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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)- M2 h- @* f& o2 C
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 8 U$ F2 a& b0 O5 }3 a% X& g
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
! q$ J! {, F# e. r/ H/ G 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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5 u; G3 e) s+ G$ J; ~) j9 UBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面 b) ]7 C& F3 }; g4 N
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3 T5 p2 @0 a& z u8 h" ~. j/ y( p, f0 i① 初始化 COM 接口:; ]/ Q' ~% J1 O
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
, S4 W' R1 A( u) A; t 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
$ N2 G- O N4 q) u$ z8 O Q/ t, v: R. h CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
4 \7 W8 R; N3 M# k: V4 H 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:* Q8 \' u3 Z; {% B' a$ m
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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/ q/ P( c. [% @8 }7 Q" wvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)( ~" Z& ?" c" U3 S
{
: ]6 B4 ^9 ^8 a6 y! _8 J" j IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
' ~; e4 V3 S- S) Z* G if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)1 e# T: D0 O. s+ Q$ q' P% {
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
X P. K7 B2 O! z1 L. i. U) b WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
4 Z' J1 ]" f9 ^6 ` if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)7 S- I1 S% f3 E5 p
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
: Z; t- }% _: `7 {# p) |+ W9 Y WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;5 y. Y2 V9 W* t1 W! r% K
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;! C5 m- L9 N* L) G5 `- Q) c- [
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
' W* M7 q# O. V if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)2 f" _9 J. Z3 B6 E+ V
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int iEnumIdx = 0;+ Q$ A7 J- D- B0 {
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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, b: g( Q& Z! M5 c0 N# l lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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6 f7 }) T5 Q( {2 Z SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;# t% S& ~+ R7 p6 E: q$ v! o
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)' P8 @+ R/ W" L' K3 w6 @0 G
{
4 {! x. g& ]. i8 n% }( `1 N2 ~) f0 R* Z long vbl, vbu;' r9 T4 C! {+ _) @& f; Q
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
{' w2 V& B0 c2 Y$ k SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);3 h8 e$ @5 \+ c. K/ ^
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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: m2 t( [9 S$ G$ P long aidx = idx;8 A. I, s N- {0 J& |# E8 p9 V
wchar_t *wsName = 0;- u, m0 X' s" m
VARIANT vValue;, n A8 b) D6 V' K+ d
VariantInit(&vValue);
% B! w3 A( l- j5 [- g9 E. c SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);) m; E6 D- m/ |: c1 X
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
$ }* {+ f# G0 l# M! Q+ P- {# v* b4 Z SysFreeString(bs);
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+ E2 I* O$ Q8 y8 D4 g) \0 `' ] if(hRes == S_OK)
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2 {, _6 j% ?! F& P2 @ AnsiString s;+ A, j0 y/ Y* D0 ?
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
6 J8 X, \: Y% _* ]9 J! {- E( u: ] if(v.IsArray())
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( D. ^# L/ t) N! `5 s/ T/ z for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)1 f" b, Q' ?9 I! n t4 x) d8 k
{
# L& V4 n5 e$ C5 A' u( R Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
, b7 M& M/ d. F& ?' h if(!s.IsEmpty())8 M4 P9 J3 ^& |7 N- X. Z. W
s+=", ";3 [+ z3 g0 |! c; `
s+=VarToStr(a);/ g9 {% z6 F `1 d9 O8 Y x
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}
