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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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( t1 S5 f- z6 m# W) i2 p. H$ V4 d! BWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
: \) S3 b. w! K; \ 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
4 R- \: A& @$ u z 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。' m6 L1 t/ @$ }: D$ T3 ?
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
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$ H. W/ T! T2 o1 Z① 初始化 COM 接口:
! s( l0 h9 G7 z 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。2 z8 i4 Y4 n1 t8 b, X I" \' @
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。7 P X: w4 P$ G A9 B2 H' h
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:; H7 A' t t9 q) w/ n! w
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
* h4 u4 \* U- G) n 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。' O; [3 Y7 `/ K5 z& B
+ M" n3 L: z* R. S, G8 O2 P③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:, @: V! _1 ~" M6 E' J
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)7 ?6 u$ V* P0 b* s& M+ v
{
* [ I$ l2 T7 l6 q& X3 C; I IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;6 L) K* l% i" _% a
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
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IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
A4 W: g7 e. B* A0 C' ?+ L: t WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
0 |# [6 m: l) G if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)- u. z$ P$ ]9 S4 g2 b& f
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IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
2 s) ]( q+ e8 q- h5 Q WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
- n6 Z/ _2 n8 m2 U4 @) ?) _ if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)# {1 V2 V" M8 u" N: E
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IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;1 n; b& F0 H# h* w% P- s- M2 W4 h
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;4 _' [$ P. I7 |4 r( C% @
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)- z/ B, l5 u' A2 ^# ^5 y
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int iEnumIdx = 0;) q! `7 F( Q2 b, D. Y n H
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)0 s) d- J$ B: v9 n/ g6 W
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");+ G" U9 A. ]$ c
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
2 K* F: i6 t4 i S8 b if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)" j( T1 @3 e) |# n6 u8 p( E
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long vbl, vbu;. M- M1 |8 Y6 r' i# ]; W& E
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
. ?. I y6 u8 \) O; t9 M+ u z; c SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
( C# o, R. D3 f; x for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;* B) |( P" P* t* x& w t
wchar_t *wsName = 0;+ {% M; R6 t! Y, g# z! P
VARIANT vValue;
! n2 x- _- D& N2 v VariantInit(&vValue);
" H2 h9 z/ q1 G4 h* t4 B2 ?- R SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);/ W$ N T2 I4 H; a5 X
. F' ?( Y/ h5 n& b$ `1 M4 W BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
, I0 Z" j) w7 w* h8 r- f/ M HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);: |! L7 P3 c" R2 p: C+ F
SysFreeString(bs);9 Q4 C8 u+ ?; y3 p$ N. _' U! ?! O
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if(hRes == S_OK)3 ~/ ]! h" x) K! g( k
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AnsiString s;- \6 T) X G6 E5 _
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
* A& k6 H- a! w6 S$ Q if(v.IsArray())- W F7 T: h5 s t7 Q8 v w
{
! }/ o* K9 {: E( ]$ ~- o( F, f) [ for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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; |, [% o8 Q/ e Variant a = v.GetElement(i);7 O$ m1 [3 E1 R. \
if(!s.IsEmpty())3 a9 _9 c d2 R
s+=", ";
. J+ F7 }( Y: U s+=VarToStr(a);
