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Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)* k6 N8 G5 l9 D* G9 w
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" x: v! |1 w8 UWMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)
4 I: T" q$ A) {) ^) `- C6 ? 通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。
, v: t( e1 `: N7 r; W8 s1 e 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
% w/ q1 j+ N! L9 G$ Y7 o0 n- |( o 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 % U5 D/ \$ I3 D) ?% O! X7 _
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BCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面0 n; i! F+ g5 w/ x2 L
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$ I4 O' v# Q) \9 W5 q/ R' N① 初始化 COM 接口:
( P+ ^' h% ]5 Y 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。4 |5 x" R! ]' {0 G! I, o, z) Y) J
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。4 ^/ N/ H+ y9 M( }
% v# F' \* E+ e+ Y② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
0 q6 O& X3 P0 G6 e- `0 s CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
# Z* j+ @2 J( P) v+ l9 O0 W8 b 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
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③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
6 |+ J7 D D3 c 这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。+ l, b6 _3 Y4 B
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void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)* K' x) e4 u/ D
{
+ C- D# E5 j9 g* J IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
( z( ^& l( M/ M' t+ I: m if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK) s( U1 F( J+ R5 K9 ?0 l
{
- Y; d3 Y3 z8 U IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;1 ~+ _3 m6 i# I
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");
& M+ A) l6 z" g+ K if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)8 A* ]; w# ]9 W, }6 U1 ]; D# }5 ]
{
$ I& k5 N1 g& b0 P0 y# l6 V IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;1 T: J5 D) k4 h: _
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;7 K% |: A, E$ S, t1 w
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
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( e9 E: M- f! W IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
& L) c F2 G" n4 C8 ` ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;" B- v( P, U6 p) k
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
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* ?/ w& a7 z6 e" ]5 k! U% @ int iEnumIdx = 0;
. O5 _! L9 c- d while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK), y+ w. b, N# C% r. z; J
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lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");5 Y% W/ d/ |" n/ P( V6 m
7 I d- ^" |2 m SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;" H- d M0 s- w! s
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
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/ Y* I" T$ ] L1 ? long vbl, vbu;
0 t F2 @# w: Y( P E0 [5 n SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
4 }, s/ ?& ]" t& y. A SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);3 b8 D2 e+ ?. H. E) r( g; ~
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
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long aidx = idx;
8 I7 [- V& J4 F- Q& R& u wchar_t *wsName = 0;/ v- {, t& v( p6 X5 Y& h
VARIANT vValue;
' y% o) v; o/ q/ ~4 x) c$ ?2 D VariantInit(&vValue);% c% V- Y9 _0 w
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);/ ~" l8 k. }. N5 G! y8 x% ~% Y3 y
: }& C3 r+ {/ @" v BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);0 X3 b# R8 }1 f3 ~+ z
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);- ?8 n+ L- |, E* |3 P. u, U- m
SysFreeString(bs);+ v& Y: f5 X$ s1 `% r
* Y9 l: i$ A: N; d" Y; W# ^+ ^ Y if(hRes == S_OK)) V9 ^8 g% e2 Q8 }4 o3 W L. p4 p. O
{
! o0 d- Z5 i% r0 R: v5 S) F8 B/ | AnsiString s;
% F- d- p9 E; |0 | Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;0 s. w- p6 q+ n
if(v.IsArray())
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for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++): L I; J5 s0 }4 r8 a( n
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Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
F, x( C# D/ x5 r1 D1 }; w if(!s.IsEmpty())
& f8 o$ j- x. {" \# S2 J s+=", ";4 u7 X/ K4 H) {5 B, G# b1 R+ D
s+=VarToStr(a);
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else
