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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)- y$ H' N2 p7 T! p- _7 P
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) a5 [5 J) J0 f/ a! t: y- pWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
% _; T1 J& d; K( s6 X 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
) _* }% N4 E; D" | 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。# O1 H2 b+ C3 E( J5 {3 ^" r
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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. y( X; y$ v4 r0 N- bBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面( C s- j8 m$ a2 J! Z
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7 j k: ~3 v+ K1 \/ a8 {① 初始化 COM 接口:
; H$ X+ M6 Z' W9 l 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
@. L/ d8 O' A9 Q 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:" j p- g. A0 ?) |* j
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
( G8 X4 _9 w- H. d# a% w0 _ 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。" ^" z4 o X, C0 }3 {" P2 V
1 E& C# z$ A+ n u" P5 H$ D. `③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
( J6 D& Q d/ r) j$ Z3 R) c, L 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)/ Z. _) l1 c( _2 M! p
{
) A2 x/ { _5 [! H1 x5 Z IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
" ~! E' D# Z7 Z9 H3 f* N if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
1 j1 {0 T M' W WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");( j) ~# L# c- }1 l" G+ ~
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
]2 Y7 _& }. Q WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
. R0 a/ _' T# C S if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
$ n& h, ^4 e% `* H, f {
- l; L" U5 L' b: p% t IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;: e. n0 a% C$ r1 J/ ^6 z
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
8 x; w9 d2 D5 T+ J if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;
+ W! B [5 n6 Z# G while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");: }" X# s% A1 q
: l6 T) J8 u. z) r SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;" `5 C/ h/ l/ [
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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% {8 g) F% m* \7 |) k8 m3 H long vbl, vbu;
1 r5 N% o$ U% @5 ^4 h% _ SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);7 F7 j0 i. r: h- Q
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);0 S: t' p j+ C. J
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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9 X% z W" j1 P' @* C/ l ~8 `7 | long aidx = idx;/ e( `9 }8 B/ U6 v* y
wchar_t *wsName = 0;; S6 l3 ?9 k2 N0 C9 h
VARIANT vValue;0 \3 J# h4 J: b( ]8 l
VariantInit(&vValue);5 `) M m; X- c- N1 Y- s* z+ G
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);: t7 K4 Y0 J6 m9 M" D* Q, v
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
: P/ O6 u- \0 a( S6 s+ j6 Y! s4 e HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
' V* p! c6 S5 G( ^, ^2 A% P9 j/ E SysFreeString(bs);5 N) P% V/ s, K p0 _+ }
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if(hRes == S_OK)5 W, d; x0 Z; m) c. ^3 Y
{
8 C0 U* H5 u/ W* i( r: w3 k AnsiString s;
& x, ^: T7 _8 a" L- B* R0 _ Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
2 ^8 R/ ~# h' V if(v.IsArray())8 `7 E/ Y% d* q8 Q( r2 I' {
{
3 ~. d7 t4 {& _3 C/ T% Z( y& Y$ X for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++) L/ T) L% h/ y6 o
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);9 W- o( \- J+ t2 T4 R; {
if(!s.IsEmpty())
. o. d. z: a u# y& N s+=", ";
+ o0 ~5 M1 R0 v% A% I3 ] s+=VarToStr(a);% n" O7 [9 D* t8 a1 C5 a; ?