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else
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" q7 B. E$ T) J0 k1 E s = VarToStr(v);5 |7 j% s( o; h+ s Y7 Z1 ]& S
}
$ X" c# @) o4 L1 n+ u lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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^* y" M$ b! Y1 |" Q9 b VariantClear(&vValue);
8 d& J( Z0 N; h" @$ M SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);( A* j# S8 |% b% R
iEnumIdx++;- @ R& o7 N, G" y' G" t5 u
}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release(); P* b8 C9 N" ~
}
3 Y2 G X. z E if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();# b% b& D0 E2 p. v: l' P9 @9 X3 b
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();1 I# a) u# m0 o
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
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{
5 H+ O6 o% z# ]! b5 E' [ Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
* X( h W/ l- A GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
, ]: y0 j6 G6 J Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
+ A" `% w, j+ ]7 w8 d4 E- R Win32_1394Controller
( \2 o2 @0 S& x& i* n! j Win32_BaseBoard, q; p6 |' ~0 h9 J
Win32_Battery
2 a6 }' g, `- b5 n. r) L2 o Win32_BIOS
3 F8 o) H4 q6 R; G Win32_Bus
, v7 g5 y* \: P! t5 t3 `3 t Win32_CacheMemory# |. h0 t2 |4 ~$ |
Win32_CDROMDrive
2 J+ }) y5 {2 y: R9 S2 i- _* u2 q Win32_CurrentProbe
3 {+ N) u- W# Q Win32_DesktopMonitor2 ~& O5 ~ y. d/ g/ [ z
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
6 z4 l: P3 O& I# @ Win32_DiskDrive
; }- l+ z% S8 _ Win32_DisplayConfiguration
3 s2 p6 f, r7 T/ e! Y; y6 {4 _ Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration+ O" Q" r* G( t% b& u# S) b! X+ |
Win32_DMAChannel+ Y" p4 _4 _1 \! I. n) E4 [- D
Win32_Fan
. F1 P, _; k1 n# w. V) x Win32_FloppyController
1 _2 k& t; m* v1 ?( w( m Win32_FloppyDrive
& b8 [2 h) t8 h, @$ Y/ K( V Win32_HeatPipe
0 V3 ?- o8 s/ `7 j- k Win32_IDEController
k3 u. [* s7 V! N7 B Win32_InfraredDevice
9 v4 W2 e' f6 Q- K0 E$ ]& q Win32_IRQResource
- J8 T5 W. w8 l) t* P- J3 M4 U0 a! ? Win32_Keyboard3 w5 v8 e6 [/ |2 C/ o3 Z
Win32_MemoryArray& e1 M8 T$ q4 H D( ~$ Q, ~
Win32_MemoryDevice! @; b, h0 a! F7 Q0 d; K
Win32_MotherboardDevice' @( J5 i( V7 P& {- h. S# c2 O8 Q
Win32_NetworkAdapter& D4 K+ o1 ?/ d8 i3 v
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
/ T7 f+ s: @9 a/ U0 ]: M Win32_OnBoardDevice
- V6 z- ^8 G) {. i; z Win32_ParallelPort# T$ h6 c' E; V* w
Win32_PCMCIAController
9 J, l( \! i u; c5 q, A Win32_PhysicalMemory& {- s: q' H( d1 C; A7 f# K$ s
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
, M/ k, b& I8 I7 ^ Win32_PnPEntity
$ H3 x I9 R& d5 X G/ Y Win32_PointingDevice" V+ u9 E- V9 t) o& R7 V3 N8 |% R3 j
Win32_PortableBattery
& B5 A2 l2 D4 M/ `7 L Win32_PortConnector
4 f8 F$ J( j) Q* k Win32_PortResource, s: i* }' B8 g! U8 R
Win32_POTSModem6 X8 L; `* Y3 w U
Win32_PowerManagementEvent. ?6 y% j8 b4 L( K6 Q/ j8 F
Win32_Printer& |% f( Z" |, y' m; a' P+ I( d
Win32_PrinterConfiguration6 Z( w0 K- R/ A( Z7 M$ ?/ B
Win32_PrintJob
; M# i+ W3 K( v! g& K% } Win32_Processor. t! K9 H5 m1 @7 W2 t9 q
Win32_Refrigeration
5 y2 X+ w0 s/ w' R; A3 S" W0 U Win32_SerialPort
6 `: J9 |: E- O8 y7 e Win32_SerialPortConfiguration/ g# ?5 l9 N- I
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
z% L& X% O2 V0 i Win32_SoundDevice
1 k( h. o" R$ J! n Win32_SystemEnclosure5 U9 w: G2 f; E7 j9 ]* H C
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
$ y; o" C3 Q" R4 C# Z. V: U/ S6 p Win32_SystemSlot
% Y( V0 J5 u+ X% S9 K6 \6 C Win32_TapeDrive. L$ b+ |* q" F
Win32_TemperatureProbe$ T8 i; d, c$ s" |% Z' e$ {
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
7 [8 w1 U/ y5 A" x8 o S9 s Win32_USBController" G6 _; y( X6 E, p/ B
Win32_VideoConfiguration
+ I9 @; g' V* J( _ Win32_VideoController
1 Z' M6 B$ e1 z, v, {- I Win32_VoltageProbe8 I! N, V6 k# s, d* w$ h
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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