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M" \, l0 O9 J8 J s = VarToStr(v);. l4 _: I* f6 b! Y& |" v
}
. g; M* V$ Z" b9 _, E) N0 c lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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0 h ^( y8 @) Z: Z+ Y; P VariantClear(&vValue);: }* R$ V* u+ H3 K9 L5 s
SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames); S, d+ |, b5 I3 i& k
iEnumIdx++;
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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: Z4 I1 e5 E# B; u' t6 ]! f; i if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();7 W& y4 A, a S' b+ |2 S& T; o4 [$ I
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();- w6 i' y( Q3 S( | e
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
/ ?* p- `0 r+ ^) ~void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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* T6 W, [1 ^) L, l M( X* @6 } Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");9 G' O- w9 @1 S. o) j5 B' J; L
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
. u+ M: f8 f7 g. f* } Memo1->Lines->Add("");, ]: K i% p4 x; W
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
+ c9 ^' O! }; @- B; _ Win32_1394Controller
! b8 F9 |* J1 ?' M+ M6 J# S, p Win32_BaseBoard7 J4 B$ f( `, S" U& X
Win32_Battery
7 y* A3 y$ O( x- v! y: x9 V Win32_BIOS1 K' S& ^ S+ |8 W" O U( L
Win32_Bus: a* ^8 |, d! Z* G8 h/ F
Win32_CacheMemory0 s2 k( P Q" K. g6 P8 M% I
Win32_CDROMDrive
2 q5 O' v: M7 f& ?6 Q u$ G* L8 a Win32_CurrentProbe: I# z! D' a1 F
Win32_DesktopMonitor' ?! ? j) |9 u |, B/ A
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
5 d$ {5 e: j, \0 s+ m6 k Win32_DiskDrive- W5 e& a( ?' j* j& A5 ~: l
Win32_DisplayConfiguration3 @# N! _# C. w$ Q# _' [
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
1 R5 }7 S) a# E/ J9 z Win32_DMAChannel
" d3 C! g, S5 O) H2 W* W8 G Win32_Fan: \& A+ v: F, D- s6 o% U# A
Win32_FloppyController, T# D( E" k `3 C6 w b# D1 R
Win32_FloppyDrive
6 _0 X3 A7 O! z8 F( U Win32_HeatPipe. A. |8 V/ S+ }( E9 w, f2 p
Win32_IDEController
4 D6 G: l% J9 r1 f- i* P Win32_InfraredDevice* K! i9 e1 a" ^" _' b
Win32_IRQResource
8 A- F( g ~; L+ F Win32_Keyboard2 c$ W: Q5 g: B; t3 v
Win32_MemoryArray9 G- I3 W* m' O# O( I0 `
Win32_MemoryDevice0 o) o. E$ e, ~7 Q
Win32_MotherboardDevice
7 g( R8 G( ~+ P3 \# n: L1 M) x, N/ F Win32_NetworkAdapter
8 Q. Q+ W* q* M6 M9 b7 L# i4 c2 m! w Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
& u/ f' V* d) ~; W Win32_OnBoardDevice
3 H3 g, S1 b$ r8 D- j/ _9 z3 t Win32_ParallelPort1 z+ Z6 j* k* ^* l! B+ v! B
Win32_PCMCIAController0 G, a2 M! Q1 q- ?" B* F' E+ g
Win32_PhysicalMemory$ \3 ~: b5 {" w
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
* a3 w! n+ B- u. i8 Y2 U2 F Win32_PnPEntity$ \* b i# ? W Z2 X( D+ F
Win32_PointingDevice0 h+ J' {& n% g# w( S, u ^# I
Win32_PortableBattery
# p) L; e4 l! O5 G Win32_PortConnector
' P' i( x+ I2 `2 H' j% l Win32_PortResource X& r4 A/ s" T: E
Win32_POTSModem/ Q, q O# C: k" u" u
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
) P' a# z8 {' O5 m1 ^+ d! B Win32_Printer
+ r& Q Y8 A! Y+ N% @ Win32_PrinterConfiguration
5 e' Y5 I7 h( l0 _ Win32_PrintJob
4 q8 d2 O- }& G. X- ]5 g1 I- T9 S Win32_Processor
1 ?* D7 F3 K! d" c1 r( E y Win32_Refrigeration
, G6 _) R$ c+ m q Win32_SerialPort2 u; O: x3 c+ \- ^
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration( Z: s2 o5 A* {7 |
Win32_SMBIOSMemory' P `( ~& U9 F& o" L+ H; c
Win32_SoundDevice
7 \3 |; [- ]" F6 [4 h7 ]# _7 U Win32_SystemEnclosure
' q& J& y: z' }* u/ K8 U, J0 \ Win32_SystemMemoryResource* |3 s+ U4 Z" Q
Win32_SystemSlot
- X7 N1 z5 n/ I" a2 q1 r Win32_TapeDrive
( @/ s9 V* e& ?/ i& t" _ Win32_TemperatureProbe$ W. ?7 i1 T% f- f& W9 M Z
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
" S$ l: g* r! O& r: m Win32_USBController2 V+ X/ @1 n6 _; [
Win32_VideoConfiguration
& ?1 y+ B: b5 A: m0 [$ k Win32_VideoController
) c& n- V: O6 l" R1 ~. Y: W Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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