}
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else. Z9 n6 v1 H2 {; x7 y( d
{
6 {8 r1 r* }3 u s = VarToStr(v);
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% s; t6 D: j. J. l) x) ?' a* I+ c# K lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);* s& W; P( |8 H6 W3 O7 }6 x
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. m8 H y3 D- u8 V" S VariantClear(&vValue);% O ~3 Z$ G8 Y3 F, f
SysFreeString(wsName);9 M1 f. C4 f8 ~6 ~
}
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);: a3 @' l1 v H- @( y5 \2 X
iEnumIdx++;4 v, A# q; T7 q/ \% V
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();! m/ B0 R1 ?+ ]1 @) H4 }8 z
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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) ?; a7 _" N* r, a O! x& @; o( E if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------% P) e( b+ A! ~4 b ~
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");: p0 A% }5 P+ A/ \& U
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
$ e( @. P9 w' h7 u5 i! g Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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( m+ H7 I$ A' Q e0 D9 QWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:4 `* ^- b' a h1 y: d, Z, B1 x2 O7 n
Win32_1394Controller
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Win32_Battery
: s& t1 U: b9 Y4 a& U2 h( I Win32_BIOS
, H% k+ c( w5 D8 r Win32_Bus% Y, c- S* J6 E: C, A7 \
Win32_CacheMemory
7 S$ s6 g/ r* Z% S" C; j Win32_CDROMDrive1 ^+ @7 m3 l% {6 C& {4 p
Win32_CurrentProbe3 c, ^- @( |7 w" P
Win32_DesktopMonitor4 B# P) _- a: t4 S
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
% k! u& w2 |. T2 a8 N Win32_DiskDrive
1 D" U' |% L) Q. { Win32_DisplayConfiguration& w4 \4 n# j2 b1 W3 W9 O
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration- r. y) h/ L# \: b7 O; G
Win32_DMAChannel! C) t6 |0 @. j9 x5 n6 I+ p) ^
Win32_Fan" @5 O- v0 N* t+ T
Win32_FloppyController
5 ]4 C( K9 B# S; L: c9 B Win32_FloppyDrive& w: L/ q5 L. }" d( K
Win32_HeatPipe) e) N0 S7 ~: u1 B! r0 d
Win32_IDEController
9 ~+ V8 G8 p+ `# P$ Y7 q8 S" r Win32_InfraredDevice
3 P% }4 v) g; ~! Q Win32_IRQResource0 h: y a2 g, O. X
Win32_Keyboard
: c9 |% f) }4 b- x' u4 \0 F+ c7 o Win32_MemoryArray1 V x3 m" m5 v6 H. H8 R" J1 t* Y
Win32_MemoryDevice
; x0 A F2 y5 |8 S Win32_MotherboardDevice
% V& o o' E u( m Win32_NetworkAdapter
f; p |. e% Q( f/ Q$ \6 Q Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration) u3 g2 }7 W7 k
Win32_OnBoardDevice. N% \1 R4 X. Y# S
Win32_ParallelPort
' q' k# m8 d2 P) f, p5 k A Win32_PCMCIAController* e' g0 i2 } I% j/ W
Win32_PhysicalMemory
3 f0 d# z9 Z3 C3 `/ j Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
c+ V9 \4 B6 L: ` Win32_PnPEntity
7 ]! e7 s+ M" h, t Win32_PointingDevice
& o+ A. |* Y0 C3 y5 L' X6 t Win32_PortableBattery
9 B. u$ f& O1 {% | Win32_PortConnector
# p8 A7 w3 F) A1 R& F r Win32_PortResource( k$ k5 C J3 v |6 [, ]
Win32_POTSModem
( j9 p. F. I& t% Y# O Win32_PowerManagementEvent
3 b: X; e- g4 }$ Q Win32_Printer
8 |- [ s f8 K4 q Win32_PrinterConfiguration
& U! i7 p; B- `7 T0 s p Win32_PrintJob. M2 z& |% g. O
Win32_Processor$ J L3 p3 E8 ^, A2 Q. n
Win32_Refrigeration! M7 u9 ? w3 B/ R! x% r, t
Win32_SerialPort. A0 Z8 |' S7 Z
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
# A" v4 r, u$ C" f0 p+ u Win32_SMBIOSMemory
( m1 X b8 e! Y' h1 O3 G Win32_SoundDevice
0 P( q. v* C8 z0 a B Win32_SystemEnclosure1 V0 a. r+ E8 g2 m. [
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
) ]- _1 Q: r* S) P X Win32_SystemSlot
: \: ?6 q; t$ Q0 ~1 I2 X Win32_TapeDrive8 s. c4 I% w n. m. ^
Win32_TemperatureProbe
- `6 \3 h5 d' q5 P. @, F W$ | Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
6 N4 B2 l( Q9 X! N Win32_USBController7 G6 d% u: s H6 P1 V9 f) l( e
Win32_VideoConfiguration
2 z: N5 X! `3 H) k- _8 w2 B& q Win32_VideoController
5 u: x; y1 x5 U: n6 M3 L Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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