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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)0 k. q8 A! J8 H5 m. P3 n
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
5 w/ z# r9 z3 V. Z- H3 o$ L! I 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
& |4 ~' X) {& }, \0 E 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
. W5 S9 C4 R Z1 m 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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( E" a" ~' q; s: B; m8 DBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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: d R9 y+ Q6 }① 初始化 COM 接口:! {, d0 k4 ~, Q' g
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
' |! X2 d2 N( d; W 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。4 W: {5 k# J( h/ C% @$ N, }
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:3 ]5 u d1 I3 _4 i
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
) Y" R4 d. {) p! a* x9 ~ 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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/ b7 \5 ^0 ~: t1 k③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
8 {+ w% I$ N: ] 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。* D' Z# I ? P
2 \0 e: P$ s) a" z* ^void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
0 I& h i: p; n6 C9 N& C{
! @4 q9 y4 s5 _7 [( W# f" c IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
2 U9 ~4 d7 W0 Q4 D if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK); ?5 e, l2 i' H1 K/ z
{
- q6 L% F0 u+ u/ M7 W" l IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
# @1 |& G+ q; `6 m4 \& L WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
4 a$ i# F. v4 C7 [# Z4 N if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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1 X% A8 s3 T2 I K+ t) L/ h) _ IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;& O6 f+ A/ R! @5 V' s& x V
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
( T8 Q' M8 x5 v4 k( | if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK) B- A4 T! k. H2 P# ?) ^
{
) M+ ]$ {. N( S: o; o IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
, D! \" i8 S* {' |6 D1 U! w4 r ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;' O$ i: ^- _$ [+ ?, d/ ~4 d$ i
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)! d4 U( F/ ]" X; {2 T
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int iEnumIdx = 0;; h$ d X) a" B+ S7 M: Y
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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( h* l' t7 L) @4 a SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
# B2 m) j* q, K( E# X, x if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)! J) h: V4 f& F4 T
{
4 n" S- ]) |/ N5 W; v& O( j long vbl, vbu;
: o+ q- \5 `. V SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);& u; N1 s5 m8 m- B& E0 [) ]6 e
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
/ j; C" @1 L, [% g3 M5 T9 n for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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; f7 h7 K" _% E2 w long aidx = idx;
! G9 f5 H; g+ H, G0 c. y wchar_t *wsName = 0;, ~3 G. l( i# L+ f
VARIANT vValue;% Y* g2 j1 Y/ N3 P( y p
VariantInit(&vValue);
6 u5 v! z7 Z6 M3 u* Q: G SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);6 |( { b* S% |, ?
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
% B% U& G" J2 D, M1 w% H5 L" U- b: E8 { HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);6 O+ M: T v ?/ T
SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)+ T4 d4 e2 Y# B' O+ G
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AnsiString s;5 H* ~% e/ R% |1 J1 H
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;) t+ u: X0 n( `9 J
if(v.IsArray())
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9 o& ]) d2 S$ q# u" K: L+ U8 c for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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# Y* a/ \3 o+ S7 F" { Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
/ H6 u6 G- Y( E6 e( O7 X& @ if(!s.IsEmpty())2 m* g2 j( O( q: K
s+=", ";
% |& g/ h0 N3 e9 J: S: B s+=VarToStr(a);% p! b# E. c4 J% y8 a9 e9 W
}
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else
