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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)2 ?( n" C$ L5 I: b$ q+ g: s( a
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2 G" @& }8 r+ ?6 tWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
+ n0 D9 ^( t7 r% _# | 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 3 s4 K8 @ V( Q
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。$ h3 D& {( W) {% U
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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1 s7 {8 U2 z! S! f: vBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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① 初始化 COM 接口:$ _+ F; i8 H. J
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。" Q }8 E+ o' @2 s8 R- n8 C N) F
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。( F5 W; I* Y# W1 ?4 O* v
* f7 F& F) d8 Y8 F② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
# B$ T8 B% b0 a1 |) O CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);1 u; e- X, o; N5 P$ K$ q! Z' y
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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, n4 s# k7 m# h; x# A! g③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:& A1 ^: @4 u5 E
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。- O* }( K: N1 G6 Z, f9 {
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)+ X7 O* k& F& ?
{
5 P& G, D, |* V) y; C IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
* c3 J6 ]' O" }" Q O if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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b. B6 X# V3 F7 w% \ IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
+ z. Y/ y' K- P0 p/ u/ ^3 t WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");# D E# U* }& g: G. H: F
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
; p) m6 u: S7 D! ~7 V WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
' `' t: v. Q: |$ B- p if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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9 ^8 Y4 L8 k6 s IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;, K( V- v. x$ W: J) X7 I {
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;% V' ~5 s' U# I+ Q! Z$ Y
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)( t' M! B- M9 i' P
{
2 p8 Q6 A, \1 @1 M8 b9 W int iEnumIdx = 0;
1 R- {! C! e# }, m, A while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)& v( D1 G) f" f: ^" x: u! B8 W
{
) y, \3 v6 G# X9 h: ?0 c lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------"); u1 C- e- a" I4 \
. f6 n k: S3 w1 G' Q- b9 y SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
( j! T6 x( k" q% r: W if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;
9 @0 Q; W8 T3 ], D' ~ SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
$ Z/ d5 J3 Z1 h$ c" ` SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);- d% ?" x& h1 ~! r( e! l1 r4 i
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)1 f ^4 Q, t4 I$ b j/ L
{
3 Y4 J( Z1 [* `2 h! W) M" H7 l- K long aidx = idx;
; Y9 w# b. a4 E0 p wchar_t *wsName = 0;
* j, k6 v& I! r; g VARIANT vValue;
( t/ f( a( {- j3 M% [! M- k VariantInit(&vValue);: _, d- s7 }& a2 X- V2 l
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);. U Y' F: Z2 D
) L" w! F' [9 b* ]8 D* h4 X: E BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
3 \) w8 ~5 T' ~( [) H U" j HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
& k0 J; n& K) z* [$ Q) F SysFreeString(bs);! \% r3 ^8 v( d
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if(hRes == S_OK), i2 Z- u2 q0 c5 e& X1 G, g
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AnsiString s; \ n6 ]# u/ I) }. w
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;! \& J( p4 r! n5 p/ q
if(v.IsArray())6 Y0 O* t' }0 L: m
{
: X c* d5 ~5 I for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
3 k- L. c) F2 ~! B0 ^ if(!s.IsEmpty()), l8 b4 C0 C! Q5 `3 r; f
s+=", ";
; k& c# U. F0 V s+=VarToStr(a);
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}
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{
6 C. L! J1 ?0 e) l& { s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);& z$ ?" w. K5 `0 Z
SysFreeString(wsName);6 F* B# g7 Y1 {9 ^
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}
, A B% A. e$ x5 H. u if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
; i! ]3 `7 L1 u8 ` iEnumIdx++;7 D4 C, B( \: q+ V3 X
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}
0 A6 f2 ~; D$ A+ D4 Z! v if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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- A# x* {& z3 [2 [0 i if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();* a! F, |6 {+ w0 x: J
}
( U! o: ?4 t! f$ h- U if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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" R7 ^- S6 O; o2 R4 |% P6 n if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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3 z0 p& _6 f+ W5 \+ i9 k// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:* V+ W, E9 }4 ^# V; a
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)% b" Z5 V9 m, M2 }* d k0 f
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
( H0 q. A0 x c% I GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
( C! }# {" D7 O Memo1->Lines->Add("");# ]' C/ M% n# R+ b7 L2 J
}
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:0 v( s; P+ A$ x
Win32_1394Controller
% C' _ j) Y. ]9 ]( j Win32_BaseBoard6 v" X/ N8 P9 ]+ S* }/ l i( P
Win32_Battery
$ B' m9 r% E9 F" z, a7 Q Win32_BIOS
1 I8 }1 d, y% @3 E( l% [4 t Win32_Bus
o3 ]6 J$ m! U) v Win32_CacheMemory
* j! o |- l9 g- I* Z; S, q Win32_CDROMDrive4 }% [% X9 i+ j" K! R# ~) C
Win32_CurrentProbe2 F0 x7 I# V: l7 d8 \& ?
