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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具) U, d& [5 X6 q# V% u
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 7 u4 p. ]# ]5 r' ^( S
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。2 u' M$ r) b/ p- b
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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t8 U: o+ Q" L6 W2 T) ^+ ^1 TBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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1 @9 t, U P8 W! S1 H' P① 初始化 COM 接口:3 h' p3 |( T7 \; l' A8 [
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。* A J- J% q# E1 M1 B
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:! D% f; D8 y2 K; m l; n7 [+ D
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
3 X" K& w5 u5 j 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
' n H. c7 V; k% y: t 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)) a2 O; k; k' B7 d4 Y7 H! F7 l
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
' n: Y; |# X4 `: J/ E. U if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)- I* V; u3 D( w. s
{
' n1 S- f/ E: U5 ?! M! W IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
; T* j% k* Z5 N, Q WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
. @9 w8 v4 H9 [( U if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK); o4 p) C- v2 {! Z: t
{
2 u/ x) O0 i# g: e! V" W IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;- t$ q6 p. M8 a; U. p
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;* ^( q t1 N* P: `$ N1 j& D% O l. }
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;; H. f# q2 B" Y) g7 W5 `/ I
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;1 t- g+ v" T% Q
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;
; S6 N/ _, r2 w% S- t while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK) K( S8 m g/ B4 Z( D$ N
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");7 H1 D6 F' G4 ~2 S2 I# \$ P
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
# h3 w1 o: _0 m* E9 Z3 ~5 S( b; L if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)0 x1 N ^9 B1 B0 I6 }
{
- a, S. A6 t6 G$ e4 C/ x long vbl, vbu;
4 w" a. A. A4 E& q4 f SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);/ V/ h6 l" p3 }* M1 M/ s
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
: L7 l2 ]# P8 m# c7 ^# s2 K for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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2 y5 u" T( F+ x) R! ^ Q6 Z: D long aidx = idx;) @0 L- |/ Z5 x2 s( S$ N
wchar_t *wsName = 0;2 {( J- h: Z+ D3 Z U0 ?! F5 q8 W3 O
VARIANT vValue;
2 H& W0 ?! ?1 \3 R VariantInit(&vValue);! D: F2 }( s& J. J" }; ^ b
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);& L& c3 M8 O- t, R
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
' s0 v& i" r# T8 ^7 O1 f HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
, O! }9 w1 d/ \* u2 Y( n7 a: y2 v SysFreeString(bs);
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AnsiString s; f. ]* {! b$ T0 { r
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
0 W9 ?- w, ^! L, }' V if(v.IsArray())
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2 o& E. P* z5 c for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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0 Z1 c1 @" _& K3 d4 C } Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
) }- Q5 S0 h% P- O t/ Y if(!s.IsEmpty())
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s+=VarToStr(a);
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}
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s = VarToStr(v);' ?) Y5 x" _ L1 @9 o
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);. D- M$ _( Z r
SysFreeString(wsName);
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5 j' Z% V, [) l* y" L1 S if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
8 d! O2 H& p) I: a1 j iEnumIdx++;% e0 @, l/ A* R0 ?2 e# d9 H$ d
