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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)& o7 K8 Q3 L/ n
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7 e( x% w- r- X( W5 F" J; |WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)* u4 V3 s" y9 T- q
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
% m" R9 m4 C- a ^3 d 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。: @: L' C, ?8 l) F- y
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 , x& y7 L' i2 z* w% L5 a
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面& p$ {1 A6 B- i& [. t4 K9 X( N7 U9 D' r
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3 s$ F: k0 b+ W① 初始化 COM 接口:* [2 }/ O, Y" X
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
6 B+ G" g; |& |8 S9 [- \ Z" T 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
& m- @- X7 L; Q6 s CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);2 z' q) O4 Q$ ?+ `3 R
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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! Z+ ~+ k4 Y* b' x③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
( }% @& f7 M7 Z' F 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。2 C/ i) Z$ u) a) g9 e2 q
/ A/ p% i, e) x, O4 \3 S5 h' Dvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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! Y! O8 M1 S1 \% V! }% g4 R IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;& M3 N- t; P( T/ g2 l# x
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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) K2 y8 b0 y% F IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
& B9 L! j+ R/ j7 {7 r WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
: H, p: a1 u- w% G/ e if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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7 o2 [; K, Z6 p2 X# X. Q" |; M* d IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;+ {: p) j* r; ?5 a
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;& P$ v0 q4 a4 ]3 j+ }& H
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)3 ?: i3 V1 \, z& y! A0 R! ]0 E5 L
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;3 k8 O3 e7 L9 f6 h- [& ^ Y1 C
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
2 \0 s8 Y. o* h if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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4 y9 t4 e. Q0 ^7 ]" g* T6 Z int iEnumIdx = 0;
; y: f/ c" C. z+ d while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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- ^" o) v: F% S' |; F lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");* a5 ?0 {: v' a
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
, Y7 r& ? w5 ]7 \: P if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;
. E% ~6 O" l& Y0 [ SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
$ B, Y/ [% z$ p# ^$ L9 A$ h SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);. @( r. y" R5 E6 i% o: n/ I6 b4 e
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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. B$ |# Y4 ?, i7 x! C long aidx = idx;
% x6 s6 o7 }* h8 y' b wchar_t *wsName = 0;
- u1 _; z E0 z# x/ Y+ m( h% @ VARIANT vValue;7 o2 x; r5 D5 q0 m7 T
VariantInit(&vValue);
0 d$ t0 M; N( p; X% t SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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m/ n* T. Z$ U& o: P6 u" ]% w2 s BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);. S2 K/ V, @4 k+ @+ E) r4 v
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);6 u5 j: a+ m: K, R
SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)8 D" b1 n$ R$ b. c% }% }6 y% l1 m4 }
{
$ @2 k3 r4 A) x AnsiString s;
a$ y. E: ?$ y* l4 H# a Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
Z( u5 q& D7 [ if(v.IsArray()) I+ h$ j. I2 v% D# z3 l4 r
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
. i& X( Y2 p# c- b4 V" ~1 a% l if(!s.IsEmpty())/ k% |; ] r/ H1 c/ ~ ?