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( ?5 L3 {- o, |2 u. F+ z- } s = VarToStr(v);
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! K" `$ Z/ F. e$ F4 w& e: `" D. v; E lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);+ G* S7 t0 |" w+ X* r0 u
SysFreeString(wsName);, [" E7 ]( V' Q0 n: K% @8 f
}
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);' s1 A/ U" r- G* a# e$ U
iEnumIdx++;5 U8 X7 ]4 n" c" R% j% E% l
}
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0 Y! C6 H$ T v5 R( T if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();- F, w: i. ` L1 s: _* h
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();5 o) i( j% U4 [# u7 U
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();/ f0 C! p! ^* M Y3 f
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------7 J! y8 m. @% \2 I7 e. F
9 h& F. _5 \, B, ^4 `// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:' M* A( N8 P3 F3 l1 {9 F8 B
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)& _2 k3 o9 X. q; H5 r+ f
{
5 E& M: L* d* n1 c Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
( |3 k6 F5 U. q) {, A9 F" i GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");! [( W4 L/ v+ u
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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3 q* m8 s5 X c2 T3 H$ QWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
0 I% B; D- P# k$ A8 X Win32_1394Controller A9 L) z' a2 F. k
Win32_BaseBoard
8 ~1 z) K' x; _" D* \ Win32_Battery
1 Z' @! e% s* m$ J2 S2 X Win32_BIOS
8 x6 ], I+ c: ?$ O% u0 A* J$ m Win32_Bus
- M" X, N% h6 A, ] Win32_CacheMemory( Y. o A& O8 Q% r P
Win32_CDROMDrive5 O' ^2 ^1 n& z! h; g3 e
Win32_CurrentProbe% z# H) H# B! C+ i4 v; q
Win32_DesktopMonitor
7 g6 Q; b( U3 N' L8 o4 Y Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress$ Z6 F! w$ f, w# Y k4 A8 r
Win32_DiskDrive
/ L; h& u+ l: I! d/ c Win32_DisplayConfiguration5 O7 W3 a, T- C
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration ~/ q+ |& a* ] H) F) t
Win32_DMAChannel$ c: k/ y" e `3 e
Win32_Fan9 }, y, Q7 E6 g/ C& B
Win32_FloppyController
# o( g3 P" Q9 c' w# O; g Win32_FloppyDrive5 L- J5 a) H0 m
Win32_HeatPipe
+ V! s4 n; [1 Y Win32_IDEController
) K2 }9 Q7 L" @% X: D6 L Win32_InfraredDevice
" F* l8 \+ h+ u @& }) P8 q1 ` Win32_IRQResource
& n9 {0 l7 E, d* b! I' y5 i3 q0 i Win32_Keyboard' M: v2 |# H- l' K2 |6 K
Win32_MemoryArray
/ N+ w8 F$ Q. r/ i u/ L Win32_MemoryDevice0 q; S% I$ n; K% _) |
Win32_MotherboardDevice! R6 C; `8 k0 u, m. ]& t
Win32_NetworkAdapter# v4 |6 c" l+ V/ S2 q D
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
9 n- j: o ^2 O8 @: y+ U$ N, i3 D+ o Win32_OnBoardDevice4 S( ~. a0 m- a
Win32_ParallelPort
1 f/ B- @% ?, f" ~( t* S1 M Win32_PCMCIAController
+ D9 ~6 _) y( D# a6 l9 i! [$ r d% _4 l Win32_PhysicalMemory% E% G7 t7 }# R7 g& }+ A
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
6 c6 {, K5 B6 L* ?5 a, h Win32_PnPEntity. H/ W% o! d/ e( ], d ]
Win32_PointingDevice
2 x; G4 ]! }5 C Win32_PortableBattery
! @$ j( V# f1 e) Z Win32_PortConnector! O D R7 B, B& O0 T
Win32_PortResource
7 s b \$ g3 {0 ] Win32_POTSModem" m' u/ s) k9 Y ]" X- c7 B
Win32_PowerManagementEvent5 J, I$ t; J* u
Win32_Printer a6 l) I4 d1 W
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
) q! @* a' ?9 H2 V, Z Win32_PrintJob- ? u, k- w. P" N m2 ], B
Win32_Processor m2 R1 f, M$ u& B U
Win32_Refrigeration
6 `# t% B! l* p0 Z/ N! Y Win32_SerialPort
/ N) \" ~+ k5 p7 M Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
+ ^# p0 y( Z8 \ Win32_SMBIOSMemory
( ]2 k/ v! @ k7 w" a) K W Win32_SoundDevice
' L! B3 `6 n# f& p/ C Win32_SystemEnclosure$ l4 g! Z1 Z$ B* H+ n5 A6 w
Win32_SystemMemoryResource8 l7 g* }" u6 [3 x# ~
Win32_SystemSlot
! u0 U4 p7 F- a& x \ Win32_TapeDrive6 v2 O; O: ]$ \& N
Win32_TemperatureProbe0 x! L% r5 C: ~ G
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
) U, S* k0 H# ]4 U3 \0 n$ h Win32_USBController
" f2 P3 b, p( U2 l/ s* i Win32_VideoConfiguration
: ]9 \2 ~2 `) w9 {/ \ l Win32_VideoController
. W- L( w0 E- q" M Win32_VoltageProbe8 d! [5 ?+ [. ~2 z, f) q0 n
3 Q# L: }/ P& e, T' f d以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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