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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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9 X$ o6 e! w2 ~3 ]; V4 gWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)& ] Z1 \4 a& v5 g- n8 b; a
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
. T, e/ \3 z2 k& d! i- a1 v% S 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。7 m' O% l* e( O/ f" E. `$ f3 c' a& B
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 * }; V; S i* l1 F; k. q
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7 I8 u& ?* o/ Y% WBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面1 J4 ]9 q$ n/ o3 Y
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① 初始化 COM 接口:5 H9 M' k# U4 d5 m" X9 n
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。: w+ W% w! @/ r- _; ?" r- ~6 _
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。. ^6 _3 f; k6 R* B" x1 {* h
2 R0 P0 o1 v/ {! E2 U0 ~② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
3 T+ g9 c: C' @- t7 e. }/ i1 ~ CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);* m7 ^" D C" |& x
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
( ]: E; {* @: h5 U0 \& P7 S/ x2 q 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
* \7 U, G Y6 k5 {# r3 V" b if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
1 @+ X0 w* c: O! D WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
2 S) s N$ v) m6 i if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)& r9 L7 B# g" t) `6 c
{
0 b2 Y! _ f ?* i IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
8 t% o$ J" V; e" f WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
1 H' p, p2 D8 Q$ Q if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)2 U0 w2 s8 }# r6 X% q; q- s
{
f5 r$ Y% N- X IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
2 Y4 J {/ O! c- i& ^ ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;( m- U$ L5 C% s* k% f( V! M* W
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)/ L7 z& x1 i+ K
{
" N9 c! Y! P& @, `1 Y; }: u int iEnumIdx = 0;
6 v3 y- {1 }" W [" ~( ? while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)' m0 f# ]( u7 G3 h' W1 p4 }& F! E
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;: d# V/ u) ~+ u, r2 P' w0 j
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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E* S5 E' U: v; }) @* z! Q long vbl, vbu;" e& D! D' q! x8 V/ q5 H9 H
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
9 X- _. c J& }1 n, }% I SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
3 t% S( y) A- z+ ] e% _ for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)" Y( l$ Q4 `" z4 S2 i2 O& T
{
6 B* @; t# x3 O) ~4 o) B& y long aidx = idx;/ p/ ^9 m& j$ r3 R: F! R6 ]* b) K
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
9 W* } S/ s3 }: Y F VARIANT vValue;0 w$ J4 K4 r$ g! m
VariantInit(&vValue); b$ D _" E0 A# i# }9 O! G1 l
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);7 B2 k1 s9 r+ E6 e: [1 E
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
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if(hRes == S_OK)5 j6 y$ w4 n9 P5 g5 F
{
7 J/ u( F- h" n- d AnsiString s;" l7 p, d+ ]4 Z7 W1 d' K7 M
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)5 V) I* g. y0 Y* a" [4 L* D
{
; @5 o ^' h! z2 e Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
# r; q/ b3 u% S B0 \ if(!s.IsEmpty())% o1 T0 p* u4 a3 H
s+=", ";: E! N/ o' X$ e- a
s+=VarToStr(a);1 e6 y0 ]9 z& R' m, d
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else
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% l: ~" a, v9 w0 { s = VarToStr(v);9 V$ L, }/ D) M' y8 X" J* i
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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" B8 x! W# z' R3 c VariantClear(&vValue);$ K( a+ V4 y+ r1 m( Y) n
SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames); J* g, E8 m; T" |% c- X
