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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
4 S6 l) K3 L8 f% ]1 `' p 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 & a6 W- ~0 X. x6 L+ V5 n( q
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。$ v. w5 Y: U2 v! }/ d
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面, w- b' V/ m3 M M( X5 o
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% a7 t; I, q3 H8 J: c① 初始化 COM 接口:
9 E; x3 P6 E( F) Z2 X6 _1 @* g 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。1 u$ j3 {2 _9 _2 z0 @+ D( `
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。 Z( o+ Y4 }6 X/ y' y/ c
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:% k p$ U; m8 q" o+ b* u. ^5 Y
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
' Q7 U# t2 M* k7 [- M 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。; d; E- [+ v7 f/ o
% b9 f" x: n4 V③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
0 d/ u4 n) i* { 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)8 T! |4 d- N3 s, V" L2 c
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
$ b& S! y6 p) P# s8 T if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)' B7 I9 d3 E6 P2 M
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
5 h5 I% y) i* z; M* K8 | WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");0 }# _) q" j" H' T
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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/ r* L, x& g: E! ^ IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
- a% R/ _7 l3 `, w: ], m( z t' G! ~+ D WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
2 }+ V5 ~1 V9 \% k8 s* Y if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK). A8 d: v& M. e3 P( g) v3 V4 n/ [
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;6 `$ I6 S- ^, P7 c9 ~; A$ ~
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;) Q$ O- ^* q, i1 E+ y
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK). S1 F: j2 n! @# c- _/ N; D
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int iEnumIdx = 0;
8 p7 y1 h2 w1 ~ while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)% O, ~7 q4 n ~. @0 e
{
6 C2 n, Q2 T4 F; A lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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* g& q% Y; H! b$ i- X6 t* n" f9 h1 ~ SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
: e7 z% ^( B' s$ R) a if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)5 U$ {5 D2 ^- C/ A A+ |
{
/ q: t. e$ _) H1 R) J long vbl, vbu;
4 l; x/ a7 m3 g; }! i7 Z! q$ m SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
( u+ a) X* U# e SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
6 H! O- ~1 _% Y: V: b for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)" W0 V/ c7 Z, o+ c
{
; g q, ^5 i1 Y' i long aidx = idx;6 H7 K! O, W, j) i
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
& E4 f. t& y# o$ _, u; x; X- B0 R VARIANT vValue;( }9 h, G- }% X3 K8 v9 S1 ?
VariantInit(&vValue);
& S( T `0 }0 v' V; M2 c9 O+ a SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
- ?0 Y& T/ Q+ m6 O( K( B HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);. n' Q7 _* I$ L9 O4 r
SysFreeString(bs);
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# p) }" X- X8 _ if(hRes == S_OK)& t: M+ k+ _ s% `
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AnsiString s;( G- d3 W1 g! b0 |- S0 {* M: Q
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
9 V8 N c- o: J) e! f if(v.IsArray())
K( O3 q0 }7 i; x/ b. l) G {
6 k2 O t' l7 R% Q! {9 }! \' ~) V for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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1 \" }5 {" [. o$ F' [- [ Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
" G) w$ l6 {0 V8 g# L0 t6 K; }5 M if(!s.IsEmpty())
! F2 c* T! i2 x" u% W/ z s+=", ";
$ z+ K! K& [ \/ \, _2 i0 ]0 E; k s+=VarToStr(a);$ }( E" `; T/ B
}
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5 w. [ D$ d# G6 F- w7 m s = VarToStr(v);$ ?, U7 t' z3 D3 E