Win32_DesktopMonitor
+ \' \9 j% e% P; b. t+ J Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress$ m% \6 a, }$ p8 E5 h
Win32_DiskDrive7 A+ P. d" [ d. \. D
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
' q$ {7 P0 V6 p2 a- b+ h+ d1 L0 r: @; ` Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration2 w" W! x7 Z% a% W
Win32_DMAChannel
5 E |4 Y( R* t, D5 P Win32_Fan \( P# z% R6 j/ S$ \1 F% k' Z9 T
Win32_FloppyController
( O+ Q; o7 P$ E0 T" N, x. f Win32_FloppyDrive8 |$ W8 y; t. ?
Win32_HeatPipe; S) l% C* W$ Y7 q6 m+ J/ J
Win32_IDEController
- `9 p$ V' E! ^ Win32_InfraredDevice
& I$ \- |, s7 e X+ A Win32_IRQResource
6 ~7 J( W* m( K1 |- [) p Win32_Keyboard- }; j' A5 j3 J$ B
Win32_MemoryArray
: o7 v8 r( i2 `/ f" s. ?6 Q- C# F Win32_MemoryDevice( b) T, ]: ~9 }3 |
Win32_MotherboardDevice! q0 L( \- Z E5 t. ?, @# ?5 b! L
Win32_NetworkAdapter; o9 L& s6 b% h' \" c2 t8 z" b7 l
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
8 ]# z! O/ g; | v! M, R Win32_OnBoardDevice
/ N9 |* u% ?0 K K7 |$ v/ a8 g; e% \ Win32_ParallelPort
' L/ N# J# ]# ^, v8 g/ J Win32_PCMCIAController) X" ~* F( N( F& X7 \. X
Win32_PhysicalMemory
. s4 r! a3 S6 s Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray* P a) R5 a! w3 H0 t* d
Win32_PnPEntity
1 \/ N1 M; @& W6 r' ? Win32_PointingDevice
e8 j- n- {3 p3 u6 ^: x Win32_PortableBattery- F3 n8 a) ?2 Z* }2 A& P! m) B
Win32_PortConnector& A# X" T7 R% ?1 [
Win32_PortResource
! \8 E# o6 x2 i Win32_POTSModem
, ]7 m/ |/ z8 h( H7 i t, Z! t$ ? Win32_PowerManagementEvent; A' w! D+ x/ Q
Win32_Printer
3 U y" v: H- Z5 k9 e* ]% S- n Win32_PrinterConfiguration
7 t, F; y! o7 g: |1 [- q Win32_PrintJob2 z N' V3 e0 _
Win32_Processor5 d2 v, n; k5 B+ _$ j1 y$ e
Win32_Refrigeration
. J8 Z- o/ @! ]! ]( c1 b* ? Win32_SerialPort
* _) T8 G( s- x! F x Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
, |- P( P* l9 v7 g {+ e, } Win32_SMBIOSMemory
: f5 d/ X9 Q( x+ R0 W- [6 J7 c Win32_SoundDevice( D* K. A, W$ f+ A; a4 t+ x B
Win32_SystemEnclosure A# Y0 }8 t" B# r- i3 p
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
( f8 ~3 o. Q' Z1 y( s2 R Win32_SystemSlot9 G, S# m* i, \, c6 G
Win32_TapeDrive
' O/ q+ ~0 i [) y# P& O Win32_TemperatureProbe
+ {* L l8 R' a7 W Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply" d9 \" e, v4 Q/ c. X8 q6 ^# A
Win32_USBController
[: n3 h! N; {7 |6 C1 p Win32_VideoConfiguration, ^; }, k) \- Y/ b! O/ W7 L, U
Win32_VideoController
! B$ M& p* ]; `, h' @ Win32_VoltageProbe9 n% J; v2 q+ N; C2 I: G% ]! j
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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