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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)$ {# A0 J3 N3 m1 [
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
! P P6 }8 _2 g9 n$ q: ` 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
- _' P! O% w8 X! C( J* y0 i4 Z 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。, Z0 e2 x! J/ H5 k( A4 K7 A
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 ! E" _; J0 p- K% L
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面7 _4 a1 F" r" O3 Z# O% t! c
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7 `" W' g+ M$ H8 A① 初始化 COM 接口:
1 Y1 ]* z. R8 J, a y% Y P5 [ 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。! F# }4 Y$ E% I' F# M$ W
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
B+ i+ E$ ^: N% M9 X2 L) u CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);' u( C+ S7 d- s7 L0 ]; I
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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6 q/ U% M! p- h③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
9 b9 k: X$ X$ N" |1 y 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass), c' E$ U& N8 L- B* d8 P
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;7 r% a: W& k0 R- A/ N, I2 h9 Q
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)4 k7 _( P' K; B- {: f! u9 A$ B/ x
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
2 H& ]5 U% L# d. x0 e- J7 F* [ WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
: F! D7 u% j# z% O, X, }4 P if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)$ N( Y! @2 Z: J: H& y/ |& B
{
$ ?' F' j0 V* U! e' J6 ~8 c IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
4 S9 r" Z. G | WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;% O1 H+ h6 r' L$ a8 Y, w1 r4 N. K
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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1 b/ E$ ~- w5 C: v9 R; ? IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;- |0 n; s: y- _0 N) v
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;' z2 P! z& u) s
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)$ m$ D7 G4 A/ Y# i a
{
) A H& T& ]# M4 u int iEnumIdx = 0;& _. ?& r6 e: H) t- N$ _8 y% X
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)9 m7 ]" D7 h0 J- A" p1 }
{
/ N! L/ Z9 j+ L7 }' F7 ^ lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");+ H' R5 y$ b- L w6 E; z1 G, o
* W2 H( I' ?4 h; g- y% n SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;& @& e/ N! V1 A% S1 U; V, C6 O. m
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)& |3 v1 ^3 H+ r) P1 |# l3 Q
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long vbl, vbu;
% O/ ~7 h2 I1 |+ d, t SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);) X) g0 k" P& Q7 R* t2 V
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);( @. ?4 R2 ~( x, v1 Q2 h
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)2 {9 w! S' C L+ l
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long aidx = idx;( x X4 M% V w" Q& {" N9 J! q. |8 F
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
5 A* d: L9 Y% W4 k6 b+ f VARIANT vValue;4 u# ] _, J* C: B) b# v; k N0 {
VariantInit(&vValue);8 r9 e, @: ^# f$ _; A/ h# N
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
5 x5 a. h9 R) n9 O: u HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
1 F, p3 o3 V- H/ v1 l SysFreeString(bs);
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" A6 f- N$ n1 W1 @8 P: C% X; ? if(hRes == S_OK)
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8 M1 l* x; T, P6 C5 H# C+ Y: Z AnsiString s;
q9 T' ]! d' P& L5 w2 A# W8 l% \ Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;0 l. Q. U/ A, n
if(v.IsArray())
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% h: T( W3 ~' m0 ?% W for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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6 ~% a1 L% |: b5 E Variant a = v.GetElement(i);4 `* ]1 W L/ v8 o
if(!s.IsEmpty())$ B- z. F( T" F: I, s
s+=", ";
5 H G6 q) i( q' ~+ `, s- n2 f s+=VarToStr(a);. J% n7 |; K0 C% s! Y
}
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s = VarToStr(v);
