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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)7 z+ N/ J, t- J0 C4 @5 l0 E
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5 ~) H2 n* A1 \. _; ?1 W& V! o0 h+ dWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
+ l" @9 N! k- X. l# J% R b/ C: U 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 ( h R: [9 ?9 p8 j" O; T
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
5 P" I' L7 Y5 |" g+ A2 L3 r 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 " w7 ]' R' @. n
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) x h5 T% W0 Y, a7 Y; \! UBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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; y0 D3 Y/ \7 ~# @6 l$ `. n( z, U① 初始化 COM 接口:- e/ D: d7 g" ]2 A2 _5 o: C T4 e. F
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。. h$ T4 v8 g" ~' T( i" ~
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。! e# z- F. L/ V( ]3 {( J% J
0 y+ p2 k: h* Z/ v! y② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
- h& E, |- M, }' e2 I% |2 { CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
9 D) ?+ j0 m9 x5 S# H 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:6 l+ J; |, s/ b$ b' M2 s
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。+ Z6 g o9 p( U) `- E$ V5 _+ U2 [
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
" R4 l9 f c) B5 {{
. ?; s- K: S& j4 l& p- U IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
: _9 R) n- n" u& w l6 w& O if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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; H$ f$ K6 j0 t' {3 o; f: d, h IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
! m/ u. ~* O* p* `- N; l" K WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
" r3 P) u1 O" T' X' [6 [0 d if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
4 @6 ]6 d6 w' Z+ H WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;" ?, X. s4 V5 k& s D1 i
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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2 I& P' O( J, u% f7 g8 K$ @1 ~ IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
! p: V- L& }6 X; b ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;& X" c4 t3 y2 _( g% ?
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK); [& R7 }7 h) l q; R3 t* G
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int iEnumIdx = 0;
6 _9 @6 f' _. g" ~! E# F while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");- G* ~. I+ F ?. P1 @+ V
* t: N, G- U2 f! ~, |& b* K9 J" G SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;- t) e* M i' O* V5 Q2 |, z' J
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)2 V# t% G+ R3 D$ i7 H, {; p. [/ c% P
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long vbl, vbu;- G" K) K6 j: m0 M3 N# W8 k. q
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
3 L# T R& v; s8 f* o6 p( N SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
) A$ e, o9 H/ X: H) A! S- ] for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;
5 C% Q! p( B) x a6 j1 L4 ?- ~ wchar_t *wsName = 0;) k1 w; Q9 Y5 g5 r$ n, y! O
VARIANT vValue;- d, W/ W9 K, z; @) Z/ y
VariantInit(&vValue);
: _9 ^) U4 f" f7 I V" C) b7 S1 u SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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/ { n0 I/ j2 w$ ] BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
! {2 T7 }5 T& l/ S9 s, \( e HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
, R. @- L, g; C; @- @7 x+ P SysFreeString(bs);
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[* b! L% l D% E% a& u/ M if(hRes == S_OK)
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% Y9 M' h9 f9 Q2 |2 ] AnsiString s;
7 Z$ \( n% \( h0 }7 `" c! i Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;* C* u& a- w0 `; q7 N* J% |. @
if(v.IsArray())
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6 B2 G& Y/ l' k% W( W; i. h for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)$ u2 \! V8 S! K! ^
{
: a- ~2 ?5 m4 J Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
) h$ A- g4 {- c if(!s.IsEmpty())% C7 C$ t! j# A4 @% k% F
s+=", ";0 v. e% a" r3 \8 Y5 k' w' J
s+=VarToStr(a);
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}
