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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)# |( ?( N* M# c K E$ v
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
0 m" @6 [( r( K' g3 h 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
+ P4 ?. {: D: M 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
% B; N" e/ o+ ` 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 ; ]9 E) K; m# o& j
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1 q3 v1 g$ y& g! l; f S: A/ w BBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面) s. ~0 i5 w/ Z/ n& T F, Z+ J- p
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① 初始化 COM 接口:( U: i3 c& z3 t& t3 E
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
. T! C2 w! o. V7 O% V" f 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:7 `6 u* n- v: b' z* e# y
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);* L5 u+ c k/ S- Y: c, z+ A F+ C
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。3 K! Z$ c2 Y/ Z
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
6 M8 e" O' P$ ^1 `( s ^( T8 J6 j 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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. V6 B8 }9 B* ^1 ?2 }: d1 c, Uvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
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% L3 o { X' v IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
/ t' l" r# _/ R1 B% p if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK), k5 |" h" _4 J5 I# z1 e
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;' ~+ p- I3 s- Y4 i2 } H/ V3 @
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
( R$ b6 y3 N# ^# b if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)! K. H4 q3 w8 S3 V6 t( m C) b
{
8 q3 ?& R; \) H IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
- k( m5 V G+ [4 s, G8 L; l WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;* x( l( n- @ V5 C0 O' P7 y
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
. q5 d- Z) N& e! ] ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
3 w; w- c+ E- L6 s1 ?$ w if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)5 y; P* Q* g: X3 G
{
e; r# T' u3 Y, W$ G' t int iEnumIdx = 0;
9 Q- z; L4 t5 T& z2 {3 K$ y while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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, A6 b4 e' d1 n; d y lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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3 U5 k8 ?8 x( y9 R, M0 E SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;: @ s9 e: u5 B: l
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)" m$ L/ X& X1 ]% V7 t
{
+ c* x. Y$ h' O- Z" |3 v" Y long vbl, vbu;7 A6 J) `/ T1 |8 y. x6 F2 x
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);' w- A; {- k0 ]5 y
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
- X, S9 W2 ^( z3 Q% U" t3 h for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;' U" @$ A0 Y$ x) _' I- {/ @
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
: Q/ S+ [( @3 i VARIANT vValue;
6 m) b6 ? S p! ` f1 @5 J: v6 |( { VariantInit(&vValue);
7 H s O+ T) j" [' G SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);& q( z3 T" b8 y$ G" W
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);4 i' s; ~) D- c0 f) x9 K. D. w. R
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);. f4 R: O0 W# N ~( d! m+ ?
SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK). t6 W. D" V5 L+ i |9 U
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AnsiString s;& o) q6 G" y7 T. Z; h
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
( ^9 w# R6 @/ Z5 O if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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1 `8 m1 A+ o# j& t) _. K. u Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
7 F& K# t# i# f. |' w if(!s.IsEmpty())
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s+=VarToStr(a);
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; ]. h Q h4 r: F6 w else
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8 v) w. Q Q9 T% z& N, R s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);4 v% c S* }+ w: g- x/ Z