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: f8 l( y- |. Y lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);; {% f5 e% D% ]
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" x, L: t2 Y2 c VariantClear(&vValue);
2 o) H' B" S. {3 g* w7 `# d SysFreeString(wsName);
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7 Q. a$ |% l* W' y( u if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
" Z1 N' k' J4 P iEnumIdx++;! U8 }0 U! x4 u
}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();4 ?0 `' Q3 w; y- l4 S, R
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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7 R5 ^# v. J7 e7 J6 S" Q if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();7 A. O' T n1 }* Q3 r& T
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();( F/ [6 p6 P5 P; C
}
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:& C" B5 ]7 ?, h% p6 O- T; S( V* I
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
" c. b; D. G% y1 P GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
( g: P. P/ I/ R. M9 H! S* ?; B Memo1->Lines->Add("");, x, ]4 f8 }0 Q, S
}
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; ]0 E; f, f1 K! {0 OWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:6 v8 v$ W" P, Q- ?2 R/ w$ o
Win32_1394Controller
3 {: j+ o- s ~ Win32_BaseBoard
7 |9 M- R3 V: c! ], U( w) ]# ? Win32_Battery- P8 \! b8 ~. A* v: X
Win32_BIOS
, [; P6 L b7 m1 [& x4 M8 A" L" ^ Win32_Bus
, q& D7 y9 z6 M/ G Win32_CacheMemory
: @$ B2 S; N5 ]3 ?7 u2 t O/ t Win32_CDROMDrive7 x5 f4 k) w. q: S$ D# \
Win32_CurrentProbe
, ^+ [1 d8 x8 j7 {9 b Win32_DesktopMonitor7 J" ]" }) L2 f8 q' O$ d' P
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress* N* U) v+ v% N) {& j' |
Win32_DiskDrive7 a% v n6 F, N$ c* e8 u
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
2 F4 l5 f* i$ W) W: B M# p1 L Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
7 _$ |, q& b* ?: q; K: N |# K Win32_DMAChannel
1 Y: _8 Z) _: y0 {9 }7 j Win32_Fan' t) y5 K y5 [5 g8 z
Win32_FloppyController
! A5 F% r* G! }: @! c, @: E Win32_FloppyDrive, W4 U* i5 Z6 `1 o3 M
Win32_HeatPipe$ y' G4 q; p' r# X/ g$ p0 N+ \
Win32_IDEController
( @' V& s, O+ b9 x" I Win32_InfraredDevice8 d5 m0 I" G4 s" Y/ a; A
Win32_IRQResource1 F J, f6 m' l1 J: R7 G, I
Win32_Keyboard8 N$ ~2 R0 Y% o( k
Win32_MemoryArray
4 H0 s0 v" h* v Win32_MemoryDevice. |# j% }7 `" ^8 m
Win32_MotherboardDevice8 c _, j$ q& g
Win32_NetworkAdapter6 j9 a! h# o* K+ ]
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration( }- z3 Y7 e4 A% f2 H
Win32_OnBoardDevice% S) p; N" D; y7 e6 \' v' N* r
Win32_ParallelPort
, {4 ]2 W4 v( R Win32_PCMCIAController
8 a y! q4 R6 c/ w Win32_PhysicalMemory: v% f7 a6 K# Q4 {! O$ c q
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
0 B, r4 w+ H5 }/ ` ]0 J Win32_PnPEntity$ l- C) x, E P2 s1 d* D$ j
Win32_PointingDevice
+ L" D8 v4 f1 O+ j6 o+ E% q Win32_PortableBattery1 m3 _" T8 r9 }% Y
Win32_PortConnector
$ m2 X1 C$ T$ `2 Z( N( R Win32_PortResource
0 @& U) S: y+ J9 ?' c( [ Win32_POTSModem
N* N4 K4 A5 e( l! f" q Win32_PowerManagementEvent
! W1 L/ Z( y' Z4 ~3 k* ]7 o/ B Win32_Printer. ]6 J1 }) e5 i
Win32_PrinterConfiguration3 O4 V! c$ w, @# \
Win32_PrintJob+ U( B+ u( J, G4 h/ p, ?' ^5 p
Win32_Processor
p6 s* ?/ q' l; u* R, B9 C Win32_Refrigeration
/ z O7 f! Y. y" F3 |( T6 B Win32_SerialPort/ o: ]3 _# w1 J6 S \8 m
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
6 V% @# O& E' H9 j! C1 a Win32_SMBIOSMemory+ C# t0 O8 l/ U5 S5 O) B1 q
Win32_SoundDevice* v/ x$ g1 m* }1 Q2 I
Win32_SystemEnclosure
# ?# {7 y( P/ R U! `' y7 A- D: { Win32_SystemMemoryResource" p1 i' ~2 i( `% H; A) H3 |/ ?
Win32_SystemSlot6 T$ U* j. q6 }% i; b4 ]
Win32_TapeDrive6 b1 z' H0 H3 C+ H
Win32_TemperatureProbe
: b3 S5 C0 R' ?' \1 V/ f Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
- b* a& w9 a. ~1 }: K Win32_USBController
8 F8 ^$ _7 |+ J/ D2 f Win32_VideoConfiguration6 t/ a- f& t5 R9 z) x) ]; l
Win32_VideoController
) B! N' \) r- z% k# M Win32_VoltageProbe2 P' L l4 M: ?8 C1 l n
7 I/ ~6 C& a" U以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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