|
|
Victor Chen, (C++ 爱好者)
" d5 y2 p' [7 q* t7 P! h8 E2 A( ]$ |2 h5 K, P
) m( w7 |" @4 v; N/ ]4 [
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------: s( c4 k7 |* _8 W8 b. ?
WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)( }2 Z, t+ @0 ^: O9 S) [; Z8 X
通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 ; v; i1 b% W5 _! X% f- \$ _8 `
利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。
) {3 Q9 L/ q) e, B- g 很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。 8 D g" g% @5 C% j; Z6 T. g
$ K1 ^9 W5 m$ o+ r# u0 j
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 @& x/ w( W+ m5 r! G3 O: nBCB 的 WMI 库文件 wbemuuid.lib 由本站提供, 包含在本页下面的程序源码下载里面
3 ?: e) o2 H, q) b* M- O7 G2 s: ^0 n% ?9 u0 e1 A# w) g
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! V1 @/ x6 D4 C6 p% U' e① 初始化 COM 接口:
: P8 C* }1 V- E& Y9 }) o+ C# X+ R 访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
3 D7 _5 Y' N5 T6 ~3 J( C 这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。/ d( g) f/ c* i; N/ L$ p
& e/ S0 `( ]+ T& f) S$ U7 R" E; {② 获取访问 WMI 权限:/ u9 T" F! o7 N9 a
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
) `6 f; \( k$ I* ? 如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。
) p/ |8 ~* N \! B y
: X" z/ ?% w- x/ ^! d% N③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:, L9 P6 w; l( N5 o6 ]
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。5 }; @+ a2 x8 Z c) D' P
8 v8 Y5 p5 l3 A
void GetWmiInfo(TStrings *lpList, WideString wsClass)
* v4 L4 c* z$ h+ o{
+ I$ h7 N% d' \$ T; ] s; x IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
. O. G" J7 N0 j% R K4 w' x if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)3 ^! d( N2 C( `7 O- R
{, [* e0 X( l$ A; c
IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;! e+ J$ T2 v2 s9 k
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root\\cimv2");7 F1 ]* d Y0 k
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)" o2 A0 B' ]: M( H2 O
{
3 u: m7 I; F; Q- T$ h IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;0 E7 y! n9 g. \, H* b: @1 ?
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
' n& h/ H; k" Z1 m/ @* O w1 x( f* R if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
& G( l2 ]! h! g8 h {2 X% x5 y) j6 T$ M& Z/ x: U
IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
+ U* U# N u1 ^' i- { ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;4 x1 B4 C* Q: K6 E% V, S$ b1 O
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
- g- u! w. ]2 m% h( q {: ]4 E H% U9 P5 m' Y q
int iEnumIdx = 0;
- \6 D% L& [, _# f( |5 k while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)* ~5 R7 d- {+ T2 C8 S( p7 G
{) i, h- j" n5 Q7 V3 W6 k
lpList->Add("---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");5 z: ^% K, X M
% ] O) ^0 t/ t1 \2 _1 d8 X SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;0 E5 j& c( N8 y7 e! ]
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
1 F6 [5 L( N+ y6 G8 [% A7 [: s {