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}
9 Y1 L( K2 y. ]( W) O: ^ if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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) ?+ k$ W* D0 ? if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();+ L% ^# u3 ~! w0 [: `; ~
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();* z' z8 I/ f+ P- |
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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D9 e" r7 P0 I0 O//---------------------------------------------------------------------------. B: v4 c2 g2 k+ S' I
' a- d9 p8 V4 o// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
" ]; _- ~% q7 }* Uvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
- f b$ s3 d( c$ n7 V7 g% r GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");1 O7 d& Q% S* w- Q& f
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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( \2 M9 ^, E* HWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:- p' Z+ d2 o, D! e
Win32_1394Controller) |$ b% k! h4 u0 _. t: \8 j* q3 p4 D
Win32_BaseBoard
/ x2 Y( u& V* T( c/ p1 v/ V& D' v, a Win32_Battery1 b; H' a9 L- h$ f& p
Win32_BIOS: \! w# W9 Z7 L
Win32_Bus" t+ }" U$ _5 O) L7 `9 A
Win32_CacheMemory3 _- h5 N" h- q$ A0 r V$ f. G4 u
Win32_CDROMDrive# b/ |* z- y' l% y. m$ }: P" {
Win32_CurrentProbe3 a/ }+ p6 S8 ~' K& b; q
Win32_DesktopMonitor
- x- c6 n- b/ |" | y, t Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
, a4 X) h" S& ]4 X Win32_DiskDrive& i4 Q/ X( w C2 e
Win32_DisplayConfiguration/ _( N T% W* D. A' c$ V) K
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration% Y% D; b* M+ ~) T. ]3 Z+ }1 Q0 |0 {
Win32_DMAChannel6 z2 u$ D7 [- H
Win32_Fan
5 _- ]" A/ U4 Y3 @6 H# O Win32_FloppyController6 j7 p6 @* H" X- e( V4 c
Win32_FloppyDrive I0 [4 B8 m- H3 t# V4 I" v
Win32_HeatPipe, X9 d. y* M" A! L" K' H( V7 [
Win32_IDEController8 ^7 ~2 S: k& [. p& F& e
Win32_InfraredDevice2 m4 U% s5 R2 v% L4 D$ i9 c/ _1 ~
Win32_IRQResource
4 b* o3 P% X4 d, X6 M& P Win32_Keyboard
, V3 X+ o0 L7 p$ ^ Win32_MemoryArray; e/ p0 O* U) y I
Win32_MemoryDevice
: J: `8 }9 q3 z% ~ Win32_MotherboardDevice0 u; S. A! ?( [+ j" q( Z
Win32_NetworkAdapter3 ?0 W) |0 |3 i$ _ c e$ D' Q
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration6 C1 Y; ?; w- S6 z0 i6 y
Win32_OnBoardDevice
; o' a6 b7 \$ P: O" x Win32_ParallelPort
7 q5 P8 s) ^6 {% }& O- R! B5 Y0 X Win32_PCMCIAController
+ ^8 y6 K! K5 b \ Win32_PhysicalMemory
, ~: r7 M' v0 O% O4 Z1 ? Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
8 F& g5 g% v7 w7 | Win32_PnPEntity1 m: [( C+ C2 {0 ]
Win32_PointingDevice
! L4 s1 L3 ^# c, o+ h Win32_PortableBattery0 M6 Z3 b ?- o* H8 y, i3 [/ X
Win32_PortConnector0 B \# R; g* }+ r. x( Y/ A! E/ {
Win32_PortResource
* c; i4 M0 u% _* x Win32_POTSModem7 }7 y, }: l$ o. w. j
Win32_PowerManagementEvent3 J! Z; q% [) s: u5 M
Win32_Printer7 X) e% v& I- K: t
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
* h6 C7 Y% g- Y' U5 [2 ?3 _ Win32_PrintJob
9 a/ k* Y+ P& ^5 B6 c. m Win32_Processor" {. R* @# E5 U. j" A
Win32_Refrigeration- N5 b& U/ E# h6 i9 a' q. R
Win32_SerialPort, x. u" _: b& A: S, A, E, a
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration, ?/ Q* b& B, O+ G8 P' p; _# B
Win32_SMBIOSMemory& M C9 X! R3 E2 D3 S% G- c+ e7 K
Win32_SoundDevice
2 O t/ _: w! m! x. u Win32_SystemEnclosure
$ h# | @! b5 H) Z$ s: }* t Win32_SystemMemoryResource# m( Q9 J$ r+ q; [
Win32_SystemSlot9 x! J1 t* [# i. x
Win32_TapeDrive
& _" t4 N0 @( h0 j) R: p1 E) z5 _ Win32_TemperatureProbe( S, H- q6 u3 O# _
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply3 f6 {9 h; H# H5 O8 |
Win32_USBController; ^8 p+ M }% O* ^4 S% X* O4 U: l
Win32_VideoConfiguration
6 j; S& a( r0 P8 q5 p Win32_VideoController
6 z' K. H) s$ R Win32_VoltageProbe
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& C% j0 N5 n0 z5 M: Z7 J( x% q以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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