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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
- `$ O: C7 G: | 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
5 j* }2 ^2 I* s& R% ^& w 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
! i" R7 D& F8 H4 D! R% \" }* ^9 m( e 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面9 o6 ~- `5 ^/ |3 \# {
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① 初始化 COM 接口:
; [( I: q- @" A! L1 y. U 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
* E1 P& Q7 M- \( e; Z4 C 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。1 U r; @( j1 R( M1 l; |2 h$ f6 l' }
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:. A& g; T: f, N7 H
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
' P& M( F3 @7 F5 b' l q' e 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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0 | N+ o. X+ X1 C# c# t5 ]8 z③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
0 l+ W- ~- d$ s' P+ [4 V 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。) F( ^0 \0 e# f% r7 S% J
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)6 @* G2 q8 i8 g" S% W9 a! V1 M9 I6 Y
{
' g; C$ z- y$ o/ _5 Q IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
1 h1 j$ M! T) L- k if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
: ^6 ?4 Q" Y/ | x8 ? WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");* o8 H2 c5 ^: L; q9 A$ L7 U
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)9 ]1 k$ q Y1 s- D; u' C' \
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
3 e9 @- X0 b8 u; j7 w2 r WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
7 M# o6 j( f. p5 x7 D if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
_7 T2 W# f: i( ] ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
) U, u# [- _ }. v; c" t if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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/ v$ k# l. F4 L$ x int iEnumIdx = 0;# |8 Z& s" D! A$ Y2 Q% \9 j
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK); g+ n% Y% }; t& L
{
% z5 x, m. U0 @4 X lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");! N. s/ A2 l, o( c" s2 w: L
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;( k4 V) L0 |/ z1 J) l0 s
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;
" w; ?' I/ M# K, v, i L6 e6 { SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
& T* _9 N$ n3 w- ]) l$ R SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);! c- y8 |9 ]* P' P3 d
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;, A G; {! {3 p, M) F0 t
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
1 d' J4 M0 E& _5 \+ ~ VARIANT vValue;+ r. z) c0 W" u+ y+ L
VariantInit(&vValue);$ R$ B& M6 i6 Y2 `% g' `- v+ q! x
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);- e) P) n9 K7 Z* Q
, S8 d/ w& s" e( C f BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);: `. y% F/ ^+ h# Q7 k t x
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
: {5 N8 N: G/ C% ] q& X" `" V SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)
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: u/ x( [+ O- d) B; ]. e) c" { AnsiString s;
, r$ X) j& M" r& ] Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
+ R1 i6 s7 P# u if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)3 A5 d7 b, r% V: k* v- r8 Q, n
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);& w4 `; ^! b4 q( N* |- P
if(!s.IsEmpty())
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s+=VarToStr(a);
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" g4 q/ C+ l+ j! P else
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s = VarToStr(v);9 V/ R( I4 y3 X& D4 n- S4 E& ^: ?
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);& g6 k& c$ u. b: |( ]: k( S
}
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VariantClear(&vValue);
+ Q" H0 b+ o& M( }- D) p9 y SysFreeString(wsName);; F$ E' j) O4 T7 K
}; L! F& P! i" |2 s/ ?
