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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
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' F3 R* x% d. P6 X" H: T. jWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
) O" \8 X. u% ^3 Q. M+ L0 B 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 5 U# z: t" g! Q* M2 C( p
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
6 Q' l4 J+ ?7 ]8 T8 A$ V3 O$ X- I 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 6 u+ p" y' P( F4 b
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面/ j% E$ r4 w5 T/ p3 w
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① 初始化 COM 接口:+ T6 t4 }& u$ z8 C8 F' \ \5 a. }
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
: X5 K4 J" Z* p' O% q 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。2 K4 }& q' q: T! i J( M: O1 Q8 S3 q
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② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
7 T% b$ L; I5 s% X. D: t2 k0 e CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
7 V: B: R4 }1 }4 `0 R( A 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。/ e8 {; T+ y# P) M) j z$ J* A
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
6 E/ K4 I9 z5 i% o- P 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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+ d$ a6 X6 O4 q7 f: p6 cvoid GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)' J ]/ K2 H4 s" C
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IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;$ u+ z. |' ]. W* \3 o' {2 _8 i
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)$ _5 `2 Q P5 E& p+ `7 z; y
{
2 E9 k' Z! V y& G: X# f IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;8 s/ m: r& N: m( V
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
, ?# X R: s* o! F5 Z: D9 _! f/ j if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
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) T! y5 w+ `5 ]; C IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
" J# s/ C! h, F4 ^- G- ? WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
4 F. @6 \# x( {: y if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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- ~& X4 D f8 i' {4 x9 s3 d% A, ` IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;3 N/ R: }, p) u! d4 L1 Y" N% X
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;, }. ~! s" t) e" t- ~+ w
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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int iEnumIdx = 0;. K+ C+ W- S8 Y8 D, x& |. K
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");& A+ r* k1 X: u
, n! J/ b7 X2 ?5 e SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;9 }: }5 h# _* o( u
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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long vbl, vbu;, j+ h( r8 j* S
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
* U* n3 t$ j; `& y. m9 h, Q SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
6 r% q' Z$ G3 g2 C for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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5 S7 o! E$ O) e' e long aidx = idx;& Z% X* x7 @3 q- c
wchar_t *wsName = 0;) n8 M6 }( T. X
VARIANT vValue;
4 v) [% d" i$ I, V: J' X5 \7 t+ {7 Z( F VariantInit(&vValue);3 e& G' H1 C# z- T' @8 H
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
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* p& [* l9 {, g! H o: Y BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
5 G4 c. u+ u) c# x, S. i' w8 Q HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
6 S) _8 o+ T* E3 f+ c) f7 s2 [ SysFreeString(bs);
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! T' W/ J& r' ] if(hRes == S_OK)
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& i" e' N- t, O0 z Y AnsiString s;2 q( w) w1 L" Q* U( Q3 G5 K
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;% e3 _ q& S; d! G% a+ A g |
if(v.IsArray()). L; _4 G/ Y! |; m6 i
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);4 v3 u p0 R7 H) X! q1 ?' b ]8 g
if(!s.IsEmpty())
2 u2 e/ W0 _, t' d. |+ W s+=", ";
8 T) P1 A$ B {: K5 X; K s+=VarToStr(a);5 P- j% O0 X5 T
}
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% B+ A$ _* M" V( A- ^ else
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s = VarToStr(v);
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lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);. C* [" F4 R9 V; n
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VariantClear(&vValue);
3 H! A# l+ d7 o1 T# U SysFreeString(wsName);
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if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
+ F: M$ U" S J, E5 Z* ] iEnumIdx++;0 Y/ _( E7 q. y/ v
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();; q* `/ @. S' s0 M& f: A# r
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if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();8 {" O8 f% {8 Y9 {$ A% Q! @# O
}
" o- P0 Z6 M* ^) x5 [5 s- q if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();. ?( |0 {1 c: P% ^7 E
}
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% Y3 g, y. G5 h5 T) M* O// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
) e4 G9 k2 H% X( \9 Y& y. Avoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)3 x+ k9 _2 m( d" b( n3 Z. y5 h4 y
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");! s; [: p: j/ ?& ?
