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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)5 N: }. W2 s+ ^: Z1 z: F
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6 a b% J9 ?" QWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
) T& R, k# C* Q" G" R& ?- z 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 ' s: u7 X% f7 Q V8 U% ?3 ^
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
. E$ w/ e" g/ d4 L) @ 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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" W+ {# ^* c% k4 RBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面2 T5 J+ f8 J" V
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2 U; }% s( z9 O' B* }* t/ \① 初始化 COM 接口:
" l* h( o2 d( c" g) L" ? 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
~. a3 A; z7 |2 B/ d 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。$ \4 @: M7 ^6 k% o0 y
( M+ C$ j9 i7 J( u& J② 获取访问 WMI 权限:& ]( @; S3 d; [7 v, p2 E
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
( Z$ n$ e& ^9 E. q' L' M4 m 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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, U2 m* F( K7 g. }2 J4 B& F③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
" A- _: P& J/ W7 A8 ?; {. C 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。" ~ l; F. O0 y
2 d* I' [( x) k3 F, i" M# A1 hvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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/ H4 J7 X) h2 d- N8 Q% ~ IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;. X, q8 {' s& ?
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)/ }8 ?3 L# p- b
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
. H2 M0 d- J# L+ x: e H WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");4 O1 v5 z* F( M: o; c9 Q
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK); x! o, h Y) J5 ^8 |0 H
{
8 g9 B P6 E n' ] IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;1 l/ H& s; P! G
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;# j" @1 l- r5 a" M! l$ ^
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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1 J7 j- M1 `9 ~+ P IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
2 _( S' |5 y/ G# a+ J, x) ? ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;4 D5 W; V4 z; S) v5 @" f) U, K
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;. o; N2 J) a: E+ ?$ q# D: }
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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! V$ t0 U# O: y% j lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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# F0 K, N3 N5 e+ G SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL; [ N! N6 z& ~* F# r( }
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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* p) p3 K/ l6 I4 ~+ u5 J: s long vbl, vbu;
. L! A" ~2 J; V. R6 u0 o# V' k SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);' F' [% |7 K+ ~- t t
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
3 }$ J- R$ Q: K! ]8 | for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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! u2 P+ W+ f0 Z8 p. `2 v! ]2 k# } long aidx = idx;
, s) R: m/ ?9 V3 l; t7 a wchar_t *wsName = 0;
. D y6 ]0 t. e' G b VARIANT vValue;6 h" A! R. g. A \
VariantInit(&vValue);
_; S7 c& ~1 C- a! t SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);6 A. t( R4 M1 S
7 t3 x4 I! R3 t0 B& \ BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
8 b$ w, e- j7 ?" F$ I HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);' `9 _3 q" z( a8 X) F$ n1 Q
SysFreeString(bs);
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/ U1 V" A |; d& U) ]( L N- p if(hRes == S_OK); u! O/ q6 }% ^9 f9 S3 Y
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AnsiString s;
# ^; c; V% A4 l, Q5 X; e { Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
8 {2 }8 j Q& ~' h/ K if(v.IsArray())% q$ f% R1 j M9 D
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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1 z6 x! p; }% E4 k% j Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
