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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)3 y- w8 q1 N3 T; V6 k3 w
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' P4 b a+ E- r+ iWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)- b$ Y* a4 k3 Y1 e6 ]2 y7 @
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 * V9 j4 r) F5 R: D" R U T/ w) ^
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。" [+ r; l/ h2 Q! b+ Z8 g# a
很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 0 n t8 ^/ _ n
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% m0 }6 c6 ?' k6 rBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面4 X3 A! G$ N2 ?% ]9 q: E
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# Z4 {1 ]7 h% p6 K0 O# @① 初始化 COM 接口:1 i1 }8 n# s- M+ ]) j0 q
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
5 O/ M2 j8 C, ?% {* [- | 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。& ~+ {( y( f) W' i8 `( e5 ?2 {2 P
: Q& z5 l$ _ q: r/ j1 u# ?1 \② 获取访问 WMI 权限:( y" n3 P# I; u; [
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
1 B7 W$ h# y3 Z 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
( X( J0 K6 E8 O/ \! }8 b# a3 b5 L 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)5 O+ S7 e5 u8 ^2 \" j* S
{
5 F1 I* o" `$ o9 z% S IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
! @+ r/ `+ t' T8 {: ]. L2 l5 ]! m9 O if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)# M& e* [8 B1 f: ~$ ~
{
: {9 B8 ^# T% R3 b$ O6 ~/ T IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
% c) y2 q+ n; n2 k( t$ ^# h( u WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");1 W- Q5 `$ v% r+ M# @" r3 j
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)( R5 L- T+ f* l' y3 V0 H) D" Q9 C
{
6 Z7 y. |8 [( S- _ IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;* A: x4 d! d# Q: A. ~# o
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;7 k6 {, ]6 H7 g2 I
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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( ^! a4 @! `3 y& N( y IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
2 P6 J, \4 _5 ~ ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
& P+ g& S. Q, B( C if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)5 ?& m# ?4 u: H/ z6 Y4 B4 ]
{
0 G" l7 R. [9 j int iEnumIdx = 0;2 ~1 N- V& u4 K! S n: @& L- q
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)' L) U5 Y& k! ?( g" x4 w
{
0 I' f+ y. y/ N/ G4 u' h lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");$ W" x) ^% A/ E2 u9 L8 c; `
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SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
8 q: m4 T: D" } if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)- l' j' W3 ~' u4 \( P7 h# l
{
' {# w- X, C( L; Y; T% s8 M long vbl, vbu;1 P" o) G; q: _
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);/ O( f$ S# Q. ?: Q" z8 l
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
|; Y* t/ T" E% K Q4 H1 M for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)8 ^! u* o* y# o4 ^0 |8 m5 m
{
# s3 x; [) `( M% d: b9 L5 f long aidx = idx;+ |2 z$ S! m2 @. m( I
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
1 j3 i& Z, H2 ` VARIANT vValue;2 K/ x0 ~+ f- e q& O/ g' I% w
VariantInit(&vValue);
/ G. `5 V# Q! }5 w6 B SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);% Q$ c4 [ O \* ]. T9 U) E
4 }. R$ D0 f3 s8 L; f8 X BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);' Y1 t; I! b% `+ ?
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);( j* j t2 L* n! _* @* n
SysFreeString(bs);
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if(hRes == S_OK)
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AnsiString s;% x4 Q7 |# s, \2 r. r. z2 d; x
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;4 T% I. \. H }
if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
6 _, l% q0 F( `; D6 p- { if(!s.IsEmpty())
4 Z& e" L% D1 p2 t! [7 } s+=", ";0 v7 [0 x* q9 p* v
s+=VarToStr(a);/ m$ b5 B: I/ g* B2 _4 O( g
}
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s = VarToStr(v);' q9 F. u+ @/ {8 K5 T6 ~
}