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s = VarToStr(v);3 i4 v% |, \9 L! f0 |& h3 p
}
& d. l7 z& F, l( C+ j lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);
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' K% O* ^5 I( W I7 P8 P VariantClear(&vValue);$ o$ I {% W4 B* s( d
SysFreeString(wsName);
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0 Y% u" H. c0 `5 j& A" {) ] if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);" _$ b5 c2 w4 R" ~3 |$ b9 v; ^
iEnumIdx++;
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if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
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if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();* m& u8 v7 f" ^5 Y7 c m! W8 M
}
4 `; @0 b' g* ^) G if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();1 a; R- Z- K8 w5 X' x4 n* n9 d
}
( }/ F3 d$ H4 U, @+ _" Z3 s) A if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
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5 ^0 }0 [1 A/ Y2 j) P6 p5 C) E/ P//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1 r$ c- C: o- S; N' J// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
( o) _$ l( F3 f6 D. Pvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
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Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");0 O- o; t9 Q; y) Z# w
GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");
0 O7 |. ]( A, D" O% i Memo1->Lines->Add("");) s. L4 O! E9 J' F3 Z- q* [, I
}
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WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
2 s4 }, E1 y( u; B7 a' d Win32_1394Controller) F0 M, T/ f( s# h
Win32_BaseBoard
" B. ^$ p" P# y( A Win32_Battery( c/ o: n! b6 y5 o7 V
Win32_BIOS1 e& k% r% ]/ ~7 P+ f" X6 q$ ]
Win32_Bus
1 p( r4 j9 F$ |) r3 X/ E- O% t, v: W# { Win32_CacheMemory3 ], k" \: ], O5 o
Win32_CDROMDrive# h9 L C. P r5 C$ @( Y1 b
Win32_CurrentProbe
* @2 B- Q: f2 \/ p7 F1 h) A" g# K* A% _ Win32_DesktopMonitor
/ ~7 L: G" x/ G* s* S- Y Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
0 w5 U6 E0 e( y, U, l9 A Win32_DiskDrive
6 | Z- u' ?9 x, ] Win32_DisplayConfiguration
8 i7 ^6 C- f& P& Z/ ?* g Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
, H5 M+ f* K$ v$ U' a" K Win32_DMAChannel
. q! [* G9 t# K' x Win32_Fan
! n- Z, m$ p% ?" L3 e Win32_FloppyController
: {1 a8 `; ^8 |0 E/ W6 @ Win32_FloppyDrive/ P- \% u4 W1 I1 \8 t6 Z
Win32_HeatPipe
/ t! H8 n5 k' B1 s3 I% l9 Z Win32_IDEController6 @! E& }% V. A& X/ j; e0 p( g
Win32_InfraredDevice
9 ?% T2 |$ k6 a! \# [5 k! u2 [# p Win32_IRQResource
2 E6 A: c, e* [6 E0 T* p' z3 X# G Win32_Keyboard/ ~! @; F" h( _; k
Win32_MemoryArray
& s, x( j3 B- }6 i9 t! `3 ?+ u3 T9 i Win32_MemoryDevice
4 i! E( K. Z4 H Win32_MotherboardDevice
1 `$ v; k w) {+ c! _* \1 ?- d Win32_NetworkAdapter0 s9 I( [' @3 T; J1 F" `# p
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
4 C0 V8 B% T7 R$ W Win32_OnBoardDevice* F X3 i8 T' s# Q& P
Win32_ParallelPort
o$ L4 M/ o6 P0 m" _; ~% e2 G Win32_PCMCIAController
8 F, z4 r7 b! A* T1 @. G Win32_PhysicalMemory
2 M1 F1 C" M, E( }6 ]' Z Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray G. o2 t. C8 l( O: P6 f3 j
Win32_PnPEntity- a# O. P$ [' k6 B" G- D
Win32_PointingDevice# t& P n* q' }# Y n
Win32_PortableBattery
8 I; u1 w9 C _2 g5 v Win32_PortConnector9 \0 B" ]- N2 J4 E' Y' `; Z
Win32_PortResource
$ n( B: l. F3 X6 \& R: \! m% u Win32_POTSModem
$ M& v( }2 E; _; z2 V2 p! p Win32_PowerManagementEvent L4 w4 N6 B& e
Win32_Printer
4 z; A& S/ I+ m! O3 |+ c R5 m Win32_PrinterConfiguration- o1 v/ F A+ L
Win32_PrintJob
" r p% G( A( g$ u1 K6 O Win32_Processor
+ Q( b. {+ |' c Win32_Refrigeration
- j% m: J* y9 u' v Win32_SerialPort
7 K' @: X( y, c, o4 | Win32_SerialPortConfiguration2 D* J( \4 J& A8 z
Win32_SMBIOSMemory% W; g% N+ b) s3 ^' b9 r; |
Win32_SoundDevice
4 r* M- J {6 f2 K Win32_SystemEnclosure7 |3 d4 f% J( k, _- W+ a
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
6 ]+ F9 h; ?% s. u7 J' `9 C O7 Q Win32_SystemSlot
, ]2 Q' A4 d- \; S Win32_TapeDrive
' D" ^% C$ |& q Win32_TemperatureProbe
; E/ Y* F8 {9 f8 l Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
( x* u: u, \- Q% \) L: y/ @5 P Win32_USBController
4 j" n0 z# c e" R; b Win32_VideoConfiguration- k: y3 Y4 Y0 c1 |5 J
Win32_VideoController9 K" f7 I& \$ ? v& r+ q+ l
Win32_VoltageProbe( b& {- P% r7 h8 W! s/ f
5 L5 A0 V8 S7 [1 W1 B9 u以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
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