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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具): n; p) g; J; K( a6 f6 ?
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 2 q/ M8 T( @8 l6 g- H6 x1 P; l$ J
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。; S+ G4 I# x& A; x \
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 : h; `5 ?. J; y* C( v; E# V
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面7 x& Y7 ?4 g' ^2 J& {- Q, F4 j
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① 初始化 COM 接口:( O$ i$ _1 w; k7 Q3 ^( N8 j0 ~# U
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
+ _; m) H) g) [: F 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。8 r0 ?6 y& T: j( F B/ f6 b9 X
; E1 b' @; }; u, a. x② 获取访问 WMI 权限:2 g+ u) x9 }/ [
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
3 a/ h( ]8 T5 Q* [6 V/ n3 e6 G6 i 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。6 P1 ]4 l- q( z/ _, M8 g
4 e$ p3 y* w+ U/ {; w6 r③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:. v2 G4 }3 l) y+ x* T
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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6 S2 g/ z5 ^: p7 y; @3 ]void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;! s; a& y: a+ P! E
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
1 M& d( R0 E. x1 r# S a7 W/ B WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
4 B4 J' F7 `$ b2 ?' }$ c, u& t if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)$ \/ ^: J" l5 U6 l q
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;: Q& B! S% r% i; O4 q
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;' {) D" ~% n2 U# T
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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6 m- Y- ?. l/ n IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
$ N; w5 L% c* B/ R7 ~3 W ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;: m) M+ B. e& F& r& g
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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* a1 P) M* p5 x int iEnumIdx = 0;, o: a# l! s g+ k+ [ J
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)" Z( }+ g1 Q$ ~! E+ {
{
: n; [3 e v- ~6 Y% f2 A& g lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;' u# j- O/ G) k7 `$ _6 |$ K! m
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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1 f) S% D, `% }1 x9 r+ s long vbl, vbu;
6 u& ^9 M) F/ `& M; D( _! h SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
* x0 f' K% D) j6 z SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);; P' E& b* f# M- b# t
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;% h' y( E, V k% c W8 p
wchar_t *wsName = 0;4 W# f9 t# m, u( f& ?, H/ y
VARIANT vValue;
% \2 _7 u6 L: J: o VariantInit(&vValue);
; g" n' v* \- Q; U& ]: n SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
* {9 a3 i' Z+ T HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
" _+ B6 |% Z' g SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)# p P% O' [/ T. D% ?7 }* E
{
- ~, i+ L1 h6 L" D AnsiString s;" H: X# c2 p, E; z3 s2 r: v
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;: ]. D2 w* ^, J' T n
if(v.IsArray())
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- T# {/ m9 z5 Q' I* v for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)0 z7 W( r J/ L8 g
{
3 j/ u% b, O5 n t Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
2 k! F6 L% Z& c7 R+ ^) d if(!s.IsEmpty())# B0 V. R, ?4 | ~
s+=", ";! w' S) u* M( i7 _' G
s+=VarToStr(a);
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else' E3 ]' B2 w$ Z- p
{
, e8 r* f+ C0 d. E, w: h4 ?% s, A s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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# g! {4 W9 K, H. H- _ X VariantClear(&vValue);* t9 q; u) r. L( N) a3 d
SysFreeString(wsName);+ u9 U7 e5 m- n! Y+ {' W5 P
