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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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! L6 ]' _ S) u2 j3 e8 C& rWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)$ m& I7 L& y; E [# c1 x
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 : H O; }! f5 A* _' Q* Q* R
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。9 `% u; P0 @9 h! s
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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2 G9 v6 L# g# g z+ UBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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7 }- k# [4 s5 }# S( V① 初始化 COM 接口:& ~+ h, ^! R! I) [
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。: l5 ~( C1 J E B* J \ _) ]' u. f
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。' R5 E/ Q$ L v8 q) X
" H1 g( V+ ~( r/ Z, I* N6 ^② 获取访问 WMI 权限: G2 Z+ w! q7 ?0 v
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);- J: ?/ N7 ^* V" B; O8 u
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
& Z% ?: P. e \* ~" \- w8 @1 l' d 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。) n" M( J7 r4 Q3 i' C: W* N
' p- g7 v1 M9 L' fvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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) O+ Q* i3 B2 Q+ B; A IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;0 {) X, t4 }- ^/ s
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)/ y X3 M$ B& o4 N2 G2 C& @
{
4 f+ I& q+ m- q$ y& D+ G IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
# o; y/ i; E, ?. V" T! s WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");* @8 n; w: g. V" n: L. G( x
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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9 W6 v+ c; {( r& U( G) f2 [ IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
# [& B r7 S+ N0 i4 k2 p WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
' m) I3 s( }1 c if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;! y0 | H; z5 i: E- o
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;! A+ x& A8 ~ V t8 F9 {. V
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)$ p3 Q% H4 E' W! a4 g6 n
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int iEnumIdx = 0;# R) u" B! G* b2 U5 U" s
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");1 w1 F( e; V6 I; z; {& }7 K& Y
2 }# @, r% G: p+ }! c& n2 |9 Q# c SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;* W5 j5 e. u9 }
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;8 G$ l& l3 i" Q! g
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);3 U% y; A2 U, A9 h; e8 _3 n* ~% B
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);* Z+ N+ T- ]: x4 Y! ~ c2 L
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)1 Z' H0 s4 r9 A' n" q
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long aidx = idx;4 c* E6 X5 t1 h/ f( y
wchar_t *wsName = 0;' f/ K& [6 w* f9 n$ y
VARIANT vValue;
- c6 X: |! w2 i, {/ j VariantInit(&vValue);
+ E! ~ R8 S: A8 ^# s# t SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);/ x0 L9 x/ A0 ?0 q
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);; u2 J9 `0 G& a, ^9 @+ O
SysFreeString(bs);5 I) W5 p! p: ]% t3 c
, g, Y7 B! j | if(hRes == S_OK)
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& e5 O1 U6 \0 F: |' O AnsiString s;
! N8 k/ h" d3 P5 y; z) N% k Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
/ \% b7 B/ w O; x( d; q- ~ if(v.IsArray())
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m9 t3 n0 g* F: h+ _ for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)* W9 H! Z% N$ u/ v, k
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);* a8 |6 ?1 ~5 u
if(!s.IsEmpty())
! s o9 b9 f7 n( {' `4 n9 [ s+=", ";
9 s- r; J: f: B# Y6 b9 U1 \' ] s+=VarToStr(a);
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else+ J# M2 q g% X3 ^
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s = VarToStr(v);
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0 m8 c1 Z k3 G. J* z( ^* o+ y lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);6 ]; M8 b% A; ~$ W; J `: z8 K
}
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VariantClear(&vValue);
