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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
* l1 f; O, P8 @2 J 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
' P/ G4 o$ Z# i" y 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
' m. e" b' |, f$ p, H8 D. T8 O 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 $ n# [, w, ]/ |6 H; D' E" |
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面& A$ I) W7 H5 m% t4 N3 w3 U
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6 j) Z! v' b/ z% `① 初始化 COM 接口:
3 i! [) m# i, v1 }, _8 I 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。; w/ Q- R+ g1 D% a* j
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。
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1 A8 K3 p: Z/ Y2 y! V( A6 ^( H② 获取访问 WMI 权限:2 j$ P" i$ b& [2 D
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);+ w u4 t+ @& M1 ~) j" A
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
% k' S! ^" Z! S9 f% [ 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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% F8 w6 ^: X. N& ]/ H8 |void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)4 @5 x- \+ c! ]1 c/ x
{
" P# J7 s% U, Q- }$ N: h) n6 b* y IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;( y) ?/ H9 t" K
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK) c7 a; u# }: {0 |" f& k% V
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL; n; T: Z' E! {' y$ d- Z
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");$ f: v5 L4 b0 Z7 c7 s7 X6 G
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)% ~! m7 x/ }2 P' Z& W! m% m
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
1 P5 s3 T* I8 N0 n @' e3 I5 ~ WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
& C0 u) Y* l0 @ O if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)2 h: d# T8 Z- Q% K6 A7 x
{
' p0 k9 m- i+ A0 Q D IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
+ [3 ?; m* x4 a6 A ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
5 o$ t5 V2 I9 m if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;8 A0 ]: k5 m# ^9 k, E
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)6 I4 B+ p$ G. q, h, k X
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;" m1 Z; Q6 j a" [9 V0 l3 M
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK) M8 Y4 v$ H; Z4 F1 E
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long vbl, vbu;
, _$ @; ?1 e5 K* `0 _ SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
2 V, u& v9 y0 _( W, K+ G) h SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);# h' m7 m K1 v
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)" M* n9 ?2 o) Z9 ]; y3 [
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long aidx = idx;
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VARIANT vValue; Z8 v7 R& T: H6 \" A- \3 P+ d
VariantInit(&vValue);
- h/ E+ x& [1 f# L9 h: D9 u. ` SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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- k* g4 U( ?) I8 \; f4 K1 T BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);! j, Q1 R. S& |9 m8 h" n3 u0 ?
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
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2 @3 p( Q. `) ^& g a0 R# @ if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;
) l2 L! F9 p* |2 S Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;/ @6 D. W) d, W4 b1 S7 T; g
if(v.IsArray())
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2 X: n, h0 k* K9 i7 o# G9 H5 u for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)+ }9 p4 p7 B( {; }8 @1 x, m7 H/ }
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
) u+ v3 ~% O' E" K# a3 H if(!s.IsEmpty()); `0 w" V0 t" s3 T, c3 @' Y
s+=", ";
7 e( n+ b+ ~9 O6 m0 T& o9 W" E s+=VarToStr(a);
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{
, v* m. Z+ ?4 I( _9 Y" ]2 t s = VarToStr(v);
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7 [6 r8 Z9 z2 I6 x' z5 c$ Y lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);9 z8 \: l3 ^; D. e0 e" T
