[收藏]VC++ 2005编译出程序在XP下执行出错的解决方法

天云上人

  　　这个问题主要出现在XP环境下运行由Visual C++2003/2005编译的MFC程序时，问题现象是XP运行此类程序时，报错"由于应用程序配置不正确,应用程序未能启动.重新安装应用程序可能会纠正这个问题"。这个问题似乎许多人遇见过。在CSDN和微软社区里面都有人提到，但是没有完整的解决方案。这个问题的解决一共会遇见2个子问题：
$ h% H& H4 ~4 c$ k, W　　最早出现这个错误我和许多人认为的一样，认为是缺乏DLL库文件导致.但是在测试机复制了DLL甚至安装了.net framework 2.0以后都无法解决问题，最后确认不是由缺乏DLL所致，因为程序是纯win32的应用程,非托管代码，所以也无需.net framework。
　　Visual C++2003/2005默认的MFC程序是使用动态MFC库(Use MFC in a Shared DLL)来链接的，而动态MFC库使用的是Multi-threaded DLL (/MD)。由于XP对于PE文件格式监测更加严格。就会导致部分使用多线程DLL的可执行文件在调用的时候出错。修改项目属性的编译开关：
6 w# M4 K( K6 o* M( kProject-&gtroperty->configuration Properties->C/C++->Code Generation->Runtime Library
% T+ g' i* H5 a2 ?( \9 z, i8 q
修改成Multi-threaded (/MT)

修改了Runtime类型以后

需要将MFC的编译类型也改成静态库：
Project-&gtroperty->configuration Properties->General->Use of MFC
修改成Use MFC in a Static Library

一部分情况下在这步就能解决问题
7 ~! A5 L" a' }! o另外一部分情况会遇见如下情况

编译器报错：
" L& `0 w7 A' Q8 J; z9 Y- W
CODE:
nafxcw.lib(afxmem.obj) : error LNK2005: "void * __cdecl operator new[](unsigned int)" (??_U@YAPAXI@Z) already defined in libcpmt.lib(newaop.obj)

( A# W7 |. z4 Y  T/ y/ l& ~, Q产生这个问题的原因是库依赖关系：
在Project-&gtroperty->configuration Properties->Linker->Command Line
$ W9 g3 W/ w! S0 |) |9 N加入编译开关/verbose:lib可以显示详细的库链接顺序

CODE:

; U0 y) D6 j9 o+ P- x8 c* m------ Build started: Project: PerfMonDemo, Configuration: Release Win32 ------
; ~4 J5 d! D& A6 k! m* iLinking...
Searching libraries
9 j5 b0 e3 Y: v4 {4 p* eSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
: K& }# \4 m! g+ kSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
0 ^0 ]5 P! X* d9 [2 {, [# A) |Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
& z4 e; Y5 j! i- KSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
5 c. k* I  y! Y  m: xnafxcw.lib(afxmem.obj) : error LNK2005: "void * __cdecl operator new[](unsigned int)" (??_U@YAPAXI@Z) already defined in libcpmt.lib(newaop.obj)
$ t1 n  ?( _! s3 qSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcmt.lib:
* d4 _- p/ V1 w5 A# CSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\kernel32.lib:
1 E6 M' x: Z, Z! x8 XSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\user32.lib:
1 b& G: }: A  q0 g( v$ o& SSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\gdi32.lib:
: z/ `8 `6 [. E1 Q; x; M% dSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\msimg32.lib:
6 r. u& C2 F4 H$ t3 b* D# ISearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comdlg32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\winspool.lib:
7 Q1 b" e) O8 [0 l0 U5 {! NSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\advapi32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shell32.lib:
* B& Z1 P) t& @9 ^Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comctl32.lib:
6 J+ h8 v* y2 S/ V9 z  g- YSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shlwapi.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\uuid.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oledlg.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ole32.lib:
, f% y7 l& g# s7 SSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleaut32.lib:
5 u" r7 i+ r) O: b6 sSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\urlmon.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\OLDNAMES.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\atls.lib:
' }+ ?, n- C! |) D0 tSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ws2_32.lib:
+ _1 @0 ~! h* K' y/ XSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\mswsock.lib:
* w" t3 S: w$ ?6 X* j4 SSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleacc.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
& e1 P2 S4 J2 D* S8 m* k, q6 kSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
4 b: D2 G4 R8 n% VSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
! l' E1 w0 [% ISearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcmt.lib:
8 p3 A1 R5 r4 T* f: o  t5 K8 |Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\kernel32.lib:
4 S! C% _- J6 u* V  J  t# QSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\user32.lib:
6 I7 E' @# A+ E& i7 F# f8 YSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\gdi32.lib:
! t6 H; B7 s% l# ySearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\msimg32.lib:
  e* I3 c, L- Y) ^Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comdlg32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\winspool.lib:
1 l. e- I" Y; J! [3 c7 u- \2 tSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\advapi32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shell32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comctl32.lib:
3 n7 T7 @0 N# d. t1 c, Z% t0 {Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shlwapi.lib:
8 }" y) {. p+ E" R* _Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\uuid.lib:
& B7 R: A' ~7 W$ P9 VSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oledlg.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ole32.lib:
4 b& d; h8 q, M& L5 S% uSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleaut32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\urlmon.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\OLDNAMES.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\atls.lib:
5 n5 f- p4 J: V5 a4 kSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ws2_32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\mswsock.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleacc.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
( w% K- s7 @4 a/ dSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
2 Z4 W/ z+ U/ N' G& ASearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
Finished searching libraries
9 ]3 u0 I) J- ]  F" s4 _% g( m7 PSearching libraries
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
7 d) X$ r( S9 ?6 R: O9 T- JSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
) \9 `+ k! N, Y1 h! `Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
+ l( j2 S& G0 ?5 V6 }Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcmt.lib:
1 w$ n# q* F9 a2 D: p$ j9 tSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\kernel32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\user32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\gdi32.lib:
! e+ U* f1 y8 ySearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\msimg32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comdlg32.lib:
, P8 D2 z  j8 iSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\winspool.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\advapi32.lib:
8 e' h) M( f) `8 L& @Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shell32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\comctl32.lib:
' X/ ~! I* ?" Z: N! V& b& PSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\shlwapi.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\uuid.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oledlg.lib:
7 a) M. T! o1 K8 d- RSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ole32.lib:
/ Q7 `" G% d  e0 d+ ]: V. S1 NSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleaut32.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\urlmon.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\OLDNAMES.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\atls.lib:
* O5 t9 l& o- w' qSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\ws2_32.lib:
& z7 T2 e9 V5 T& ?& O8 mSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\mswsock.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\oleacc.lib:
Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib\pdh.lib:
/ Q6 M* @$ z# o! y" {# ~( J7 ~Searching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\DelayImp.lib:
  B7 Y( W7 B! `6 q# \  D% w4 ZSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib\libcpmt.lib:
7 E( P) V( ~/ r7 j1 A1 e; lSearching d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\nafxcw.lib:
Finished searching libraries
: ^5 U* G% q% }9 ?! P.\Release/PerfMonDemo.exe : fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found
- A' }- u+ t, i" eBuild log was saved at "file://d:\Dev\Performance Monitor\Release\BuildLog.htm"
PerfMonDemo - 2 error(s), 0 warning(s)
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========

我们发现在libcpmt.lib声明过的operator new在nafxcw.lib中再次定义。
解决方法如下：
3 q2 f3 F2 f. I% tProject->Property->configuration Properties->Linker->Input->Additional Dependencies
加入
5 X0 V# z( I; v4 o% h# P9 |* |) M  inafxcw.lib
libcpmt.lib
- J0 l& G' x/ Q* wProject->Property->configuration Properties->Linker->Input->Ignore Specific Library
  D5 Q& ^: x! A1 ~% E8 R加入
nafxcw.lib
libcpmt.lib

9 y' ^: Q/ c. T2 @9 G+ b　　这样链接程序就不会先按照默认顺序来连接这两个库文件，而是在最后在加入对他们的引用.这样就避免了这个问题。下面是一张可能发生冲突的列表，若要使用此运行时库 请忽略这些库：

单线程：(libc.lib) libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
多线程：(libcmt.lib) libc.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
" {) o$ t* w, _+ ?1 \使用 DLL 的多线程：(msvcrt.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
2 ^$ u4 G/ O9 u, g+ }0 ~0 w调试单线程：(libcd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
& u7 |; h" t# h$ ?调试多线程：(libcmtd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、msvcrtd.lib
7 ^+ N1 o; R. D5 h+ k* e4 h使用 DLL 的调试多线程：(msvcrtd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib

天云上人

msdn里面有解决的办法，在重新部署c++程序里面有说明，建议采用以下两种方式来重新发布 Visual C++ DLL。首先，可以使用 Visual C++ 可再发行的合并模块，将 Visual C++ 程序集安装为共享的并行程序集。
  d' @$ b8 X. g" H! j或者，可以使用在 Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\Redist 目录中提供的文件，将特定的 Visual C++ 程序集安装为应用程序的私有程序集，
就是把Redist 目录中提供的文件的相应版本复制到应用程序目录。另外清单文件（.manifest）里面也可以看出是在哪个目录下搜索DLL文件。
0 F) s! q! i1 V& |楼主的方法容易误导初学者
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( conry 发表于 2006-11-11 17:33:00)