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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)# w5 ~# Z2 y2 ~/ h
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具), m- Q4 ^/ e, i) Z6 r
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
" c( o: h# T* c2 \ 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。. f: F |& T) C+ m7 e
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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9 u' n- t8 l, H5 hBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面8 H9 Y f7 s. }7 X4 b% B+ \! Q4 c
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& o3 Q7 E F* U① 初始化 COM 接口:( k& H- O& a) w5 P, K# E+ j
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
Z. J$ f+ b6 W O9 o9 K) S$ t 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
" f* {* q( x, z; T! O1 ` CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
, R8 ]* D% M4 L2 u0 o 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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0 c! J9 }5 x, N2 \2 K③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:3 L9 D" n% t+ M2 y
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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5 m, w( v3 j7 d: Kvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
& w" F1 }7 |0 L if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL; {- W: T# f5 E0 T* W; k k. h4 o- H
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
& M: v' S% w4 ]+ a! V/ b if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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: R: w4 S- s) K/ Q7 X IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;; O% y& P e. f* n
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;% B/ y5 V0 ?5 M2 u @3 X
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)- [. F% R7 ~5 J$ T, a# s, y3 d
{
- {( a2 h3 O" E. S# O/ H, T" L/ U5 q IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
8 n" U% A% J! Z6 w1 P! y/ b: H ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;* j8 ]) d8 [1 b/ N8 C# [6 \. N
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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, b( H" N- d3 j1 n ]" E6 ]4 r' n: v int iEnumIdx = 0;! K8 R) l$ D. K: h
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;% E! E$ s- S- l. D5 [
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)4 g$ \1 e0 N" \7 Y6 S% \
{
0 Q/ X' c9 ?, F- @3 h2 c7 [ long vbl, vbu;0 ?& y3 U4 n7 C( v
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
# j8 D. Q8 a" o2 @& W$ e SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
( }% {0 H( v# P+ K for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)6 D2 `& ~$ P F- ~) Q
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long aidx = idx;
_$ [' ^ B" j) {# Y wchar_t *wsName = 0;
9 s+ @+ s, W& ]# \ VARIANT vValue;
* W. m/ L9 m* p( h4 S( i' Y VariantInit(&vValue);
. S" q. S$ _- ]. B# W SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);6 R+ T' T; R, O8 _6 b# X0 t
! }7 p/ |) i) U' p BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);& _) ?6 j1 }) h
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
) t) Y+ y' I* a" Z, R; q SysFreeString(bs);
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, g/ W5 q# {0 ]% G: E5 l& } if(hRes == S_OK)& Q7 l0 {2 q* B* n
{
7 t9 U1 b5 Q. D AnsiString s;( q" y/ T5 F' k" }, ^4 h6 y% i
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
# F0 S S9 ?5 O i# o1 L( { if(v.IsArray())
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- J5 e/ }; \4 K7 Q for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++): g( {$ V8 b5 F- U8 ?
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);8 U4 e5 w" y4 L0 y4 c. o1 H
if(!s.IsEmpty())
" k5 k( K: B t3 Y/ e: c, g s+=", ";
$ m) N$ V* u9 b+ H! f8 h3 y0 n9 p& x s+=VarToStr(a);
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else2 \+ ~" R9 |: z; N G9 E, j5 \
{
3 O4 g6 ^$ g" n0 L) j9 D s = VarToStr(v);8 }' ^( _7 Z8 R7 o8 O: i
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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VariantClear(&vValue);. D; |) `" q" |! h0 v; _" `; Y& U
