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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)- ] v+ K5 o8 y: a$ F8 ]
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)- H7 b1 Z% R2 A/ P
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
( z4 ?* C' `- x( Z+ k# W% ^ }4 ^ 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。- W7 C6 i- k# g- ?* n
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 ' n$ S2 y% r b d7 z- f
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5 t- u5 J" e! `( Q. A- z$ x" pBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面2 p9 h2 Q% y- S. ^) C2 ~
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) ?, I- `; S. S Y9 P① 初始化 COM 接口:
! L! b. f2 N! l' s9 ^4 z! ]) H& F 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。/ w- B0 Z9 i' |/ k E
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。' f$ E% R1 n' @, r
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:( k( e; V5 V8 r, G0 c5 n1 m
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
6 X; j6 o0 y1 `. e- j 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
6 P! V4 h6 n" A- i! P 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。; r6 _& ]# p- f* V3 Y. n
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;% U8 x: p" Z* v, J! w) J
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)4 J( Q) R% M$ z
{
$ Z, ]; D" f6 V" X IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
6 S) l. k' A8 `! b4 ] WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
$ Q' V1 a% w9 i t( o x if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)% V/ d4 S/ w% s
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;' u# B- \* m/ ?% |6 E" F- i1 ^
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass; w" w% Y, [* E, E" D
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)' V; I; S6 k* R! m$ q! u ~( Y
{
: C$ g) v+ H6 t/ a' P IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
) s0 T2 I/ p- R. d2 H ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;; B7 L: t6 ]. B
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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5 J% m8 K( E+ s2 g, ]7 G2 Y _ int iEnumIdx = 0;' e4 g$ q6 @3 i4 \
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)" T- o* J8 ]) d$ [. M
{
2 q1 C: C/ {/ @" A lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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/ |+ s" `- z: N4 s; e" ~1 {# [ SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;8 e( w# Z y0 V7 x
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;! m* Y; N" E+ j3 p- O2 k
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
K" K/ J* S( a" R4 S0 |% O# x SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);' o# ]5 t1 h9 ?+ ?' Q, l+ Q
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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0 @3 N7 }8 C* u" U0 a; }9 P+ N" X. b long aidx = idx;" X# u! M- z Y8 O: h1 l7 D
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
6 A9 W6 ^0 z' Q9 b. b VARIANT vValue;
3 E! u! y) H& u% O VariantInit(&vValue);
' q0 r: [8 Z; [ SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
+ W( e6 \' y1 | HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);8 G! z3 o; r1 P; W6 a
SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)
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9 ?7 [1 O! l. d4 p4 F; ^: v AnsiString s;
+ w% ^+ t y8 ]5 a0 p# D Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
$ _/ J, Y7 Y3 b8 B% A if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)" i% T; B( H4 q0 [ ?) b
{
+ z2 i' b( P. G) G/ o9 _' s0 D Variant a = v.GetElement(i);" b% A: Y3 E3 B: W2 a7 t% ~0 g- C
if(!s.IsEmpty())8 u% Z; s& |! t/ w) R% r8 t, I* o
s+=", ";
: s5 w @+ o/ F% \7 N7 G( v" a s+=VarToStr(a);+ ~: ]) H7 k2 ?& v. |( B& Z
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else