/ M' r; E1 q$ B; I7 b0 I long vbl, vbu;
2 Y! l, m! @: o" L SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
3 K- T t9 j9 r SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
7 V. O# Q- o% T- j9 ]% b/ } for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
' I/ T8 x0 `: K {
# P* O; }5 b* U2 A5 O* h long aidx = idx;
+ k; i/ [+ M: s7 k wchar_t *wsName = 0;, `1 C3 D, ?! R6 v: v7 Z
VARIANT vValue; W y7 K; A- Y" G* I
VariantInit(&vValue);
. V9 }1 ~6 H5 X0 v6 L! S( v p% V SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);
3 T4 L- F% c* f$ G" {
$ A3 ~& s- L; b) A5 u: t BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);0 W, ?) y5 `. a$ x |2 {
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);7 U3 j1 @( D: t/ t0 p) d: A
SysFreeString(bs);* y3 L3 P) L. j$ z3 r- {1 l% S
4 \, ^, l7 R/ G' ~* X
if(hRes == S_OK)' x m, s0 s* {: d: B
{
$ t: g3 y' c4 g8 p2 t AnsiString s;. h% C: C8 ` p0 B
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
. e" a' X6 K' ?+ H if(v.IsArray())
; A4 @# m# V( z8 h$ j {
% o+ _# u9 x0 s Q: Y for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
0 t4 a0 j# m1 E! T9 S* Y5 y1 e* d {: }! f( e$ p' |3 V& {
Variant a = v.GetElement(i); H9 P6 ]) l& k+ A4 c# y
if(!s.IsEmpty()); L' x% p6 m/ C1 s7 U
s+=", ";8 ^( ~/ e( w% x( F; `, G* q. w _8 d
s+=VarToStr(a);
# y- P; Z: u+ l$ N0 B2 B }
8 J ^; L: U4 R, P$ m }5 t' r6 v3 d6 g; N+ V9 W
else
+ G" P- s! }8 `$ I$ f% n7 W3 U {# ]) [( {/ `& L. b( B
s = VarToStr(v);
, J+ ?4 C% q4 G7 A# ]% g }
+ |: V, Q0 Q' `+ h lpList->Add(AnsiString(wsName)+"="+s);& Z7 u, _& R% w+ N; w% Q2 Z# K0 k; Z
}
+ L5 e, {, ^( G, Z8 x; T; I
: F$ y% e) v. T" ~! ? VariantClear(&vValue);3 q" V& Q9 d: C/ }! N# t. {: }, M
SysFreeString(wsName);
8 W8 r# t6 U: B- K* \+ Q }+ ~8 q5 Q6 k1 y& D" }% `9 l( B$ U8 A8 Y
}& [6 I& S% g" R6 m+ P
if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
* K9 G8 P: O+ P5 N4 c1 A; @ iEnumIdx++;9 n1 P1 J3 p7 J' @
}
3 e* O" l1 q6 ]& j$ C }2 T$ X. G$ W4 ?
if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
; N m6 X, \4 [6 ?1 Z }& o# ~; o3 P' V- Z+ b# e
if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
( y. V8 p4 J2 }6 u }
4 J3 T B$ [5 |7 V1 m2 Y if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();3 b# i( Z3 ~, I! ~2 \! Z
}. {8 D* a6 ]; E- O- ?; A
if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
- X1 ?1 Y8 w* B3 V" D$ m}
$ _* n; H0 H& H& [//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ _9 S6 d) `3 O
- g) x! V8 @0 |3 a: f/ m, a. b/ n// 通过 WIN32_bios 获取 BIOS 信息:
* R$ w4 j: ?& q L+ t, a. Gvoid __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)3 u A5 S9 T4 `* N) S9 c3 v
{8 L* y# Q5 K5 s9 ?7 a
Memo1->Lines->Add("================== [WIN32_bios] =================");
7 c, g5 s2 U ~1 a K6 H GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios");* A6 W4 c& R! s6 @; T7 v
Memo1->Lines->Add("");0 ]8 J/ C; _2 B' t/ |
}. H' a) J! q# C* c
C$ U1 `5 {: d# w