4 Q* V5 x9 J' c0 ]$ t/ g2 B7 v if(!s.IsEmpty())
# {$ P; T/ O* _, D+ X( h2 B: s s+=", ";0 @9 D& x1 b( |
s+=VarToStr(a);
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* q) e+ N3 N( z3 |2 i! [7 } else
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- V) T! r, z. t( ? s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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' z: j% o9 u* `) _+ P i! p VariantClear(&vValue);# k8 W" L7 k. {
SysFreeString(wsName);4 j% T2 Q$ Z( z6 L% o- ~% w
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);1 l' [- E: w/ W
iEnumIdx++;, w( g6 n1 s5 p: ]! w% y8 g
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}
5 u: F j" l+ T, v1 f) y if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();0 B+ y6 P; F: \4 F, M
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();1 m! j1 ]& Y8 S% c9 k5 O4 [
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();& ^2 e$ W8 F1 F G3 S' d
}
, p2 z1 T* l3 |9 A3 v3 \% g//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
]/ ]: O# b$ O( v8 nvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)5 P" W7 C7 l F% ^2 `; b5 A
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
# M1 \. |0 s+ S5 a$ e( l$ f9 W GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
~2 H# V$ I) S4 K4 H8 l1 d3 q% Y Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
) M( b$ r9 s- W5 e Win32_1394Controller. _ X- ]* U& r# x3 N, u4 s4 m
Win32_BaseBoard5 i3 D: H# P' v% S. M4 N
Win32_Battery
9 Q6 {3 C! q! j: \1 u6 i Win32_BIOS
# n; R$ X6 A3 [- u0 B Win32_Bus1 ?3 H; Z& l. v7 w0 y1 O
Win32_CacheMemory/ y6 N R* q5 X: \
Win32_CDROMDrive
: G( x" W; q w, x Win32_CurrentProbe& n8 @8 u* C; I
Win32_DesktopMonitor
) a4 j: |& L' O# e$ T2 h Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
. E( U$ }# ]- o0 T/ @ Win32_DiskDrive
( R: S( T% t: h9 p" { Win32_DisplayConfiguration- R3 R9 B2 c0 ?! D1 f' ~
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration c% ~6 l0 R# {4 V$ X" b$ N
Win32_DMAChannel' z% R) G, X( m& w
Win32_Fan
) z& q1 W. g* X, q# q/ e: G Win32_FloppyController
- T2 a* p0 u' p Win32_FloppyDrive4 T. U$ J M2 T5 x
Win32_HeatPipe
/ c5 S& R/ f, ]: t( b; W/ C- ] Win32_IDEController' T$ t+ Q$ k# r' s; F5 y
Win32_InfraredDevice! Z, U, `# T1 I$ Y; p
Win32_IRQResource
]" q8 g$ ?2 x5 e Win32_Keyboard6 l o- g J" G' o
Win32_MemoryArray# K7 ?6 u0 K: S* U( ?/ m
Win32_MemoryDevice; D G4 ^, P# M q- i! V; n
Win32_MotherboardDevice
- m+ {2 D6 ?* a; e1 q2 ` Win32_NetworkAdapter
: v. e- I; t: t. o! Q Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration2 j! Q2 v! y) E' C Y6 M9 E
Win32_OnBoardDevice
5 u% h* {2 ?; D# p2 c. s# z0 T Win32_ParallelPort' R2 W9 E, t: q' T& R
Win32_PCMCIAController- B7 {1 A9 y" K$ z4 K
Win32_PhysicalMemory* m$ a! g9 J N% d, \
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
. |$ o+ p6 K& @7 @& W Win32_PnPEntity
6 W& U6 r5 K( ^- s0 T/ _- f6 v Win32_PointingDevice8 I5 S4 X5 p3 B: R C
Win32_PortableBattery
7 ?% k$ f4 v5 O# `% r$ F( t Win32_PortConnector
" D' M; m0 n3 z9 v Win32_PortResource& o' o/ B6 L# l
Win32_POTSModem4 h1 m2 _5 ~# |8 `7 M
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
' X% ]- `! N1 d& E Win32_Printer* x# c! ]. H5 i3 o
Win32_PrinterConfiguration2 T$ ?. A' t# X. B
Win32_PrintJob2 \1 T1 U6 t9 s- E6 W
Win32_Processor/ e9 T! y4 c! O* n; i
Win32_Refrigeration2 D+ n& H3 t7 j r
Win32_SerialPort% [. m4 G7 l3 M
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
2 T. J+ V3 M" a! x1 c Win32_SMBIOSMemory0 {" H0 S8 P5 W# `' B! s7 S) X
Win32_SoundDevice
5 Q& y! }3 p9 i5 y7 `& Q Win32_SystemEnclosure
* b( a$ @- }. ^6 P! E& L Win32_SystemMemoryResource
+ P1 |+ N X! x/ V5 c- s Win32_SystemSlot4 H& w4 M4 B1 a
Win32_TapeDrive3 t' c1 t3 N$ |; I9 A* L6 I, Z
Win32_TemperatureProbe
% D; M' L' q z2 g1 P" q- n9 n1 O Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
. L) w @3 V( H; p5 f& N. g. h Win32_USBController% c# o5 X, X6 m+ a) Q. u2 l" x
Win32_VideoConfiguration# s$ ~, v" x" ` j4 M# [6 a9 ?
Win32_VideoController
( J' q% i- y$ o6 `$ \0 K Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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