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. X2 \ l$ m9 F( A VariantClear(&vValue);
- _) y2 u6 {3 g S8 U SysFreeString(wsName);
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& A1 F& j# O3 H- j if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames); M/ ~2 \9 K; O8 _& Y
iEnumIdx++;
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/ x6 W( p$ B4 ]1 J: f: l if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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7 `( ~" o& F! B& X% o4 Z, @ if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
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+ U3 C$ C2 o% r3 T Q if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
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" ~' B. S0 Z' b) n if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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* Y. V3 x+ e& G: L5 S9 f; \// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
& G d( [( m! n c GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
* M% t& E a2 G" J Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
! l0 `" c$ k/ u3 V5 J. d6 h+ | Win32_1394Controller# B+ e# I# W; r
Win32_BaseBoard
; g3 h" R- M! v. q; P0 u Win32_Battery
& A1 ~* _6 b2 i+ i) [- s Win32_BIOS
- v) t: n# l* b. Q* J* h3 ] Win32_Bus
$ \/ s7 l4 Y% [ Win32_CacheMemory
5 I* f7 X0 u. N9 R; Z+ V% S9 ] Win32_CDROMDrive
2 o# y, ?% w ?" C! r3 J& b Win32_CurrentProbe' H$ v) [8 P$ E% k
Win32_DesktopMonitor2 E- A5 u; s- f2 l9 \# p7 g
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress. Y# s/ E% r% v4 {* X7 ]
Win32_DiskDrive9 m: }0 ~/ G7 X. O, d3 H3 r- c E
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
! i% ]" o7 M( N+ }' b4 a Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
8 `. `5 x7 ]/ H. {, u ~4 p Win32_DMAChannel
9 L0 b* o: H2 c0 P Win32_Fan
% g0 e) O, p6 A. b Win32_FloppyController% s$ Y6 |( Q/ G: L. C/ j+ N
Win32_FloppyDrive
, x1 Q$ B( ^& r$ \ Win32_HeatPipe
1 {6 E* r# h! v5 j( J Win32_IDEController
+ U! P$ P8 z; _4 c Win32_InfraredDevice
9 g y1 |( O4 Z7 H* U `4 k7 v( H Win32_IRQResource# S( \3 w" I' o: u3 z f5 y, d- _
Win32_Keyboard
& ^) w; P% t K! g0 ` Win32_MemoryArray0 _8 k5 G9 j& v" m- }
Win32_MemoryDevice
2 y" Z& Y: H. E/ C/ H: Y5 i Win32_MotherboardDevice
# n; l" U+ Z. {% s7 [ Win32_NetworkAdapter
# @7 o S7 ^; \6 M G% b& s. h: r Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration" A) ^ l2 I7 V, a! T& z( I1 @
Win32_OnBoardDevice) a- O% R/ Z. M" \
Win32_ParallelPort2 f. o! `4 |0 z" z* }% l
Win32_PCMCIAController
0 l/ J; S8 S4 ~! q* t Win32_PhysicalMemory) y$ E$ M. y7 r C, }' W
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray' R+ e) B* l0 T
Win32_PnPEntity( ]+ X6 J) m1 Y: X- g" N
Win32_PointingDevice
e: V. y9 n0 o2 \) f Win32_PortableBattery. a( Q# T* t. ~0 X; w0 C
Win32_PortConnector& V* s1 J9 F8 W- D4 p
Win32_PortResource5 Q9 k* s! E) J9 G ]5 N6 X
Win32_POTSModem
' ?, J+ Q: ?5 y Win32_PowerManagementEvent
3 n. P& J0 J7 a5 h. j' x2 L; r Win32_Printer( o1 ~7 e2 |# B1 p
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
1 e0 K/ B) z' y3 N; j3 r5 h Win32_PrintJob
% g% r6 g' r, l5 F3 c Win32_Processor
) J& B9 a7 l; v7 A V! [ Win32_Refrigeration; t4 Y9 M+ O+ y) M8 l% s( P
Win32_SerialPort0 M" G, ]3 `* t- u8 o. a' T
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration1 g( I; U* y1 A) _6 Q
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
3 R6 B3 m! |& }: a: G- }; G Win32_SoundDevice
A! a' I. R8 H/ a4 S2 d+ X$ ] Win32_SystemEnclosure" A) C1 J3 O6 T* c: s p0 v0 w4 ?
Win32_SystemMemoryResource; w! Q4 H# o$ b! V/ }
Win32_SystemSlot
% i% f2 y+ q3 ^* g$ t; Y Win32_TapeDrive! x# d4 F% t. }- K- L4 ^$ j& Q" E+ \
Win32_TemperatureProbe3 C7 l! I: h9 G; A9 e
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply& Y! ]7 \/ v' r$ y: F7 B
Win32_USBController+ h- g# v6 T* `- s5 p
Win32_VideoConfiguration
e! E) W9 N) f: z9 v. c7 R$ X/ q' h Win32_VideoController h+ l: _) \+ t2 c. ?
Win32_VoltageProbe% ` t. u5 w2 }, A
- {# o0 U& c1 N x以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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