}
0 q' R3 f: x E# E if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);2 d( H: M" ]9 G
iEnumIdx++;
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();- @! y3 T9 X) h/ R8 ]
}
2 W3 b! P! l2 F& s2 e1 ^ if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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2 w: e! D* m ? if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------; C7 X& v0 H; e- z# M% u
- Q% A" Y' Z' [( B7 s// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:, R& S& ^/ Q$ Q }
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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; R( h* B3 t u q6 l Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");0 q0 ], y+ d/ x- A! {/ Q
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
/ d4 k1 N# l& b2 _9 z3 e Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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* Q3 N5 o9 y9 u& e; z7 sWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:8 c7 _- N% Y8 `6 x
Win32_1394Controller
c2 e2 ]9 ~3 z( F( f* `5 I9 G Win32_BaseBoard' i& E }4 ^& k" v
Win32_Battery% ^: t% J1 a6 @/ Z
Win32_BIOS* \* V' E+ |' A9 o
Win32_Bus
x0 D6 ]& v6 K Win32_CacheMemory+ C9 E! Y. e7 W
Win32_CDROMDrive
- S: y$ ?3 I# \% v5 Y! E Win32_CurrentProbe
7 |+ Q% Z" W# c" v% ^6 u- b* W; {1 K Win32_DesktopMonitor
7 j3 w9 t8 z7 V' Y; H0 h) ~; }: U) S Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
" {% [% a/ \+ ~* m Win32_DiskDrive
) [" ?" M8 j" t Win32_DisplayConfiguration9 O/ a% O/ N( @" H
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
: R# t O1 p! d- B2 }' F Win32_DMAChannel! v Z( h# l6 Q/ p
Win32_Fan2 h {2 \ g; k0 U) y
Win32_FloppyController! h& O# Q }; h. Q$ B
Win32_FloppyDrive* l& V+ c! V6 Y4 e2 D
Win32_HeatPipe1 M- E/ ]0 [# j; C- x
Win32_IDEController3 l* ?- M- O( U! }
Win32_InfraredDevice1 T0 y6 ^! I4 ?# @1 t
Win32_IRQResource
% q; B2 {7 Z/ ^1 F Win32_Keyboard+ G0 B$ e# c$ u( O+ T3 Q" {
Win32_MemoryArray5 R* [0 Y0 I9 n
Win32_MemoryDevice
% D. u1 K9 v. w% L Win32_MotherboardDevice
: z) p+ w/ C9 H9 G2 d5 h Win32_NetworkAdapter
9 U/ U0 g3 e) s. }9 D' v* \ Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration! q- R5 S0 e/ q$ [4 ?- F# D. I
Win32_OnBoardDevice$ `* F9 d8 `& v+ K8 B* B" {; y1 O/ E
Win32_ParallelPort- L6 m. h n0 U# Q) d$ k4 q- [
Win32_PCMCIAController
2 m7 ~$ C9 {5 e8 z Win32_PhysicalMemory
3 W7 S/ ^! N N0 c6 c Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray( F7 n% u' X5 C s' g
Win32_PnPEntity
4 o3 s2 Q/ I# _' g* J Win32_PointingDevice
: E# B- _3 t2 r3 ^ Win32_PortableBattery# G0 a0 p. c- O4 c
Win32_PortConnector
( I) u' m; x# I% M* g2 _( ] Win32_PortResource
8 L# ^2 q9 q2 e5 k% x# u2 R; d6 U+ H Win32_POTSModem
1 q q/ {: l/ ]) e Win32_PowerManagementEvent
7 x4 N( }# G* a" K, m) H Win32_Printer
; W; k2 a$ ~ \4 ?7 l% t6 J Win32_PrinterConfiguration. Y/ m \3 K+ O
Win32_PrintJob
: y" n5 Q8 s) A) m0 ` y# C1 q Win32_Processor
; O: O/ Z0 B) a Win32_Refrigeration
, u4 k" v5 A! p$ T) F/ j! f# y Win32_SerialPort
1 R2 _" u g" k8 x4 b2 v Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
; Z8 M( k, o4 N* e8 \# _6 k Win32_SMBIOSMemory
- J0 O0 S& c, _/ r. p Win32_SoundDevice
9 E/ j# U: p+ |5 N2 J8 {8 \ Win32_SystemEnclosure
, Z9 Y5 l4 \; t* [6 z' ? Win32_SystemMemoryResource5 a3 y$ Z' Y; \" Y4 G
Win32_SystemSlot
7 ]: n. r' W6 [/ T6 @$ F Win32_TapeDrive
8 g/ T! k# v" E# ? Win32_TemperatureProbe' q- z" N, T% H
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
}$ H! E' B m$ {1 Q% A4 p Win32_USBController
: i% G2 E5 |8 J Win32_VideoConfiguration
8 h; T6 c8 L8 j% a Win32_VideoController4 J( z, H, n( C& m# _! J) Q7 L
Win32_VoltageProbe& n" q+ ]( @# V P
: o- g7 N( Y& d6 h) T) X1 F& ]/ E以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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