ]' q: a- j/ s
VariantInit(&vValue);( Y# p( \# M" O" ^$ n$ L
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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6 p o' R6 f0 e* h9 l/ A3 g BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
: R% s; p7 _) L! s2 _ HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);& H& s' _4 ]1 `+ @) l; `+ w
SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)
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# X1 F9 {, z0 j' c) p" x AnsiString s;' k4 ~% T2 q% ?2 j: `' w" |
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
Q: K) @8 N @. q1 m/ a5 { if(v.IsArray())* m& o" F; O) m4 _# h& G2 Z
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
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$ i7 n6 |& e2 X, k s+=VarToStr(a);& a, b9 R" K( a5 d D- I1 @0 W
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}
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s = VarToStr(v);7 d% h6 r! ~- z% l4 M
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);+ D- A9 r+ w; b1 t( W0 W0 F |
}
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! _- g1 E; D- R% M2 \8 K VariantClear(&vValue);
/ M' I; ^1 ~& t! [ SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();) E6 f5 ~+ z- {, O) J
}
! r7 z8 M* O$ h9 [! X2 ^ if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();7 \* `( G3 V% d3 ~
}
$ p$ `7 M- T: D2 X- O if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();" k6 K9 j* N; N$ }
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();& H0 M$ f2 G8 q+ `8 Q
}
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
6 l: @! [- T- F4 ^7 G yvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
; O) c, K7 Y$ s/ v3 P& i GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");3 n- c2 J+ y0 m- p% \) X( D. c
Memo1->Lines->Add("");5 v7 j% K: c' I0 O5 L
}
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; x% Z, l6 G2 vWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:! Y' `8 H5 U4 r6 q6 W% e, u
Win32_1394Controller' z% {, x$ H3 d
Win32_BaseBoard1 k0 r B8 v4 p# J% l( @$ z+ L
Win32_Battery
* V. _8 H& w, D; g; P% M, [ Win32_BIOS
7 ^# f3 T# \+ J Win32_Bus' }8 y; k9 X/ z' b7 P5 v: T
Win32_CacheMemory
0 D+ j6 A- z. `5 e/ Y0 O% m Win32_CDROMDrive; z2 H! ~) A% T/ _7 ^+ y' [
Win32_CurrentProbe7 Z& {% Y e9 _. I5 m Z1 w3 }
Win32_DesktopMonitor
. i2 P8 z0 H/ p5 R Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
6 y% d7 \. n: b7 O' }/ i7 T) ^0 G Win32_DiskDrive/ u" D; L% X) g# X' }8 I2 H8 A& x
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
# K$ ~1 C0 P. A( z Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
4 t/ }, i/ v! a- W6 n. W Win32_DMAChannel( Z9 e- W5 v4 F, \2 K. ]# h( C
Win32_Fan5 Q2 {" A- l* `6 l$ s
Win32_FloppyController
% ^$ ?+ \& [$ E! D% q9 C Win32_FloppyDrive5 f4 d% P" ?" T7 a
Win32_HeatPipe9 V4 N a8 v5 L3 K' ?( t, \
Win32_IDEController5 Q6 b" G( R$ F, n
Win32_InfraredDevice$ W& }& t* F) n2 T
Win32_IRQResource
5 N9 f% \) x N$ }* \ Win32_Keyboard
5 S( Y. ]! l! B8 } Win32_MemoryArray' e" s4 n; ?2 m* S) u! I: H
Win32_MemoryDevice* S2 J% _ T H4 E4 p# D Q: ~
Win32_MotherboardDevice+ J- B6 _1 {, |5 ]
Win32_NetworkAdapter; z3 z W1 P' h# J+ ?
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
8 r- B7 q( @$ }; P Win32_OnBoardDevice
0 q& E& h# G% O/ ?* p0 M6 M9 e! {2 H Win32_ParallelPort
6 r% ^3 r8 y. P: s1 b& E Win32_PCMCIAController" P7 F3 E0 F% |6 R! c' [
Win32_PhysicalMemory
8 O$ Y$ n8 f5 `0 R7 B7 U' W9 W Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray" o8 i+ {/ _* i: L# Q
Win32_PnPEntity
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Win32_PortableBattery7 O3 D8 [, E9 h: X6 p* o& G" t
Win32_PortConnector
) o- |2 C8 X, L& {6 j; R Win32_PortResource
, W" F0 _5 g: M Win32_POTSModem
$ Y2 @# N" J; Z4 W( L Win32_PowerManagementEvent
2 f1 d' @7 S# s# V' I* J k+ e Win32_Printer
4 z+ T* t- f/ r8 m2 P4 _6 h Win32_PrinterConfiguration
3 O# H. E, _9 @, e! b/ ~- f7 _. I9 P Win32_PrintJob _; h4 ~ u+ J: g+ i5 {& S' j
Win32_Processor
3 r9 _. E; g3 v0 e; | Win32_Refrigeration
: i8 w( D# `) X: g+ G5 d Win32_SerialPort
# x' A2 p3 C u Win32_SerialPortConfiguration& U9 t( _9 U/ D- Y- V
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
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0 m" {; S& r* ]3 { Win32_SystemEnclosure. T5 d- z z. F& e3 x/ f/ G. b
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
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. Y; f/ R* Z! C$ X, O, ?# G" L0 ? Win32_TapeDrive, r$ X$ Y$ @& q O, ^ @
Win32_TemperatureProbe p' n, \1 h6 d# \: A0 X
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply% W: J' @7 l* Y$ u. e' K b! K* j
Win32_USBController/ j; o2 ^4 r! ?3 y% u: r
Win32_VideoConfiguration4 z# e9 U. f9 f7 Q, d8 t2 U$ V
Win32_VideoController
% C+ r% F$ [2 u Win32_VoltageProbe" T7 P- Q _: r1 u
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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