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");- W {8 `) q3 y2 C6 E: }
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:7 H- \: \* p% B
Win32_1394Controller1 @! F2 b, i) Q6 s4 ?! S$ Q
Win32_BaseBoard
+ K( O" x& e z8 |9 u N: z Win32_Battery
5 U* A% ~% ]) M- A$ z- Q$ q Win32_BIOS O& @2 d# c4 h- _% c
Win32_Bus' p: p1 A, @& g; G6 N' v7 n
Win32_CacheMemory5 V/ b( G. d# C9 F+ O
Win32_CDROMDrive
8 ^* W" f- z; z) s: n Win32_CurrentProbe
+ R# ~9 t( ~3 j5 g' z+ y Win32_DesktopMonitor% M2 w0 A$ u+ r! A# N& C
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress, P8 t$ U' I( G' X! O
Win32_DiskDrive1 S. r/ G9 S8 s0 S/ t) y) x# B
Win32_DisplayConfiguration: o/ o4 K5 ?9 D, d
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration1 V& z) O5 Z3 Q: s, G5 r
Win32_DMAChannel
, t5 G$ c1 [* } T Win32_Fan; ?/ X/ h3 @. T
Win32_FloppyController
, O: _: V7 r# \4 X Win32_FloppyDrive, J' N9 r* s- U% ^
Win32_HeatPipe
+ G% A4 x) e8 @( D Win32_IDEController
) ?7 u( v- j6 ~7 S Win32_InfraredDevice
0 [5 x" O4 @, c" A. {7 l Win32_IRQResource& L) c% q& p0 o# W# Y
Win32_Keyboard4 z6 v* b" y- Z9 ], v
Win32_MemoryArray0 e6 j7 N) g) ~7 c
Win32_MemoryDevice2 v% y: G; T" H5 [: ]! k0 y
Win32_MotherboardDevice
i7 ~9 M' a% d) c2 G6 e1 ~2 K Win32_NetworkAdapter
q- ]1 T- @+ a2 ] W0 w4 m Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration% W5 f1 h5 [( e3 y8 m6 |% Y
Win32_OnBoardDevice2 _$ h6 y9 x6 w7 @. I
Win32_ParallelPort
: E6 {/ W1 Z3 A `$ Z8 [! `- k Win32_PCMCIAController
7 J, E6 K, _" d$ [ Win32_PhysicalMemory
% z) T) s4 r% s Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray' B |: }1 n. {8 D4 k1 c# }
Win32_PnPEntity
7 d) B7 r1 w1 e2 b ~ Win32_PointingDevice& L- J$ _4 _" w6 K
Win32_PortableBattery
# K$ Q6 q3 c' `8 H' B" L Win32_PortConnector9 } O) R( z* a1 m4 v6 L+ M
Win32_PortResource
, |, J) @$ F1 f7 k' @& N5 [; G Win32_POTSModem
0 [! t+ J+ t9 O. H Win32_PowerManagementEvent+ \7 O- o" E2 [# t" |8 M4 e
Win32_Printer
- b; b- O2 @9 a. o) k/ \: Q Win32_PrinterConfiguration) [% A- P) {4 u E
Win32_PrintJob8 A$ O" N4 H5 t5 y1 q8 b: X" p
Win32_Processor
7 x |* w4 o4 C L Win32_Refrigeration. w p5 W' h5 K- g+ j
Win32_SerialPort
& L6 C7 d1 A( E: E3 j0 v Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
( r. N o- `* h* r Win32_SMBIOSMemory3 b7 t& G7 z: D$ R! K
Win32_SoundDevice3 ^' e; X& H% | j- x i
Win32_SystemEnclosure, L5 Y7 y9 g( A) D' @9 O9 L: J$ p; G& T
Win32_SystemMemoryResource c* L9 p) U) f' I" ?7 u
Win32_SystemSlot" D$ [5 B; m. w0 ]' }3 H" T
Win32_TapeDrive$ L5 F! N/ m6 Q) F& F
Win32_TemperatureProbe
, `7 X% B; L0 R8 `/ V5 n! Z Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
5 _, V" U" Q9 Z! Z5 I% ~1 c' m1 K9 x) X Win32_USBController
7 Q" ~9 T- |" w$ f; S Win32_VideoConfiguration/ J( x5 R: M0 \
Win32_VideoController. q2 C! ^, ^1 b) _" O' t& D u
Win32_VoltageProbe: F4 D4 } P: y8 e6 {
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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