" U, ] V' I2 b2 `& q' Z lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);0 A6 r# }8 z1 H" a* C' ]
}
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$ _ H' J; h& D- z' [ VariantClear(&vValue);. y/ W' v* h) \. C. `; n+ ]
SysFreeString(wsName);
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* B. l6 J$ o' ]/ \+ |- R3 a if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
' q. Q# G' @( D5 Z$ p" c( \) a! f iEnumIdx++;* h. Z" N1 H5 A
}
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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; [1 Y6 y; g! d, U: c( r if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();( M M d) H- S# p9 @( a
}
8 J+ \; q$ T* j if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();) G& ]6 M& o7 Z8 A3 ~+ ^0 u
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if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:$ x7 ? i' F$ G9 y: J
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)- u2 Z2 C) c" b& {( D- [! q. u% e
{
9 ?( b- O5 t, ^: h1 U# {. K Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");$ {- u/ J, ^9 J B
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
# t4 X" B F# b( f2 Q: J m4 X Memo1->Lines->Add("");
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
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6 ?- B$ b# j) e+ d- }3 g Win32_BaseBoard* A$ C3 M# ^* i! W) J0 o2 |. D7 M1 c
Win32_Battery
0 H. j+ G5 W* K; V/ ?+ C1 s Win32_BIOS
8 [' O. N+ q" V6 t* v5 I! {0 S Win32_Bus8 o0 F6 r: r. U1 J! y
Win32_CacheMemory
4 V5 n9 @. J3 C; Z1 P Win32_CDROMDrive
( z* Z" D+ N1 ~- B& g. o Win32_CurrentProbe
! _- ^9 A' z3 } Win32_DesktopMonitor8 L6 K% h9 b% g Q$ z
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress, G% d7 u2 \6 V& K6 H$ {8 F3 q( C
Win32_DiskDrive- s8 V& I) M f L3 Z0 G
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
* \5 R/ I$ Y3 {+ d5 H2 f; z Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration6 ]: X% i5 ]# l% p- k& Y
Win32_DMAChannel
8 c3 G5 c3 @+ J2 W4 Q7 C0 ?8 f, w Win32_Fan3 Z& D/ W# L; l0 b" F9 d
Win32_FloppyController$ A" a" L( I# r- A, Q( M
Win32_FloppyDrive1 a- s$ U4 j, N( `% ?8 X# Y
Win32_HeatPipe" u" K! s; l1 y
Win32_IDEController2 `( s% B. _: m- d3 Y+ |
Win32_InfraredDevice
- e f* k! n! S& q Win32_IRQResource" @- @5 L0 W3 S+ }. Q6 p8 o' m
Win32_Keyboard5 B" a9 z* V# Y3 n: d3 w# S. {
Win32_MemoryArray
6 P+ s! Y4 t, E) m Y9 I Win32_MemoryDevice
* _* Q, M* U$ S6 B5 |: y$ W( W Win32_MotherboardDevice* N$ l V' O- N8 R
Win32_NetworkAdapter
3 ? B; Q; b3 @9 c; o Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration1 o0 A! K# Q0 `/ ]/ k
Win32_OnBoardDevice' Z& g: I, }$ [7 J
Win32_ParallelPort
+ B, w. y1 J5 }2 ~ Win32_PCMCIAController
% P# I$ w$ S5 t; e; w Win32_PhysicalMemory
4 }/ n, d! Q5 M9 B' Q% g4 z5 ]; w Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
( d- v+ q: ~& W! @2 Y5 _ Win32_PnPEntity* L# m8 b) ^. Z
Win32_PointingDevice: |& ?5 g+ D9 K: n. x6 E' h
Win32_PortableBattery
5 o6 n; x$ D$ x4 B Win32_PortConnector
$ z* l5 }7 y- z6 Q Win32_PortResource
( N; `7 l( H7 S6 q4 W3 D Win32_POTSModem
: a3 R: \7 L; N- y5 [ Win32_PowerManagementEvent; g7 H% m- |; `$ W7 P; x# b
Win32_Printer
, o/ A+ a* G: ^8 f Win32_PrinterConfiguration
0 q. y; ~* i2 F; R% Y* P Win32_PrintJob
- P' f. {5 I1 Y _% [! U$ A Win32_Processor
) i4 o4 b$ \/ ?5 ?& D& B Win32_Refrigeration
) c! g9 C/ W: A Win32_SerialPort2 ?& u; J( k/ ?& A2 J3 w( g7 F3 h
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
; L2 [8 k1 a; I- G$ q Win32_SMBIOSMemory' B @2 Z5 ]+ d% D
Win32_SoundDevice/ j. ?/ I5 L7 n5 @# U @9 P
Win32_SystemEnclosure; x, U6 N; F. N% @. t
Win32_SystemMemoryResource; R2 O4 l: P5 J. v
Win32_SystemSlot
+ i4 V- }$ ~! Z6 g3 w" L/ t4 O1 g/ C Win32_TapeDrive5 k, o/ `2 c' ~! }& ?- i4 [
Win32_TemperatureProbe
( y! q6 c0 r7 u Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply' F% D" G* k$ L) f$ F0 r
Win32_USBController6 L: w3 t+ ]" z; L3 m
Win32_VideoConfiguration' l h! v0 y" O) o
Win32_VideoController$ M* e) y: B# w" K" c
Win32_VoltageProbe
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以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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