2 K0 d# T% j8 L; l SysFreeString(wsName);* S7 n6 K+ d1 D( b6 u( S
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);! A/ i& `6 I$ b# R6 V6 P+ }( z
iEnumIdx++;& s' N+ L7 P- m
}
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% a9 P8 O/ c/ B& c/ e) v5 N4 W if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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6 g( |$ Q" }! h9 T if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();# x2 v, x3 ?7 K' |" [6 n
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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" C0 ]% b+ C1 ?% b; ?7 C$ g2 W if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------# T9 ^8 Y9 f$ o7 W( z
, L! W" s9 ?: Y' |// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
, x8 R( F& {$ B% y X* xvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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" F1 ]9 d3 N6 h+ M Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");$ c" o% r9 Q: t" L4 G# h
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");2 m% H0 ^8 D( k$ ]! e2 { ]1 p0 v
Memo1->Lines->Add("");# ^" A, n3 y+ }3 n# e: i. d! m u* {3 d
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3 H4 L7 |4 ^; _2 o# g, T! iWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:# I8 `4 C: P( p" w
Win32_1394Controller
4 i& m1 l# f! K; d5 ^$ H$ | Win32_BaseBoard0 Z! ^& J7 u6 W$ P
Win32_Battery
- H- Z' W) P8 j& z4 H5 q Win32_BIOS
" J3 F! B- A* D( X& ^ B Win32_Bus
% A [# P. \. F& H* [! v Win32_CacheMemory
3 x1 o: D) a8 m7 T# J3 Z' ?8 b' [% K Win32_CDROMDrive0 T' x$ V" `- X6 b: V3 p
Win32_CurrentProbe
3 h! i- V; H) L Win32_DesktopMonitor
% ?4 i# a' }, a0 F9 L, x, \4 n Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress0 z7 @5 }' }) l U0 h t
Win32_DiskDrive
, X# _, F2 K5 `3 d2 _ Win32_DisplayConfiguration* L3 \! q( z/ k2 C1 n- i
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration" ?5 m w7 l& J: _9 K7 r
Win32_DMAChannel
! M D9 B9 P' w2 a Win32_Fan( T0 d; w8 q; b
Win32_FloppyController& ]! C# ?# K6 w8 @3 o
Win32_FloppyDrive2 \$ W; v6 M" S2 _1 }
Win32_HeatPipe$ o" U5 T7 e2 U1 e
Win32_IDEController" n9 _# Q' }+ W
Win32_InfraredDevice K& h3 q6 @+ l/ L1 Y
Win32_IRQResource4 W5 N( J& C# o$ j3 A
Win32_Keyboard' r7 }$ `. Y) T" n) m* Z. ~
Win32_MemoryArray) M C. [1 K5 F; ^- u
Win32_MemoryDevice- E0 a: B, E) q5 F
Win32_MotherboardDevice% O1 Z. ~/ i- W; M+ t
Win32_NetworkAdapter- k1 N. t$ }( q6 m3 y" {: {
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration* w3 V* a7 c) P6 S6 b
Win32_OnBoardDevice
, B ?5 L3 ~+ a- N Win32_ParallelPort7 w7 F! e5 D9 G
Win32_PCMCIAController& J! B5 e# B4 r
Win32_PhysicalMemory
7 }$ e0 u: _7 S; M9 u6 S1 L1 m Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
6 o2 S3 P1 R4 n Win32_PnPEntity" A9 y5 E9 Q5 s. \; C. b0 F
Win32_PointingDevice( X# C+ b; F& z5 f' k5 Q; q
Win32_PortableBattery: m9 u+ i" _; d# w# k( F, u
Win32_PortConnector
' T# |( Z5 _; w) D9 {; L* x+ ~ Win32_PortResource
' A1 T! N& _/ K& i+ D% m# p, {- R Win32_POTSModem) d4 e% c" K( k6 N
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
a- L4 R4 ~4 x0 r. d1 G: L Win32_Printer8 p! x$ q/ t4 e
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
6 X# q6 z8 l( J. t, ?# M Win32_PrintJob: o4 ^3 \ D- k& X, r
Win32_Processor
4 D2 x& S" X* p. E$ Y8 z Win32_Refrigeration" @! J! {+ E' u% ^4 ?5 I9 `6 }# w( D3 L
Win32_SerialPort* D" g4 r e- F' @- B# M! A! \4 O
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
+ {) @4 r1 G& O+ j! b( a$ X Win32_SMBIOSMemory4 }; k4 L2 C, O. F" U" x$ L
Win32_SoundDevice
+ c+ k2 n, ~% l0 I! p: a Win32_SystemEnclosure
& B6 V0 ]) x. t3 T$ F; Y Win32_SystemMemoryResource' |" Q7 T* F1 A+ T
Win32_SystemSlot; `1 D6 ]( |$ J0 \. N
Win32_TapeDrive
8 ^" q5 |( ^- q d( s Win32_TemperatureProbe- S/ X" ]+ _; y. Q& E
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
4 _. A" ]- x, z7 W$ j* i( B5 C Win32_USBController
8 n8 [5 H* h" ^3 ]- T Win32_VideoConfiguration
0 q- g6 Z6 D( L4 m- Y, s0 H Win32_VideoController3 N* ]2 G; t w4 }% q5 V; Q
Win32_VoltageProbe* |6 P6 F$ F* |
$ |4 F7 x6 D* _* V) r以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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