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( n) ]) \8 Z, q# g0 \
; W% z; U( Z' A2 {$ XWMI 可以访问的信息类型有:- H: x j+ v% p }7 W
Win32_1394Controller$ H L, b. m8 Z! m) x
Win32_BaseBoard
* L4 ]! p2 x t Win32_Battery
2 y( d* h5 v2 y B3 D' L. J" c' ` Win32_BIOS/ ]0 s4 {5 s, I7 Q$ F
Win32_Bus
- }; I: O$ H9 d" b9 k3 f Win32_CacheMemory3 O. x( D: O3 n' O/ h
Win32_CDROMDrive$ y# n4 J- @+ F3 @; E$ f: i$ T
Win32_CurrentProbe
+ C) e" K. H% x' [! @' O Win32_DesktopMonitor, q c1 B& k* B/ R J9 k: x
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
( s" n5 ?. b( W; G2 z" {% ?5 W Win32_DiskDrive9 Q& c( J8 V) T
Win32_DisplayConfiguration/ E7 U" d7 y/ a6 w/ C
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
+ U g5 c2 C7 j Win32_DMAChannel
* ~/ m' _3 F5 g+ N- E$ _& q Win32_Fan
9 P( _4 _4 r7 q, w7 i Win32_FloppyController6 o' A3 g, h! ^) b: g& [
Win32_FloppyDrive/ F% f* I/ i8 Y) u9 ^
Win32_HeatPipe: \3 V5 r! e- _( p* Q1 t
Win32_IDEController* y5 ^# w h' q0 s9 E& P9 `; i$ ~
Win32_InfraredDevice0 O6 D: D) j0 n _# J; T8 @. f
Win32_IRQResource
& F* D1 _6 l" M# l: k! @3 |" v Win32_Keyboard2 C. a2 A' P7 P6 W( W- r9 L; Z
Win32_MemoryArray* q4 @/ c0 E) w$ `
Win32_MemoryDevice
; n0 h- d" X) q! m8 Q- a2 T Win32_MotherboardDevice; m8 `9 h" n: |
Win32_NetworkAdapter2 O; ]' M: D( x% K0 ?+ p
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration' o# v% ]6 e" A
Win32_OnBoardDevice
9 ~# h% j# Z/ w: J0 v Win32_ParallelPort
% O9 o' z; L" ^7 L3 t+ b0 y) q Win32_PCMCIAController
D( x- `! o( A) ~# v! l% J Win32_PhysicalMemory
& c0 ~" `% P7 C" i) C# R Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
2 h+ }8 S+ z8 O9 s0 i Win32_PnPEntity
% e' W* J& r; H. l Win32_PointingDevice
8 R3 i3 h& b. }8 j6 a Win32_PortableBattery& [- o) I5 r5 @
Win32_PortConnector
) w; B5 r; |. T4 {, b: { Win32_PortResource4 O- r) V* |7 A+ y$ T; z7 i
Win32_POTSModem
) ]2 w; `# R4 ~) n0 E1 b# i+ X Win32_PowerManagementEvent* B9 Z) B) I. ?+ j
Win32_Printer
- o, j( t& _/ s* r/ D6 | Win32_PrinterConfiguration& I7 b5 y# ^. x1 |
Win32_PrintJob
5 X& S$ N% U: r! p8 P" | Win32_Processor
% a, D4 B) ]! M7 x5 t8 P! l Win32_Refrigeration
: U) B$ j: R/ f$ B0 P1 T8 u Win32_SerialPort0 G; r0 z0 Q& n0 v) s9 G( I
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
7 ^( Y3 N2 f% W Win32_SMBIOSMemory$ o: E6 V, _4 b# G1 W* x5 c
Win32_SoundDevice* M( R8 E' |0 U4 S+ Y$ q: i3 j3 w
Win32_SystemEnclosure6 `7 H6 l" y. {3 d% ~0 e" N
Win32_SystemMemoryResource4 s; X; I7 a# J
Win32_SystemSlot3 |% e7 ]/ H5 y
Win32_TapeDrive
0 G. e ]* g* x9 y9 a Win32_TemperatureProbe
5 K ]8 b) |2 h: m Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply$ c ^' p. c' x( s! @! O8 p; f5 |
Win32_USBController0 E3 E, k! i9 {
Win32_VideoConfiguration6 K' `! N; Z: d" \
Win32_VideoController
, D' E: B5 \. v Win32_VoltageProbe
' ~; v) g3 _, d9 `& L& K* F! F2 @) G1 G) E0 f5 ^3 \8 q/ r, N1 ?
以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(Memo1->Lines, "WIN32_bios"); |
|