SysFreeString(wsName);) r7 R7 b/ L3 D8 O: [5 o& {3 E$ i
}
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
& Z* M4 l" B: S: v5 \, w iEnumIdx++;
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" w% H I; v( k8 A if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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( C6 a" B8 y% n6 \$ i& { if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();8 u3 J, g7 C7 } l& ]
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();; }2 B4 X6 X. f, J
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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3 t2 `$ q% y) v& _4 N// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:5 W3 H/ }* K* I- D; I! Q
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)3 B! b" I0 ]: y6 w
{
, d. b2 Y$ J% F. u Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
" F" F" B* }% b4 G3 U8 z& v GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
7 R. `$ k [1 L) c Memo1->Lines->Add("");. q, X p: S- ]0 ?4 M J7 K
}
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# Z9 ^4 l; i& iWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:0 W. T1 `. n/ X3 Q) F. c0 l2 T
Win32_1394Controller
( S; z5 w$ D; ?. A( R2 t Win32_BaseBoard* r }% h) ]; q3 l, S8 z
Win32_Battery
# ]" A) }. a( L Win32_BIOS
* \' y$ D: { x- k* \/ Q. S Win32_Bus
1 `1 Z" g3 B. a* m, A! r8 l U Win32_CacheMemory
6 d) t; y" o4 N. l7 T Win32_CDROMDrive; U( B d5 _$ ~4 t7 {- r
Win32_CurrentProbe; p- B4 G4 `& N% N+ X+ G5 j
Win32_DesktopMonitor
9 v* j1 h# _0 N+ [ Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress$ E& S; ]3 I% Y5 X$ e# l L
Win32_DiskDrive* Y6 W0 p% `' c4 y9 `
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
# A. i$ h6 w) v: o! k Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
" x* D5 Y/ Y$ q W* b5 H Win32_DMAChannel
+ x& L% X& J6 c1 _9 w c* h Win32_Fan
5 D1 _' r/ ?0 [% f Win32_FloppyController
8 g" X* Q" M6 {4 f4 }0 G Win32_FloppyDrive( e* q5 k! ~) r/ a
Win32_HeatPipe" F; n H. K% T F' D+ G, q
Win32_IDEController
+ |9 i) \% h$ M! f$ b O$ [9 ] Win32_InfraredDevice
- f/ f) a( n, J+ x* S9 v Win32_IRQResource0 X7 v$ z( _+ K% D& R8 S+ v) q5 u
Win32_Keyboard- B ~! S" E) i2 T1 e' X
Win32_MemoryArray
. M$ H6 h$ W. k. N4 @ Win32_MemoryDevice3 d) T, \% o1 r' z
Win32_MotherboardDevice
8 @+ y" Q8 @ o7 O Win32_NetworkAdapter. w. y+ y) Z7 S6 _$ k' N8 q
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration+ t8 B) L+ ~1 {! s: y: w% h
Win32_OnBoardDevice& c# a% l6 r1 x ^5 ]
Win32_ParallelPort4 z4 L( ^) t$ E, r4 c! l9 {. Z
Win32_PCMCIAController
0 D2 L8 x4 O/ k' L Win32_PhysicalMemory
" b$ n t# Y0 p, T Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
& p. B- R8 s* D Win32_PnPEntity2 Z0 y; _. s, U; w# \. H: s' [' N
Win32_PointingDevice9 N3 a. Z/ T3 P/ N; h+ T4 D
Win32_PortableBattery
: u4 `' e- X: l Win32_PortConnector+ t7 ~( p5 h8 W h- _/ O
Win32_PortResource1 y3 k& ?% Q2 c' I8 e$ R ?
Win32_POTSModem6 b5 u. U; e( W" Y- b" k
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
# H; Z& s0 N; v9 @4 R3 b h( m( t Win32_Printer/ T# u; V) e+ P
Win32_PrinterConfiguration! `! Q: d+ j- T7 S1 A, }# y5 Q
Win32_PrintJob
! m$ |: S4 g, Q }- V Win32_Processor! \7 e7 h4 x' B2 V }. j" l( S
Win32_Refrigeration: @' f; A7 S( x- F' U* }
Win32_SerialPort
: u5 X, T- n ~ Win32_SerialPortConfiguration, J! v% F& `* \" Q* c8 I, F
Win32_SMBIOSMemory& D/ s7 ~9 n3 H* d" c; t4 A$ e
Win32_SoundDevice+ h n/ @% y2 Y9 j7 y: e
Win32_SystemEnclosure
% r& g# Y8 W3 l* }" l Win32_SystemMemoryResource8 o6 c% u1 a A9 k0 z
Win32_SystemSlot4 C" y5 c' f; d. E: ], s, Q* x
Win32_TapeDrive% c3 N5 U. u3 I& D5 i/ J" B8 [ w
Win32_TemperatureProbe" a8 \+ R5 O- s( ~
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
; U3 |2 J" P; k& p& r! S8 S) D Win32_USBController% O ^' L2 a: f! ?, U5 I
Win32_VideoConfiguration E) I+ l4 D, v7 K' _6 ]4 X
Win32_VideoController
1 f; Y! C# i0 a, f7 ] Win32_VoltageProbe
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) x# g( Q1 z8 \' z- h/ b以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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