' ?( V& U$ d1 P. r+ M else
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# p9 E7 X& l; p s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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( F8 i: H. w; P VariantClear(&vValue);
6 f) V5 Q Y0 U$ r! t SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
7 d. U" l0 s0 _9 D J: }5 H* J" X iEnumIdx++;( T- j/ j s* p0 J: b
}
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+ r; M+ w5 s/ v# [; s- l( ] if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();( C: L U* L7 f, L5 S' e4 j3 Y- W' f; W" v
}
) ?3 I0 \- _ U3 z* x( j8 N if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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, ~# `/ h, X; q6 [3 b- U if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();( B `0 Z/ m/ \* s* h& B
}
! Q/ o; k X9 y4 d//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:6 B, ?& l( L! Q3 s! D3 }
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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5 D+ A% U# p0 e. D9 A Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");9 G" N2 {9 R* @6 `% u7 v
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
2 Q: h* T! F& }* X4 s8 R; s% o3 E' @ Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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. m E+ A- Z8 K$ s0 F) y. RWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
) x$ f: K- Y0 J Win32_1394Controller
* `: v9 I9 ]0 A- y Win32_BaseBoard; a8 y; X/ ] v+ f( |9 I Z n: `
Win32_Battery
% s0 o3 c: t/ E. X( a) K7 x Win32_BIOS
0 F4 ~/ L% _" \) Z$ v( s* Y Win32_Bus
. B# L9 y* x, ^/ r( m6 J Win32_CacheMemory
- X4 G) I3 N; E. G! v. g! w Win32_CDROMDrive1 x8 I) e5 V# q( s" T+ \0 o5 j; F6 ^- b
Win32_CurrentProbe
% |+ l' [0 n! @$ I Win32_DesktopMonitor8 y( t3 P4 c3 [. H
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
8 |& _4 H4 z# ]! R( r- G& q Win32_DiskDrive. B5 P& ? l _5 D7 u9 P
Win32_DisplayConfiguration2 W4 D8 s6 N' j# b) q
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration! |/ [% j3 O: b( g+ K/ b2 Q( v
Win32_DMAChannel* K8 N9 c- D* X. T
Win32_Fan
! C3 p7 f( C ~9 x Win32_FloppyController
; u) K% p8 i( c0 S0 G: k( X Win32_FloppyDrive* D! a; I! Q- {+ v) c
Win32_HeatPipe. s# m' P1 C- |% V% J: |
Win32_IDEController% M/ {- p0 c" S" G8 {; U; Q
Win32_InfraredDevice$ o. C' i: L$ m
Win32_IRQResource" F. E5 b/ J$ @3 k
Win32_Keyboard
& S8 T2 i% G& \. r7 _4 Z; P Win32_MemoryArray
7 X2 d5 t# s* I2 K/ A% l# B Win32_MemoryDevice
- R8 G3 g6 s0 p Win32_MotherboardDevice
5 n3 ?! m& P9 r) W Q& { Win32_NetworkAdapter) U4 P5 \& W1 m
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration8 Z, |/ D' X2 t. ~5 x- k
Win32_OnBoardDevice
. k) v7 z( z. {' D6 X Win32_ParallelPort) r# m8 }0 D9 T& Z
Win32_PCMCIAController: f( k4 V7 G: Z5 r) A* X/ z
Win32_PhysicalMemory- X4 f! M# }2 J: l0 |, l
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray r8 N% V" O" [2 n5 }+ D
Win32_PnPEntity' z2 c2 x2 `) J( U# w1 d3 x
Win32_PointingDevice
4 g1 F5 X4 k& f Win32_PortableBattery9 K% b# l: b( @5 s9 B: h: K
Win32_PortConnector
2 j$ [6 |6 b- ?: x Win32_PortResource0 c" R: g( ~6 p1 l* C
Win32_POTSModem& @, f8 T: L' a/ D
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
+ N- B1 ~8 ~% y. E4 x1 I7 T- {6 [ Win32_Printer
) v, Y" }2 j% V: w Win32_PrinterConfiguration
6 s- n- n( L0 } Win32_PrintJob$ [) [; e8 A; g: [ r8 |
Win32_Processor
( e3 K- \2 g' j [5 w/ c/ h Win32_Refrigeration
: _6 n* t0 D% H: `: e Win32_SerialPort
) K' m, |0 v9 ? Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
, x3 N7 [' w/ k' n4 ` Win32_SMBIOSMemory
9 H& S9 m0 w9 t( R Win32_SoundDevice; r& @; B; ]+ i. b
Win32_SystemEnclosure0 o, J+ R+ U, Y2 Z* Z) n
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
@# {" T2 @. |: Y" R" b Win32_SystemSlot7 a( |( Q) i! q1 a1 h" X
Win32_TapeDrive0 [0 w4 U* T) x
Win32_TemperatureProbe
$ R7 i8 Q* n _: z* X+ E8 \* j Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply* R7 U/ L8 b3 @# h2 n, |
Win32_USBController
' a- ^( i7 F, h6 [# L1 e Win32_VideoConfiguration- i0 v' m$ }; i! |* S
Win32_VideoController8 ?9 Y& W0 N @* W: S% y
Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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