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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, {' r( D- v! }& J9 @9 j3 x VariantClear(&vValue);1 V' j$ k" p- L$ X& P) f
SysFreeString(wsName);
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}
% y% a4 H& e: N% J* Y+ q6 z if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);$ P& h& ^ g; M
iEnumIdx++;7 ?+ X& p: h. R# b# m; q
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();# F8 E0 K( e" h+ ^
}
8 O+ i8 b# D/ ~3 }! |( u$ b% x# y! z if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();$ @; O7 N7 {4 G& F
}
0 ~" q k3 ^: [& d8 a if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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* ^ o0 g# Y& @1 C/ g3 R// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
4 [6 k+ o% H; U3 Y* `. ]void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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1 G! s4 v0 A e0 `, T$ |5 s2 t Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");+ c3 q7 f! S o/ Y) F# C
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");: {' \( F& Y, w3 M! H3 b
Memo1->Lines->Add("");6 n) L/ y/ j" F
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:. l1 [# W; [; p1 R) G
Win32_1394Controller
5 v7 n. q9 V) {1 s" i4 i Win32_BaseBoard
: D/ x; k. l9 i6 ?+ T- B Win32_Battery9 m' y0 O; Z9 s
Win32_BIOS+ T( `+ L4 B9 d$ S2 n
Win32_Bus5 q# }# n+ T/ z! ]+ S9 i; Q/ ~
Win32_CacheMemory# x; B4 i1 L) Y& b
Win32_CDROMDrive
+ t6 n& u# k4 Q3 O9 j: ]& i R Win32_CurrentProbe
$ N) b! J* I) Z1 n Win32_DesktopMonitor; t5 d" w: S' Y8 s# p' K/ r9 b
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress1 l; ]/ V5 D1 M& f% Z0 n7 Y+ N
Win32_DiskDrive
. q, V3 f2 V1 m Win32_DisplayConfiguration O5 h2 Z: b% r( k4 l% f
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration) C6 o! u. W \+ }1 m( O
Win32_DMAChannel8 i% z/ F3 m. }
Win32_Fan" q# m0 E" C1 C/ w6 a
Win32_FloppyController
" j+ C. T/ x6 i) X& J7 x Win32_FloppyDrive
2 ]" e$ K; w+ y3 E Win32_HeatPipe* y" U# U7 ]4 p1 E- ]# Q
Win32_IDEController
: v# B4 E+ Z: |7 b+ ` Win32_InfraredDevice
& J1 J" H7 ~8 w( T1 \ Win32_IRQResource6 B* `8 m L, r( T2 b- d% W w
Win32_Keyboard
% p5 u1 p; n& ~+ V+ r: C; Y; o* O; B' a Win32_MemoryArray; |0 N/ \$ q. r. T
Win32_MemoryDevice# g9 q+ ~. \! L) R/ l
Win32_MotherboardDevice9 N( F, x) l! J8 t' ~
Win32_NetworkAdapter
* [. M) n& {' _% h3 x6 ` Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration/ o4 k) K# P+ c& G8 D9 F* o* |
Win32_OnBoardDevice
& j0 e+ M9 [" c a' ?0 L, E2 o Win32_ParallelPort
' U. V+ F0 n) `. { Win32_PCMCIAController
; r. P* G' F u# C u2 I0 M Win32_PhysicalMemory
- k+ o; l6 U ^; x& T/ w9 Q Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
G" S: P* [4 X' \0 t Win32_PnPEntity
$ O$ ]/ b N. ~, U7 D' w6 ? Win32_PointingDevice9 U$ \+ O- r, `; Y
Win32_PortableBattery
* s- g9 Y" N0 @) `% O Win32_PortConnector
: |+ ^- H% S/ Q7 D Win32_PortResource
3 M$ f0 k. b" n3 ` Win32_POTSModem% j/ n6 t6 l2 n7 P* A1 o/ q
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
1 n- U1 M; O1 v& s Win32_Printer
4 Q- I7 j; H1 i x Win32_PrinterConfiguration" F7 u* W+ X& _1 g
Win32_PrintJob
' E& D7 q% n# V+ r+ f5 O+ W Win32_Processor2 s' k9 Z& B* t! N6 Y! m
Win32_Refrigeration
5 I+ v; U/ F' n1 f- i Win32_SerialPort
3 E3 `/ S* X) s6 n Win32_SerialPortConfiguration' c* t0 E& a; J. }
Win32_SMBIOSMemory& m* n$ |$ u# V! N$ n0 l' Z6 a
Win32_SoundDevice0 @) T3 s. E, P5 s' v6 e% y' I: k6 O
Win32_SystemEnclosure
1 C8 y3 ~* ^$ o/ }. P; e4 j Win32_SystemMemoryResource$ d9 Y: Y, K- W4 n5 N
Win32_SystemSlot0 m6 \. u$ E9 P' G9 @- o- [3 L) Y
Win32_TapeDrive
& u. ?' K& x ~0 D+ P) o; B! o9 O/ J Win32_TemperatureProbe4 ~3 M4 Q& b3 H3 d2 A6 A
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
2 w& _+ j% {% q& e; M Win32_USBController
" o# @: Z3 q3 q4 k; E Win32_VideoConfiguration6 r8 G1 `- P$ \& ?" B. q5 X1 z
Win32_VideoController& t% m! z" ^& ~% u* a# P8 [
Win32_VoltageProbe( w/ N* l, R- f0 \& u$ _ d3 }- c2 t9 X4 d9 Q
& o2 `( o1 I+ O( A+ _8 P以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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