}
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VariantClear(&vValue);
- ]8 X% Z* X" f. Y) J. D8 U9 | SysFreeString(wsName);0 \1 O) o. s+ H$ W+ t3 Y2 _ k
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}
6 m* Z. J+ N# f4 j4 ]( N if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
! |6 q9 l" E3 K# k iEnumIdx++;
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}
! f2 y) H, M6 U$ _ if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();: g9 h5 A( T5 O8 V
}
5 E Y& E+ S# k8 W" C [ if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();% c; }/ Q! y" K) ?( x
}
, x; ?' d. W2 x- K; W if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();3 a! |6 q0 R/ ?0 Y+ B
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();. C7 X4 j' E; c, z7 d' l7 x, t
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------; k1 v1 ?# X' i: m3 Z1 L
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
" R, i( |8 S t$ Ivoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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) F! A9 o! Y/ S [% V; Q7 L* \7 Z! l Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
, }( _1 u2 m% b$ h# j GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
) W4 `: D( ^% o, l5 W) ^4 X: w Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
- r5 C- W. O( f6 Z( v Win32_1394Controller4 ?3 q( b* q: D5 z2 k$ ^0 U U. V C7 C
Win32_BaseBoard* e$ i3 j R1 e/ p
Win32_Battery
0 K/ {- m9 t, q' A' C/ G5 a- R Win32_BIOS
/ X% J3 Y1 b$ b) g. T Win32_Bus! ^' y( X6 J' O f' i0 k/ m* G
Win32_CacheMemory1 s/ U5 |6 C1 ]6 I$ V) g5 \" K* D
Win32_CDROMDrive& ^- z3 a# U' L& f" A
Win32_CurrentProbe1 _8 R: B; G+ I* u
Win32_DesktopMonitor
# J" ?- ?" r1 t Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
0 _ ~/ V4 c' o7 B4 U5 Q0 p Win32_DiskDrive( M7 n- N! L4 P' W+ M# s
Win32_DisplayConfiguration8 O# n- q" T5 X* v/ L
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
$ u' d7 C9 z0 ? B9 Q Win32_DMAChannel
6 d) [# M8 {- q; Q& i Win32_Fan
- C0 n/ P/ I: j! k$ Q Win32_FloppyController9 v A3 D' N# f$ y( r# a
Win32_FloppyDrive) r/ I" t4 w: y, }5 `2 p9 h
Win32_HeatPipe
4 e F; d, U, d9 n3 ~6 k Win32_IDEController
5 W/ C) _. h& k2 f% ]! A Win32_InfraredDevice' T7 P/ c; ?/ X9 L8 g- }
Win32_IRQResource1 L# M" \* e$ Z- s
Win32_Keyboard
8 N8 ^1 A4 q$ [# F" \ Win32_MemoryArray* [! e7 R/ _4 [" v7 Q w: n
Win32_MemoryDevice2 M }4 V& x0 H9 p4 W5 B+ B
Win32_MotherboardDevice4 Z4 f0 ]6 I8 X
Win32_NetworkAdapter6 N/ {/ o2 w" k) b
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
! K% [* b5 m: n v+ S Win32_OnBoardDevice
4 ?5 P/ ]" H$ V% Y" x Win32_ParallelPort
. T, {- z d& K# E; y; F Win32_PCMCIAController7 j7 g* s1 U# E
Win32_PhysicalMemory. A& I" g% o# u1 G. h
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray& N! a; P; M+ K* r2 ^
Win32_PnPEntity7 I% q2 J9 F8 N+ a& ^( {$ N
Win32_PointingDevice
* a: [6 r1 }' Z% D N Win32_PortableBattery
0 _* S# \4 h Z& z7 ]# |7 k Win32_PortConnector* f! G0 u4 o Y+ v- |8 z$ e
Win32_PortResource
7 j, v2 b% k0 `, V9 ^- n6 P4 y Win32_POTSModem; `) q6 G3 A- H9 t
Win32_PowerManagementEvent- k! R' F. k! Q. C; U! N+ ]. _
Win32_Printer
5 |" @: ]. F$ ^: N- r9 @: Q5 m( f5 G Win32_PrinterConfiguration# Z8 Y7 I! O7 ?: \8 R
Win32_PrintJob
; K8 ~ N5 u9 @3 W7 E6 F { Win32_Processor( \$ F* @- V$ T
Win32_Refrigeration
5 V* {+ ~3 q0 M, E7 E( \' K0 P% ^ Win32_SerialPort+ V1 ?- s, I. e9 R8 |2 k1 O
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration4 W4 t1 `% l( _: f- E3 [. ?
Win32_SMBIOSMemory2 I9 [ C+ z" }( x# X5 \
Win32_SoundDevice6 h0 ]; u& a% S6 E) T
Win32_SystemEnclosure P5 K1 a6 G) K- I
Win32_SystemMemoryResource4 E* ~5 C& z1 A8 p- ?
Win32_SystemSlot
) s( d" K( y, j% D7 \5 _1 ~+ K Win32_TapeDrive
: c) z" y6 }- W. U' O Win32_TemperatureProbe
. m3 @. d9 ^* X0 S/ F( R Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
/ @" @, O$ q' _2 }- F, n! G( m' ` Win32_USBController
2 D5 N9 r7 U) P% @( f5 w Win32_VideoConfiguration
' b. X% s9 x' ^+ y- b$ b Win32_VideoController* V& Y$ ?9 j, D4 H
Win32_VoltageProbe; s4 i) W+ g! `) x
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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