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6 b8 w/ d6 o9 i3 d F& s i# Z6 H s = VarToStr(v); |9 g/ E# W: C2 {" b8 i
}
. Z$ Y- h" j* d; a lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);5 N0 Q: M j% H9 N
}
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VariantClear(&vValue);! o( I, u( ?# W% @* ^" p
SysFreeString(wsName);
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! p W; S+ n+ b: d( C if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);4 S, ^% B t) C8 X- g& u" u+ T+ {
iEnumIdx++;1 i# m: E" K# j9 S
}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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9 e/ R# |8 [# R( f& H if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release(); t9 ?$ a5 s1 i" Y; c8 K6 d
}
" O$ f5 A8 q. K$ t( { if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
E: N8 r( C: Z* N3 `void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)2 `, d2 O, ^& l
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");6 i4 ?% d2 ?0 U+ A4 D2 }" ~
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");( K' [7 L7 Y" @+ y. n( c) Z+ K& J
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
7 l; A5 b, l+ P% h% O6 y Win32_1394Controller
d* N* ~; r9 z; Z4 W Win32_BaseBoard; _, Z, S* ~9 ~5 ]- i' v9 }* S& k" I
Win32_Battery
, V2 s1 Y" W; } Win32_BIOS9 R# m; U) K! F! F
Win32_Bus: X" a; L# s- t! w& C
Win32_CacheMemory
2 I/ K! z* D( }) f9 c Win32_CDROMDrive
2 u/ {4 J/ d) L5 n6 b Win32_CurrentProbe- w& a& g- J4 ~) B9 Z0 q1 ^
Win32_DesktopMonitor A( z4 M$ b, _6 [2 S1 l- [; t
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress) g" z8 h/ E3 ~2 L9 _/ u) h
Win32_DiskDrive+ N, x. ?- x$ y$ H( }
Win32_DisplayConfiguration6 S- m6 O) [# N' Y
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
4 O0 U- d7 b' Q% W Win32_DMAChannel; v3 i- B! p( D$ z ~
Win32_Fan
9 ?& @/ B! I: q2 |7 _ Win32_FloppyController
" h" g9 y0 S1 a- r# v+ E. b2 M: L, r Win32_FloppyDrive
. H2 y$ ^# x* h8 F) S! Q* u Win32_HeatPipe( |" q. v( ?. m( _
Win32_IDEController
, O2 z# c8 d8 k Win32_InfraredDevice
8 a+ `* l0 q# G! } Win32_IRQResource
& g6 I: |8 v& k! v |( z, u9 A Win32_Keyboard, n* e% d3 h. _
Win32_MemoryArray# |8 s2 W' U9 Y' \8 W, A+ `
Win32_MemoryDevice m, G8 B+ e0 o: j; c! ^
Win32_MotherboardDevice0 |; D* d8 @" F# e
Win32_NetworkAdapter
- E6 t" W0 t) T! o8 j" w Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration9 `2 Y. U$ {/ G j. O
Win32_OnBoardDevice
8 Z9 I0 e$ ?* L- [ Win32_ParallelPort: ]& _- A# y5 R4 X* `
Win32_PCMCIAController' r$ W) T; A$ g5 w: n
Win32_PhysicalMemory
$ k3 c0 K( |3 k2 p# T4 @ ]; w Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray" K# J$ I" O. d$ a" l
Win32_PnPEntity
5 f& @7 ^' Y9 e8 P3 n0 r# g7 _ Win32_PointingDevice; U ]9 S& ~/ h" Q0 W
Win32_PortableBattery
1 g4 L E4 c _6 R Win32_PortConnector3 N T2 _2 H+ V
Win32_PortResource) c5 ^8 R) `2 J+ I7 M9 o, M
Win32_POTSModem
( w. o5 q& u7 v Win32_PowerManagementEvent: O, g9 m8 }' ?; i. k6 ]# ]$ d
Win32_Printer
q/ z* o C6 o Win32_PrinterConfiguration+ C$ E+ [4 s& S* B5 d
Win32_PrintJob
& b$ H* Y& G7 h Win32_Processor
/ u( M- d8 o3 W# A* O Win32_Refrigeration. K% C" ?0 ^9 Y7 t# v3 U4 W( s
Win32_SerialPort/ l: N/ h4 i& h
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration+ j; w# [' r1 V% F
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
7 N+ M" ~2 [$ j6 S. i, V Win32_SoundDevice9 Y: k1 N( j( y# `$ G" H
Win32_SystemEnclosure* J( ^; v2 \7 U6 _% C4 j# X2 S
Win32_SystemMemoryResource9 F1 v W7 W9 g: d
Win32_SystemSlot; l( [% R S0 N$ A2 y4 N6 f
Win32_TapeDrive$ z7 F" f) p3 ], o4 @1 _# w1 U
Win32_TemperatureProbe5 h" O: ~6 E$ s/ n2 E! A5 y
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
, x2 h& d: Z4 J( d Win32_USBController
0 u' ] t, j; w Win32_VideoConfiguration* A" Q1 C2 J6 n- [" l' z. n; i
Win32_VideoController
- I: J/ Y9 ~9 g/ L Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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