iEnumIdx++;8 W% e$ a. {' }
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}
* o$ l+ S0 i/ w7 m if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();# }1 ^# Z3 P1 @) h
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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) m7 k, s& U/ g1 X& S# X& z( k& H if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();' H- o$ S& E5 V$ |# G
}
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& \. A# o! O# O/ a; ~% h/ _ }$ l// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:0 a6 v/ h% i% Q5 {* a# ~7 x5 y
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
J! K6 W. P$ ]% E1 W3 n: q0 y- _; O GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
$ h9 l" ]: X0 P. k0 F Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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* c! B: N* p- FWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:0 k3 t# _( k6 W, D( P
Win32_1394Controller
1 ~+ i6 A( G4 s5 v2 U# R# x0 o Win32_BaseBoard
$ k5 v0 W( ]1 t* g Win32_Battery
1 B. R" u0 }8 x( D" r7 V1 s' j' c Win32_BIOS
. R2 j; W$ H, F; b! ~* b Win32_Bus: E {# C" m5 W2 b$ x0 f: i
Win32_CacheMemory
% w: }2 E6 W; b2 W, K Win32_CDROMDrive! T. E. x8 p6 w) Z9 E
Win32_CurrentProbe3 j3 D q# I# ]: B, d
Win32_DesktopMonitor
$ U0 n B: v( i4 g Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress6 Y% X4 O* d0 e+ C* S6 z3 @
Win32_DiskDrive L0 [7 n, W; {! _( ^, A
Win32_DisplayConfiguration8 S0 |) }) f0 W- ~ s. j3 e
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
) s" g- f; |6 j; r Win32_DMAChannel9 s+ e6 {0 U+ f( \) X
Win32_Fan/ j r" g, k' h: F- [# a
Win32_FloppyController
& }9 g! v5 A6 L) m" {4 f Win32_FloppyDrive
1 _2 q7 t( A V9 v' y: t Win32_HeatPipe
' H/ u; v9 {2 ~& W4 K% ^, _2 X ~ Win32_IDEController
; `+ M; z/ @/ Z( i0 d$ u, T Win32_InfraredDevice
+ d- Q1 h7 R7 _" T' o# z& ?# w j Win32_IRQResource
" s6 b# N$ H9 W. x! M4 d/ e Win32_Keyboard3 U/ q3 g s j. B: l- P7 ~
Win32_MemoryArray
% B+ A1 u3 G$ q7 L8 l Win32_MemoryDevice
" a/ v6 `' f' E Win32_MotherboardDevice
; A) `2 L6 J4 @" N$ T Win32_NetworkAdapter
- W' F) o f9 c+ W% T% _+ g Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration, I% D) o, r( l3 T% C) @2 h7 h+ E
Win32_OnBoardDevice
~7 } K7 U& H$ e! H" B* s Win32_ParallelPort% t( z' w6 G/ X0 {: N
Win32_PCMCIAController% T% u* E8 P* W( C; Y8 @
Win32_PhysicalMemory
7 M! R0 R! @* z" g% l3 r! _ Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray8 [( n4 r6 w& b# \7 j1 `" s) i
Win32_PnPEntity( X7 ~- q9 u0 \$ a& G
Win32_PointingDevice
/ n8 {+ o# U i* W Win32_PortableBattery+ [9 l, w/ o( M( n' p3 M
Win32_PortConnector
! Q3 d" b7 ^, e Win32_PortResource* ]1 O4 N+ ?* K# L0 e) @7 K/ B
Win32_POTSModem& e. |: ~, J1 C9 a
Win32_PowerManagementEvent m# r0 n% V/ [" T9 p: S
Win32_Printer6 A( o. \& r; @8 ^& t
Win32_PrinterConfiguration1 v& ?( E* Y( }. o" B
Win32_PrintJob
4 o) h3 J1 V- T4 B! A) Y Win32_Processor. |2 v$ y: o" B3 s3 p/ ^) _
Win32_Refrigeration
: G( k( R5 J* u# R" N( p: A+ t% i Win32_SerialPort; w; H$ o2 @9 W5 `
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration; t' G2 I& ^& y1 `* e, z
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
5 V; y5 ?7 H+ `1 X3 P Win32_SoundDevice, Q8 E( E0 G& x% ~3 z+ G
Win32_SystemEnclosure: N; j6 x# V2 R+ X1 ^
Win32_SystemMemoryResource: }7 w. f) q9 g& P. h- s. l& S) |
Win32_SystemSlot# o6 l7 V! k" I) w
Win32_TapeDrive
7 e6 y0 \' t* O Win32_TemperatureProbe
, {5 ]' {5 W+ L( U* H; P4 ? Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply' \& v. k( Z0 u" m& H
Win32_USBController, Q" q+ f" {3 ]* n! Y2 m
Win32_VideoConfiguration3 o, n9 g0 Z2 i3 r# W3 _6 j
Win32_VideoController+ R. S7 b9 {) N+ C# s( y* Q
Win32_VoltageProbe8 F& a9 X* b7 _1 k- E, q7 k% A
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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