s+=", ";
( P0 @1 L m6 ?; I- F& _6 D s+=VarToStr(a);
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s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);
2 }& X) S9 n7 f2 e/ |% L SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);! a& f t9 q( V' C
iEnumIdx++;* ^9 T$ m: O% A/ |5 Z
}; N$ N$ `+ H8 V" h8 ~8 b
}
& k7 R4 c9 g& E% i g. f! o if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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$ f1 b1 s& p3 G. |2 `4 O; E if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();% D7 u1 o g$ L$ g2 n
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();" i! A' b) t+ F
}
. S$ k$ S: \. l) Z+ g& P//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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5 b5 g3 |, Q( \: {4 ^, A1 d1 B// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:) W) b6 q6 G {8 Q1 l% V
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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4 }, P& Y% N* I3 } y Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");! o+ k r4 i3 h+ `2 v
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
2 y! j) V) y( n' ^# P( x Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:8 |5 p \8 T8 O) F3 k8 G
Win32_1394Controller
" Z7 l% u% [+ U! i Win32_BaseBoard
5 n; M! k! Y" X* n/ {% D Win32_Battery
* ?2 y& ^4 B( `' Q0 M! p Win32_BIOS
, R$ H( x; j6 p8 H* Q. b& H' w Win32_Bus
, Y0 {/ a. L# M+ z2 e Win32_CacheMemory" b3 k+ v5 [6 \1 R- o; t: `
Win32_CDROMDrive
: i4 M- a2 \% O7 j( L7 F5 V Win32_CurrentProbe
! t5 N5 E8 R% j3 O: L2 |' e Win32_DesktopMonitor
3 u3 R( ?- I5 i h C( S Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress) S+ ^! o+ \2 A/ e' N
Win32_DiskDrive; {5 m+ m, P! l6 A1 Z
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
# o$ V5 d3 u) m. { Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration0 w* h1 }( w# v- o
Win32_DMAChannel
- r9 K: h7 A, D, S' o1 s Win32_Fan3 z/ G( y" r0 z( Q! o* {% N
Win32_FloppyController2 i) _4 p* Q+ \
Win32_FloppyDrive' e( b! D$ E* ~2 L s
Win32_HeatPipe, e# H3 R. T0 L+ f" [
Win32_IDEController
/ `7 A+ }/ U1 H' c Win32_InfraredDevice
. y' i2 v' U9 E& x3 J& }# e$ F Win32_IRQResource7 y. z, ]+ }1 i- |9 M
Win32_Keyboard
# d8 J% \( s8 i Win32_MemoryArray
: G) |( r% _% e: y/ ?. u) E9 J Win32_MemoryDevice
4 }1 \" P0 z7 h. R; V0 L/ b Win32_MotherboardDevice) a3 v8 c% |3 P ~& `& a" g6 Q1 d
Win32_NetworkAdapter
( O8 V; |: }; O* ^( @/ c+ P Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
# Y0 P; O2 }2 f Win32_OnBoardDevice
1 F4 P5 o' z: B, ? Win32_ParallelPort
- @" |; g3 O# r Win32_PCMCIAController
* c1 m$ |, r1 J2 l% L5 U3 q, j2 O* } Win32_PhysicalMemory
' B9 g m6 v* D# ?) m Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray# ]7 G- g1 X& @7 ]& C& n
Win32_PnPEntity
0 j' F$ Q3 t7 H! I Win32_PointingDevice
9 F2 z/ l, K+ c& R# V& z) [ Win32_PortableBattery
3 \" A" {0 V% w* r4 A& B: u: v Win32_PortConnector% E X# A- ]# D2 k$ k" C
Win32_PortResource$ T4 f0 B: _6 W3 g1 I
Win32_POTSModem
8 X; L/ K! c8 }7 } }9 ~: p Win32_PowerManagementEvent! w! i3 G& E9 h* c+ m* K
Win32_Printer
7 ~; b _6 U5 \% r Win32_PrinterConfiguration4 z0 p: p! i6 _0 a2 b
Win32_PrintJob
2 N2 B' N% v4 L8 ] Win32_Processor! e; i& N4 S+ [' Q
Win32_Refrigeration0 g% I/ R3 ?4 e- G% j- S2 l
Win32_SerialPort
" J" M( m+ C& [# s$ ] Win32_SerialPortConfiguration8 x& k# r, W$ `/ D3 j
Win32_SMBIOSMemory$ [: M0 a; E. R6 J) q3 P9 j& z- W
Win32_SoundDevice
: Z7 p$ R+ d. N Win32_SystemEnclosure
1 M& T& }/ t5 P8 O7 L, [ Win32_SystemMemoryResource, |/ f3 ^( |9 f1 v4 s/ R6 Y' e* i
Win32_SystemSlot P, A: w$ b% `( ]# O" _9 R- @
Win32_TapeDrive
M8 f& I! u) p. n Win32_TemperatureProbe" k( A% ~/ N- J+ ^0 I M0 W
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
1 R* s M# h! ~/ x* d! v( U Win32_USBController
+ @; ?2 S/ f# U# r, R Win32_VideoConfiguration
& ]+ A& m7 u7 S. z# e' B Win32_VideoController
4 H2 L4 e. ]" b) L* P Win32_VoltageProbe0 W1 u: v) e& c
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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