}
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. h/ g" L0 W W, r$ H0 [ if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);( T! R' K; z- w1 s, [) a, q8 g
iEnumIdx++;
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+ R H+ w& W( @0 k5 `: c if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();$ z& w# x* O$ F, b- r* w8 d& p
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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0 m, @& y; F9 {" d- d//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2 s- b* i5 y# \& f// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
& Z0 r3 c! P- j- F' evoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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0 F6 R) Y6 d3 A* L0 K7 W0 a Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");, B* F! a! ` t( O
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
% D5 X/ H* z, d0 F Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:" G: Z/ [0 p. g0 h
Win32_1394Controller
$ w$ K; }& P' L Win32_BaseBoard$ B; ]/ T/ _3 D# V& X
Win32_Battery
: W' C0 O5 \" f) D }" Q Win32_BIOS
3 F6 e5 p: t( J, v$ v9 E Win32_Bus- x5 B* r0 x$ k( b- H K
Win32_CacheMemory
$ ~# M5 V: }! `( D e Win32_CDROMDrive
+ Q1 q8 S: t/ ^' c$ P0 J1 @ Win32_CurrentProbe
4 F/ G( e# J. P/ W Win32_DesktopMonitor! b+ ^4 k* {/ l P1 X: a( C- S4 M' k
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
2 y/ H+ V, d1 X/ p Win32_DiskDrive
( H9 s, L1 z' w1 o4 ? Win32_DisplayConfiguration
9 c; @+ `2 L2 M* Q+ a6 t4 @ Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration# ]( E& U2 ^8 {0 V
Win32_DMAChannel
% r8 |) @! w9 a& N3 Q* v3 @+ U: T) c4 ` Win32_Fan
* @+ m1 ~4 [* A s1 D$ H4 X9 z Win32_FloppyController! _( t3 G2 J _+ S) p& ]2 G. l! U
Win32_FloppyDrive, q8 O9 ]+ g& p2 m* E
Win32_HeatPipe* x' T5 O" z% Z2 O/ G
Win32_IDEController
3 G9 j1 G1 j3 B W Win32_InfraredDevice0 |; Q. q' L% f8 j' \% T
Win32_IRQResource
. m4 a) y+ n) b* Z3 x' s K Win32_Keyboard9 J( {/ C, v" U) n1 q1 V8 n! r
Win32_MemoryArray
7 i# W* \! q) u- j Win32_MemoryDevice
: ~0 }$ _; T) t5 E |' Q! A! u Win32_MotherboardDevice
' i. @: s& e5 H9 K, n4 w Win32_NetworkAdapter8 ]* t% r0 K; V; x; m
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
* Y; Z2 t! g0 R- [9 t# i Win32_OnBoardDevice5 d5 ^* c/ @. E! [+ C. ~( N' m" b
Win32_ParallelPort
- J0 Y! s) N5 I3 H2 e Win32_PCMCIAController1 p5 X1 Q1 g0 h, \1 r( Y
Win32_PhysicalMemory% q7 a$ h- G" T7 Q
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
/ ~- U1 Y+ G0 @# \- o Win32_PnPEntity
7 _: f% G3 t8 t4 S4 A# C5 R( O+ Y Win32_PointingDevice
' Q& u4 _! I- ^2 L8 A9 C Win32_PortableBattery8 U1 ?; B" I" G; X. _
Win32_PortConnector$ q8 _2 {* _( t! C! P. B# T
Win32_PortResource
3 T+ r0 j' }7 o$ q Win32_POTSModem
) [' r+ m! J( p3 [% `2 L, R* X Win32_PowerManagementEvent" H3 s3 k# E. w
Win32_Printer
$ { g8 l m3 X. Z# p Win32_PrinterConfiguration
, e" E( a1 u, E$ L Win32_PrintJob+ [& T: L# I# |- \
Win32_Processor' H" d: a1 j5 E( Q: l4 f4 ?) k
Win32_Refrigeration
T- I: x+ f5 }# K# G Win32_SerialPort
+ @" H3 Q e# L. m, Z- K Win32_SerialPortConfiguration! x5 Q( g9 j8 ~" H; T) ]5 I4 m
Win32_SMBIOSMemory3 v6 A" w+ ?' V
Win32_SoundDevice
7 Z- f; }$ t2 t, { P5 A+ e Win32_SystemEnclosure
( ]5 I% i1 z5 x5 K Win32_SystemMemoryResource) D0 C0 b4 i$ j- d
Win32_SystemSlot/ X( O0 X C: z8 {) J, @5 ~: N
Win32_TapeDrive
. y" o9 a" G+ \ [ Win32_TemperatureProbe9 ^7 N+ p8 x0 N+ F+ b
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
" ?( }" A: Y& G1 A$ t Win32_USBController
. t2 H. |: q8 Z6 V Win32_VideoConfiguration8 h* I& }' @# ?4 D. _) N
Win32_VideoController2 L5 f& R |: c$ B2 x- u2 Y
Win32_VoltageProbe
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: [) a. h! t' a' O7 F' U# V/ ~: W- v以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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